Morpho-anatomical features of the leaves and stems of Baccharis notosergila (Asteraceae) and their relationship with the environment and chemical control

Background and aims: Baccharis notosergila is an aggressive weed inhabiting the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The aims of this work were: to analyze the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of aerial vegetative organs in order to understand the adaptation strategies that ensure its survival, as well as to expand knowledge on traits determining resistance to the control methods applied. M&M: The material collected was prepared and examined with conventional techniques of microscopy. Histochemical tests to identify starch, resins, polyphenols, and lipophilic substances were performed. Results: The major features found were small and deciduous leaves; uniseriate epidermis with massive and striate cuticle; stomata at level or slightly above the other epidermal cells and glandular trichomes secreting oily substances; stomata on both surfaces and isobilateral mesophyll. Tannins, starch and lipophilic substances were identified in leaves and stems; polyphenols, resins and lipids in ducts, and calcium oxalate crystals in leaves, stems and capitate trichomes. Conclusions: The aerial vegetative organs features of B. notosergila explain its tolerance to the unfavorable conditions of the Salado river basin area, as well as its high competitive ability over others species of the natural prairie. The reduced and deciduous leaves, the epidermal traits, and chemical substances found constitute a physical and chemical barrier reducing dehydration as well as the penetration of the herbicides applied for its control. Botanical knowledge of B. notosergila is the basis for the design and development of new and appropriate management methods for this species.

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Calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae) producing lipophilic substances: ultrastructural and functional aspects

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v63i2.15747 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thália Do Socorro Serra Gama ◽

Diego Demarco ◽

Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar-Dias

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Lipophilic Substances

Plant structures that secrete lipids and phenolic compounds are often associated with the protection and development of organs against desiccation, in addition to the protection they provide against animals, as the capitate trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum. Understanding the glandular activities that occur in these trichomes has required the study of their ontogeny, structure, ultrastructure and histochemical aspects; the interpretation of their ecological functions or evolutionary history is complicated by the scarcity of reports on calicinal trichomes that are not nectar-secreting. Samples of floral calyx in anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were fixed and processed according to the methods for light and electron microscopy. The trichomes are randomly distributed throughout the entire inner surface of the calyx and are also visible on the flower buds. These capitate glandular trichomes were composed of a peduncle, having up to nine cells, and a multicellular secretory head with their cells in columnar format and arranged in disc form. The collar cell, which is under the secretory head, divides anticlinally and arranges itself side by side with the mother cell. As they develop, they bend with some of them becoming adpressed to the calyx. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretory head cells produce lipid substances, acidic lipids and phenolic compounds. In the secretory head, the vacuome is dispersed and the cytoplasm possesses a great number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leucoplasts, organelles involved in the production of osmiophilic substances. In some regions of the secretory cells, cuticle detachment was observed; however, the accumulation of secretions was not observed. This study describes, for the first time, the origin, development, and secretion process of the calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum, showing that production of lipophilic substances is important for this plant, possibly the trichomes may be involved in the plant’s chemical defense against insects, offering protection against herbivores.

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Stratigraphy of the fluvial deposits of the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires Province: Lithology, chronology and paleoclimate

Journal of South American Earth Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jsames.2015.03.007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 129-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Fucks ◽

M.F. Pisano ◽

R.A. Huarte ◽

C.V. Di Lello ◽

F. Mari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Fluvial Deposits ◽

Salado River

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Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150602018j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 291-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dusica Janosevic ◽

Snezana Budimir ◽

Ana Alimpic ◽

Petar Marin ◽

Sheef Al ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Peltate Trichomes ◽

Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

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Characteristics of the secretory structures in the flowers of Rosa rugosa Thunb.

