scholarly journals Reproductive cycle of the endemic and threatened fish Puntius shalynius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Meghalaya, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisnam Manorama ◽  
Sunkam NarayanaIyengar Ramanujam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
June July ◽  
First Time

Puntius shalynius is a highly endemic freshwater minor carp that is economicallyimportant and is threatened because of its ornamental value. The present investigationevaluated this barb gonadal maturation, based on morphology and spawning of this species inthe Umiam river, Meghalaya, India. The population of this indigenous fish has declined due toits fragmented distribution and exploitation as an ornamental fish. The reproductive cycle ofP. shalynius was studied for the first time. A total of 609 fish samples were randomlycollected from the river for a period of two years during January 2010 and December 2011.Five maturity phases (rest, primary growth, secondary growth, ripe and spent) were observedon the basis of ovarian and testicular macroscopic evaluation throughout the annual cycle.Peak spawning activity was observed in the month of June/July and it coincided with the startof the monsoon season. The study showed that the fish spawns once in a year with singlespawning peak and that the species is a low fecund fish. It is important to conserve thisspecies for its unique ecological value and urgent management policies should promote itssustainable utilization.

scholarly journals Ecological status and diversity indices of Panchaule (Dactylorhiza hatagirea) and its associates in Lete village of Mustang district, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Khadka ◽  
A. L. Hammet ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
M. K. Balla ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Illegal Harvesting ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
June July ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
Rheum Australe

This paper focuses on the ecological status and diversity indices: Simson’s Index (C), Simson’s Index of Dominance (D) and Shannon-Weaver Index (H) of Dactylorhiza hatagirea and its associates- Rheum australe and Rumex nepalensis in Lete village of Mustang District within the Annapurna Conservation Area. The study was conducted during the monsoon season (June/July) of 2013 in the Lete VDC of Mustang District. The study site possessed an area of 4.5 ha. Altogether, 100 circular plots, each with 25 m2 area, were laid out purposively within the study area; the sampling intensity being 5.55%. The relative frequency, the relative density, the abundance, the relative coverage and the Important Value Index of the species were found to be 61.11, 53.91, 1,061.54, 72.2 and 187.24 respectively. Similarly, the Simson’s Index (C), the Simson’s Index of Dominance (D) and the Shannon-Weaver Index of the species were found to be 0.41, 0.59 and 3.27 respectively, indicating relatively even and relatively diverse community. The study showed relatively higher values of all the parameters of D. hatagirea as compared to its associates indicating good ecological value. However, threats remain due to the illegal harvesting of this valuable orchid and overgrazing in the study site.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 45-52, 2016

scholarly journals Cloudburst events observed over Uttarakhand during monsoon season 2017 and their analysis

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
BIKRAM SINGH ◽  
ROHIT THAPLIYAL
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
North Pakistan ◽  
June July ◽  
Head Bay Of Bengal

Cloudburst is an extreme weather event characterised by the occurrence of a large amount of rainfall over a small area within a short span of time with a rainfall of 100 mm or more in one hour. It is responsible for flash flood, inundation of low lying areas and landslides in hills causing extensive damages to life and property. During monsoon season 2017 five number of cloudburst events are observed over Uttarakhand and analysed. Self Recording Rain Gauge (SRRG) and 15 minutes interval data from the newly installed General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based Automatic Weather Station (AWS) are able to capture the cloudburst events over some areas in Uttarakhand. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the significant synoptic and thermodynamic conditions associated with the occurrence of the cloudburst events in Uttarakhand. These 5 cases of cloudburst events that are captured during the month of June, July and August 2017 in Uttarakhand are studied in detail. Synoptically, it is observed that the existence of trough at mean sea level from Punjab to head Bay of Bengal running close to Uttarakhand, the movement of Western Disturbance over north Pakistan and adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and existence of cyclonic circulation over north Rajasthan and neighbourhood are favourable conditions. Also, the presence of strong south-westerly wind flow from the Arabian Sea across West Rajasthan and Haryana on upper air charts are found during these events. Thermodynamically, the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) is found to be high (more than 1100 J/Kg) during most of the cases and vertically integrated precipitable water content (PWC) is more than 55mm. The GPRS based AWS system can help in prediction of the cloud burst event over the specified location with a lead time upto half to one hour in association with radar products.  

scholarly journals Reproduction biology of Abe's flyingfish, Cheilopogon abei Parin, 1996 in Geser East Seram Strait Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Friesland Tuapetel
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
June July

