scholarly journals Isolated and combined effects of a submerged macrophyte and a cladoceran on the interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) and Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1288
Author(s):  
Vitor Ricardo de Souza ◽  
Cihelio Alves Amorim ◽  
Ariadne Do Nascimento Moura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Submerged Macrophyte ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata

Introduction: Cyanobacterial blooms in tropical water bodies are increasingly common, because of eutrophication and rising temperatures. Consequently, many freshwater systems are affected, by reducing water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. With the increased frequency of harmful algal blooms, the development of biological tools to improve water quality is an urgent issue. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a submerged macrophyte and a cladoceran on the microcystin-producing cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (NPLJ-4) and the chlorophyte Raphidocelis subcapitata (BMIUFRPE-02) in mixed cultures. Methods: Two parallel experiments were carried out for ten days to evaluate the effects of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum and the cladoceran Moina micrura on microalgal interactions. Microalgal strains were cultivated in the ASM1 culture medium, under controlled laboratory conditions. The first experiment presented four treatments: M (C. demersum), Z (M. micrura), MZ (C. demersum and M. micrura), and C (control). Meanwhile, the second experiment consisted of five treatments, in which the microalgae were cultivated together at different Microcystis:Raphidocelis ratios: 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1. Biomass and growth rates of the strains were evaluated every two days, which were statistically treated with three-way or two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: In the first experiment, M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited in M and MZ treatments from the second day, and Z from the fourth, while R. subcapitata showed no reduction in its biomass in any treatment. On the other hand, R. subcapitata was stimulated from the eighth and tenth days in M treatment and only on the eighth day in Z treatment. In the second experiment, M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited when cultivated with R. subcapitata in low ratios (Microcystis:Raphidocelis ratio of 1:3) throughout the experiment, while the chlorophyte was stimulated in that treatment. Conclusions: The coexistence of a cyanobacterium with a green alga did not alter the main negative response of M. aeruginosa to the submerged macrophyte and zooplankton but stimulated the green alga. Accordingly, the introduction of submerged macrophytes and cladocerans already adapted to eutrophic conditions, both isolated and combined, proved to be a good method to control cyanobacterial blooms without negatively affecting other coexisting phytoplankton species.

scholarly journals Nutrient Loading and Viral Memory Drive Accumulation of Restriction Modification Systems in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon E. Papoulis ◽  
Steven W. Wilhelm ◽  
David Talmy ◽  
Erik R. Zinser
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Restriction Modification ◽  
Restriction Modification Systems

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused by cyanobacteria like Microcystis aeruginosa , are a global threat to water quality and use across the planet. Researchers have agreed that nutrient loading is a major contributor to HAB persistence.

Flocculation Removal of Microcystis Aeruginosa by Chitosan-Bentonite Compound Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 1381-1384
Author(s):  
Bin Guo Zheng ◽  
Wei Gong Peng ◽  
Ji Biao Zhang ◽  
Zheng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Compound Material

Harmful algal blooms have long been an issue worldwide owing to their adverse effects on drinking water treatment processes as well as drinking water quality. In this paper, chitosan-bentonite compound material was prepared by the supporting of chitosan on pillared bentonite and used for removal of harmful algae from water. The results showed that the compound material was effective for the removal of cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. on phytoplankton species: contrasting effects between cyanobacteria and chlorophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihelio Alves Amorim ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Moura-Falcão ◽  
Celina Rebeca Valença ◽  
Vitor Ricardo de Souza ◽  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Abstract Aim To assess the allelopathic effects of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum on four strains of phytoplankton species: two cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa - microcystin producing and M. panniformis - non-microcystin producing), and two chlorophytes (Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Raphidocelis subcapitata). Methods A coexistence experiment between C. demersum and the four strains was carried out for six days, with eight treatments and three replicates. The strains were cultivated in ASM1 culture medium, under controlled laboratory conditions. Two treatments were assigned for each strain, one with 6 g.L-1 of the macrophyte, and the control without the plant. Biomasses and growth rates of the strains were evaluated every two days, which were compared through the T-test and two-way ANOVA, respectively. Results The results varied among the strains, with toxic M. aeruginosa being intensely inhibited by C. demersum, with a decrease of 99.5% in its biomass (p<0.001), while non-toxic M. panniformis was less affected by the allelochemicals, with a reduction of 86.2% (p<0.001). Ankistrodesmus falcatus delayed its growth when in coexistence with the macrophyte, decreasing its biomass in 50.4% (p<0.01), while R. subcapitata was not altered (p>0.05). In coexistence with C. demersum, M. aeruginosa exhibited the lowest growth rates (-0.65 d-1), followed by M. panniformis (-0.15 d-1), A. falcatus (0.19 d-1), and R. subcapitata (0.34 d-1), with significant differences between all strains (p<0.001). Microcystis aeruginosa presented higher inhibition rates than M. panniformis (p<0.001), as well as, A. falcatus was more inhibited than R. subcapitata (p<0.05). Conclusions The presence of microcystins could influence the allelopathic responses of C. demersum, that may release more allelochemicals in coexistence with toxic strains of M. aeruginosa. Accordingly, C. demersum can be used in biomanipulation strategies to control toxic and non-toxic cyanobacterial blooms, without damaging other phytoplankton species, like chlorophytes.