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aneta Sulborska ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska

Keyword(s):

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Middle Part ◽

Rosa Rugosa ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Secretory Structures ◽

Glandular Hairs ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Anatomical Characters

Due to the presence of secondary metabolites exhibiting pharmacological activity, the flowers of Rosa rugosa Thunb. have found application in traditional and folk medicine. The essential oil obtained from them is also considered to be a phytoncide. The morphological and anatomical characters of glandular trichomes located on the sepals of R. rugosa were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Using histochemical tests, the type of secretion produced in the trichomes was determined and its contents were compared with the secretion produced by the papillae on the petals.It was found that multicellular glandular trichomes, having the features of colleters, and non-glandular trichomes were located on the abaxial epidermis, while only non-glandular trichomes were situated on the adaxial epidermis. The stalk cells of the glandular trichomes are arranged in multiple rows, whereas the epidermal cells of the head are arranged radially. The capitate trichomes were classified into two types: short and long trichomes. The largest density of glandular trichomes was recorded in the basal abaxial epidermis and in the middle part of the sepals. During the initial stages of bud development, the glandular hairs were green colored, whereas in the next development stages they changed the color to red. The histochemical tests used allowed us to find that the trichomes on the sepals and the papille on the petals produced lipid substances, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Sesquiterpenes were found only in the secretion of the glandular hairs on the sepals.

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Morphology, distribution, and histochemistry of trichomes of Thymus lykae Degen & Jav. (Lamiaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0804667m ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 667-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marija Marin ◽

Snezana Budimir ◽

Dusica Janosevic ◽

P.D. Marin ◽

Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Scanning Electron

Micromorphology, distribution, and histochemistry of the trichomes of Thymus lykae were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and confocal laser scanning electron microscopy (CLSM). The leaves, stem, and calyx bear numerous glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Two types of glandular trichomes are identified - peltate and capitate. Results of histochemical tests showed positive reactions to polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Yellow autofluorescence of secreted material was noticed in peltate and capitate trichomes. Strong reddish-yellow autofluorescence of the lipophilic and hydrophilic secreted material was observed with CLSM.

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Effect of land use on the phytoplankton community of Pampean shallow lakes of the Salado River basin (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Aquatic Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10452-021-09835-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Laura Sánchez ◽

María Romina Schiaffino ◽

Martín Graziano ◽

Paula Huber ◽

Leonardo Lagomarsino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

River Basin ◽

Shallow Lakes ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Salado River ◽

Pampean Shallow Lakes

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Soil Water Surplus in Salado River Basin and Its Variability during the Last Forty Years (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Water ◽

10.3390/w3010132 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 132-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olga Eugenia Scarpati ◽

Liliana Beatriz Spescha ◽

Juan Alberto Forte Lay ◽

Alberto Daniel Capriolo

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

River Basin ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Water Surplus ◽

Salado River

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Morphoanatomy, histochemistry and crystals of the underground system of Baccharis notosergila (Asteraceae)

Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica ◽

10.31055/1851.2372.v54.n4.24930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 519-532

Author(s):

Alejandra V Carbone ◽

Federico E Fernández ◽

Marcelo P Hernández ◽

Ana M Arambarri

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Bud Bank ◽

Secretory Structures ◽

Shoot Bud ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Underground System ◽

Salado River ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

And Storage

Background and aims: Baccharis notosergila is presented as a productivity-reducing weed in the fields of the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The aims of this work were: to describe the structure of the underground system, the origin of sprouts, locate the secretory structures and storage substance to understand the adaptation strategies of this species as well as its ability to withstand chemical and mechanical control. M&M: The collected material was examined with conventional optical microscopy techniques. Histochemical tests to identify secondary metabolites were performed, and crystals were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope. Results: The subterranean system found was a xylopodium which has high shoot bud-forming potential. Storage substance was found to be inulin. Test for starch was negative. Resins and lipids (oil drops) were identified in ducts of roots; tannins and crystals of calcium oxalate were also found in the xylopodium and roots. Conclusions: The presence of these characteristics on the underground systems could explain the frequency of this species in the floristic from Salado river basin in which alternate periods of 2 high humidity and drought. The belowground bud bank would be important to B. notosergila survival in this area with extreme climatic factors, and its resistance to mechanical and chemical control. Understanding the anatomical features of these plants is one of the steps to appropriate management of this species in the Salado river basin.

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Lichens found on the bridge "La Postrera" across the Salado river, Cháscomús (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

RILEM International Conference on Microbial Impact on Building Materials ◽

10.1617/2351580184.008 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

V. G. Rosato

Keyword(s):

Buenos Aires ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Salado River

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Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4166

Author(s):

Agata Konarska ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽

Aneta Sulborska ◽

Beata Polak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

High Performance ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Trichome Types ◽

First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

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