Eco-biological information of Cheilopogon abei in Geser Streit is unknown. The objective of this research is to observe the sex ratio, first size maturity, gonad maturity and gonado somatic index (GSI) with fecundity of flying fish Ch abei in Geser East Seram Strait waters. Sampling was done for ten months started from February to November 2018, using gill net measuring 1.50 inch. All fish samples were measured in fork length and weighted so dissected to make observations on the level of gonad maturity and the number of eggs in female fish. A total of 682 flying fish was found during the study with a fork length range of 182.6-243.3 mm and a weight of 73.98-115.45 g. The results of the analysis showed that the proportion of the number of male fish was less than that of the female fish for almost every month of observation. The first size gonad mature of male and female is 210.5 mm and 214.1 mm FL. The gonad maturity index of male fish ranges from 0,963-7,967 and female fish ranges 1,315-8,069, the total fecundity is 2321-9438 eggs. Gonads of ripe fish in each month of observation. The spawning peak of Ch abei takes place in June-July and it is hoped that no arrests will be made in both months, to ensure the sustainability of the stock.

scholarly journals The fishes of the Bolaman Stream, Northern Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Serkan Saygun
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

In this study, the fish species inhabiting the Bolaman Stream drains to the Black Sea from the Fatsa coast (Ordu Province, Turkey) was reported for the first time. The study was caught out non-periodically by sampling from seven stations in the Bolaman Stream between July 2017 and November 2018. Fish samples were captured with an electroshock device. With this study, it was determined that the fish fauna of the Bolaman Stream is represented by 10 species in five families (Acheilognothidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, and Salmonidae). These species were as follows, respectively Rhodeus amarus, Barbus tauricus, Capoeta banarescui, Neogobius fluviatilis, Ponticola turani, Alburnus derjugini, Squalius cephalus, Vimba vimba, Alburnoides fasciatus, and Salmo coruhensis.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Fish diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in Kamala River, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumnima Ghimire ◽  
Narayan Koju
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Ordination Method ◽  
Baseline Information

Ghimire S, Koju NP. 2021. Short Communication: Fish diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in Kamala River, Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 4865-4871. Kamala River originates from the lower part of the Mahabharat range and flows through inner to outer Terai, providing a broad range of ecosystem services; provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. However, the information regarding the environmental factors and species diversity in the river is not available enough. Hence the study aimed to explore baseline information on the diversity and abundance of fish and their relation to environmental variables. The fish diversity was assessed in five sections of Kamala River and correlated with different environmental variables. The study was carried out during September- October 2019, marking the post-monsoon season of Nepal. Fish samples were collected using cast nets, and physiochemical parameters were analysed onsite and in the laboratory. Altogether 19 freshwater fish species belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 15 genera were recorded. Cyprinids were the most dominant in the river, while Channids, Mastacembelids, Botiids, Sisorids, Gobiids were represented less. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination method revealed that species variation was correlated with temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and nitrate. Nonetheless, different river sections were disturbed due to mining, deforestation, and construction activities, which could pose a real threat to fish diversity and population, and other aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Impact of the Desert dust on the summer monsoon system over Southwestern North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3717-3731 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zhao ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
L. R. Leung
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Moisture Fluxes ◽  
June July

Abstract. The radiative forcing of dust emitted from the Southwest United States (US) deserts and its impact on monsoon circulation and precipitation over the North America monsoon (NAM) region are simulated using a coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model (WRF-Chem) for 15 years (1995–2009). During the monsoon season, dust has a cooling effect (−0.90 W m−2) at the surface, a warming effect (0.40 W m−2) in the atmosphere, and a negative top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) forcing (−0.50 W m−2) over the deserts on 24-h average. Most of the dust emitted from the deserts concentrates below 800 hPa and accumulates over the western slope of the Rocky Mountains and Mexican Plateau. The absorption of shortwave radiation by dust heats the lower atmosphere by up to 0.5 K day−1 over the western slope of the Mountains. Model sensitivity simulations with and without dust for 15 summers (June-July-August) show that dust heating of the lower atmosphere over the deserts strengthens the low-level southerly moisture fluxes on both sides of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It also results in an eastward migration of NAM-driven moisture convergence over the western slope of the Mountains. These monsoonal circulation changes lead to a statistically significant increase of precipitation by up to ~40 % over the eastern slope of the Mountains (Arizona-New~Mexico-Texas regions). This study highlights the interaction between dust and the NAM system and motivates further investigation of possible dust feedback on monsoon precipitation under climate change and the mega-drought conditions projected for the future.