scholarly journals Growth of Microcystis strains isolated from environments with the presence and absence of submerged macrophytes in coexistence with Ceratophyllum demersum

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e57734
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Moura-Falcão ◽  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Cihelio Alves Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Submerged Macrophyte ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
And Control

Cyanobacterial blooms can cause severe ecological and health problems in drinking water reservoirs. To alleviate this problem, allelopathically active submerged macrophytes can be used to reduce cyanobacterial growth. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of strains of the Microcystis aeruginosa complex isolated from reservoirs with the presence and absence of submerged macrophytes to the allelochemicals of Ceratophyllum demersum. A coexistence experiment was carried out between the submerged macrophyte C. demersum and four Microcystis strains, with two treatments for each strain, one in coexistence with the submerged macrophyte (7 g L-1) and control (in the absence of the macrophyte). Two strains of M. aeruginosa (BMIUFRPE-06 and BMIUFRPE-07) and two of M. panniformis (BMIUFRPE-08 and BMIUFRPE-09) were used, which were isolated from Cajueiro (with submerged macrophytes) and Tapacurá (without submerged macrophytes) reservoirs, respectively. The biomass of Microcystis strains from the reservoir without macrophytes (BMIUFRPE-08 and BMIUFRPE-09) was significantly inhibited in 96% (T-test: p < 0.01) and 74% (T-test: p< 0.05), when compared to the control, respectively, with lower values of growth rates (ANOVA: p < 0.05). The strains isolated from the reservoir with macrophytes (BMIUFRPE-06 and BMIUFRPE-07) showed a growth delay (biomass reductions of 44 and 58%, respectively) in the coexistence treatment but without significant difference from the control on the sixth day of the experiment (biomass - T-test: p > 0.05; growth rate - ANOVA: p > 0.05). These results suggest that strains isolated from environments with submerged macrophytes are less sensitive to allelochemicals of these plants, as these strains may be adapted to the coexistence with submerged macrophytes.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa Co-Cultured with Algicidal Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8615
Author(s):  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Algicidal Bacteria ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Harmful algal blooms caused huge ecological damage and economic losses around the world. Controlling algal blooms by algicidal bacteria is expected to be an effective biological control method. The current study investigated the molecular mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria disrupted by algicidal bacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa was co-cultured with Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj, and RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed compared to M. aeruginosa, which was cultivated separately. A total of 1706 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In the co-cultured group, the expression of genes mainly enriched in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly inhibited. However, the expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis increased. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, was increased. These results suggested that B. laterosporus could block the electron transport by attacking the PSI system and complex I of M. aeruginosa, affecting the energy acquisition and causing oxidative damage. This further led to the lipid peroxidation of the microalgal cell membrane, resulting in algal death. The transcriptional analysis of algicidal bacteria in the interaction process can be combined to explain the algicidal mechanism in the future.

scholarly journals Where's the Grass? Disappearing Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Declining Water Quality in Lake Mattamuskeet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Moorman ◽  
Tom Augspurger ◽  
John D. Stanton ◽  
Adam Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Current Water

Abstract Major threats to aquatic systems such as shallow lakes can include declining water quality, the loss of macrophyte beds, and the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Often, these changes go unnoticed until a shift from a clear, oligotrophic system dominated by macrophyte beds to a turbid, eutrophic system dominated by phytoplankton and associated harmful algal blooms has occurred. Lake Mattamuskeet, which mostly lies within the boundary of Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, is a shallow lake that has recently experienced a reduction in water clarity and macrophyte beds, also referred to as submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), and an increase in nutrients, phytoplankton, harmful algal blooms, and cyanotoxin production. At Lake Mattamuskeet, SAV coverage and water clarity declined between the 1980s and 2015. During the same time, significantly increasing trends in nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity, suspended sediments, chlorophyll a, and pH occurred. Current water-quality conditions (2012–2015) are not conducive to SAV survival and, in some cases, do not meet North Carolina water-quality standards for the protection of aquatic life. Water clarity declines appear to predate the SAV die-offs on the east side. Moving forward, SAV will serve as a primary indicator for lake health; and lake monitoring, research, and management efforts will focus on the restoration of aquatic grasses and water quality at Lake Mattamuskeet.

scholarly journals Quantifying Scales of Spatial Variability of Cyanobacteria in a Large, Eutrophic Lake Using Multiplatform Remote Sensing Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Sharp ◽  
Alexander L. Forrest ◽  
Keith Bouma-Gregson ◽  
Yufang Jin ◽  
Alicia Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Effort

Harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria are increasing in magnitude and frequency globally, degrading inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems and adversely affecting public health. Efforts to understand the structure and natural variability of these blooms range from point sampling methods to a wide array of remote sensing tools. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of cyanobacterial blooms in Clear Lake, California — a shallow, polymictic, naturally eutrophic lake with a long record of episodic cyanobacteria blooms. To understand the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms, we evaluated a satellite remote sensing tool for estimating coarse cyanobacteria distribution with coincident, in situ measurements at varying scales and resolutions. The Cyanobacteria Index (CI) remote sensing algorithm was used to estimate cyanobacterial abundance in the top portion of the water column from data acquired from the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensor on the Sentinel-3a satellite. We collected hyperspectral data from a handheld spectroradiometer; discrete 1 m integrated surface samples for chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin; multispectral imagery from small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) flights (∼12 cm resolution); Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) measurements of chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and colored dissolved organic matter (∼10 cm horizontal spacing, 1 m below the water surface); and meteorological forcing and lake temperature data to provide context to our cyanobacteria measurements. A semivariogram analysis of the high resolution AUV and sUAS data found the Critical Scale of Variability for cyanobacterial blooms to range from 70 to 175 m, which is finer than what is resolvable by the satellite data. We thus observed high spatial variability within each 300 m satellite pixel. Finally, we used the field spectroscopy data to evaluate the accuracy of both the original and revised CI algorithm. We found the revised CI algorithm was not effective in estimating cyanobacterial abundance for our study site. Satellite-based remote sensing tools are vital to researchers and water managers as they provide consistent, high-coverage data at a low cost and sampling effort. The findings of this research support continued development and refinement of remote sensing tools, which are essential for satellite monitoring of harmful algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs.

scholarly journals Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Future Work

Control of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays a significant role in preventing cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This study aimed at evaluating changes in the risk of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and advancing the understanding of how N and P affect the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake, Lake Vombsj&ouml;n, in southern Sweden. Statistical analysis was used to demonstrate the pattern of cyanobacterial blooms, that the highest content present in September and the later that algal blooms occur, the more likely it is a cyanobacterial bloom as cyanobacteria became dominating in October and November (90%). Two hypothesises tested in Lake Vombsj&ouml;n confirmed namely that a high total phosphorus (TP) level correlates with an abundance of cyanobacteria and that low N:P ratio (total nitrogen/total phosphorus &lt; 20) favours the growth of cyanobacteria. To control the growth of cyanobacteria in Lake Vombsj&ouml;n, the TP level should be kept below 20 &micro;g/L and the N:P ratio be maintained at a level of over 20. The two species Planktothrix agardhii, and Pseudanabaena spp. should be carefully monitored especially in late autumn. Future work should consider any high degree of leakage from the sediment of the dissolved phosphorus available there.

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