Biological Sampling and Analysis Procedures for the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) in Iraq

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Special Commission ◽  
Biological Sampling ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
June July ◽  
A Site ◽  
First Time ◽  
Production Facilities

In June/July 1994, I was fortunate in having been selected by the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) to be the chief inspector (CI) of one of the most interesting inspections conducted by the commission, namely UNSCOM 84/BW6. This particular inspection was fascinating because of its complexity—the team not only conducted inspections of Iraqi biological research and production facilities, it also excavated a site that UNSCOM surmised might contain materials from Iraq's former BW program. As such, this inspection was the first time that UNSCOM collected environmental samples for analysis. In this paper I discuss my experiences during this inspection and comment on the effectiveness of sampling and analysis as a verification measure.

Reproductive cycle of Bolinus brandaris and penis and genital duct size variations in a population affected by imposex

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Ramón ◽  
María José Amor
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Genital Duct ◽  
Penis Length ◽  
June July ◽  
A Site ◽  
Bolinus Brandaris

The reproductive cycle of Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated. Specimens were sampled monthly from a site off Sant Carles de la Ràpita, in the western Mediterranean, between February 1999 and March 2000. A pattern was observed in the reproductive cycle, with two reproductive peaks (April and June–July). The first stages of gametogenesis began in September for males and November for females. Mature males were found from December to April and from June to July. Maximum ripening in females was attained at the end of June and during July, coinciding with the spawning season. In May, there was a resting stage in females, and for both sexes from August to October.Males exhibited variation in penis length and vas deferens width related to the reproductive cycle. Sizes of both dimensions increased as maturation progressed. The variation was not found in imposex females.

scholarly journals Development of successive cambia and wood structure in stem of Rivea hypocriteriformis (Convolvulaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Successive Cambia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

Abstract This study examined the formation of successive rings of cambia in Rivea hypocriteriformis Choisy (Convolvulaceae). The mature stem is composed of four to five rings of xylem alternating with phloem. Successive cambia originate as smaller and larger segments; union and anastomosing of small cambial segments often leads to the formation of discontinuous rings. In the initial stage of growth, several vascular bundles interconnect to form the first ring of vascular cambium. The cambium remains functional for one complete season and becomes dormant during summer; a new ring of cambium is completed prior to the subsequent monsoon season and sprouting of new leaves. Successive cambia are initiated from the pericyclic parenchyma situated three to four cell layers outside of the protophloem. Functionally, all the successive cambia are bidirectional and produce secondary xylem centripetally and phloem centrifugally. The secondary xylem is diffuse-porous, with indistinct growth rings and consisting of wide fibriform vessels, fibre tracheids, and axial and ray parenchyma cells. The xylem rays are uni- to multiseriate and heterocellular. The multiseriate rays contain lignified marginal ray cells and thin-walled, unlignified central cells. The central ray cells also show accumulations of starch and druses. Discrete strands of intraxylary phloem occur at the periphery of the pith, and additional intraxylary phloem develops from adjacent cells as secondary growth progresses. Earlier-formed phloem shows heavy accumulation of callose, followed by its compaction. The development of successive cambia is correlated with extension growth and with the phenology of the plant.

Untold Tales of Goats in Deadly Indian Monsoons: Adapt or Rain-Retreat under Global Warming?

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650001 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Niggol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Monsoon Variability ◽  
Monsoon System ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
First Time

This paper examines the unique characteristics of the monsoon climate system and whether Indian farmers can adapt to an even deadlier monsoon climate caused by global climatic shifts. This paper shows that the monsoon climate system can be best captured by the Monsoon Variability Index (MVI) constructed by the present author which is defined as the coefficient of variation in the ratio of monsoon rainfall over non-monsoon rainfall for the 40-year period from 1971 to 2010. Monthly precipitation data are based on the observations at 304 weather stations located across India. This paper shows that the traditional measures of the monsoon climate such as monsoon precipitation do not explain the Indian farmers’ behaviors in response to the climate system. Second, this paper shows that the number of goats owned by farm households increases as the MVI increases, that is, as the monsoon climate intensifies. This paper finds that 50% increase in the MVI leads to 23% increase in the number of goats owned by farms. This means that farmers adapt to even the deadliest climate system, i.e., the monsoon system which often leaves millions of people homeless or dead in a single year. Third, this paper finds that the number of sheep owned declines as monsoon rainfall intensifies but increases if the non-monsoon season temperature warms up. The sheep number is not sensitive to changes in the MVI. This paper shows for the first time the ways farmers adapt to the deadly monsoon climate system. Past studies of climate change and agriculture in India are re-evaluated based on the results and policy implications are described.

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