scholarly journals Fare inequities in public transit system in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Cristhian Santiago Quirós Calderón ◽  
Jonathan Agüero-Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
In Transit

Problems in transit fare equity affect the daily commute of specific groups that depend mostly on public transportation. Previous studies showed that some routes present operational characteristics that increased the price charged to the users. To address this issue, a methodology to identify the routes that have fares much higher than expected, after considering operational parameters, is developed. This paper presents a methodology implemented to evaluate fare inequities in public transport networks. The case study is the bus public transport network in Costa Rica. The evaluation is performed using fare per kilometer as independent variable and operational variables, such as route length, monthly ridership and vehicle occupancy by using cluster analysis and Bayesian multilevel modelling. The results indicate that random coefficients models perform better than independent models for clustered data. Furthermore, the routes with higher differences between observed and estimated (i.e. expected) fares are the ones to be addressed first in individual audits, because these are the routes who charge higher operational costs into the fare, increasing inequity among the population.

Empirical Analysis of New Urban Rail Transit System of Planning Convergence

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Zhang ◽  
Si Ru Chen ◽  
Zhong Hai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Mega Cities

Rail transit is one of the most important public transport facilities to achieve new urbanization and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and is the most effective and feasible method to solve traffic problems of largest urban region in our country. This article exemplified by developed areas of the mega-cities of Foshan III rail transportation planning, general requirements have been put forward based on the convergence of demand forecasting from four aspects —rail traffic levels, differentiation, systematization and standardization; At the same time it also propose convergence countermeasures for land-use development, road network system, public transportation systems, cars, slow traffic systems, transport policy; What’s more, this article summarizes features of large urban rail transit convergence planning and provides guidance and reference on China's mega-cities’ construction of an integrated public transport system planning.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC TRIP PLANNER FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Transport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Abhishek Basu ◽  
Bharathi Raja ◽  
Rony Gracious ◽  
Lelitha Vanajakshi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Trip Planner ◽  
Chennai City

This paper reports the development of a public transport trip planner to help the urban traveller in planning and preparing for his commute using public transportation in the city. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach that handles real-time Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data from buses of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) in Chennai City (India) has been used to develop the planner. The GA has been shown to provide good solutions within the problem’s computation time constraints. The developed trip planner has been implemented for static network data first and subsequently extended to use real-time data. The “walk mode” and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) have also been included in the geospatial database to extend the route-planner’s capabilities. The algorithm has subsequently been segmented to speed up the prediction process. In addition, a temporal cache has also been introduced during implementation, to handle multiple queries generated simultaneously. The results showed that there is promise for scalability and citywide implementation for the proposed real-time route-planner. The uncertainty and poor service quality perceived with public transport bus services in India could potentially be mitigated by further developments in the route-planner introduced in this paper.

scholarly journals Rationalizing Urban Transportation using Smart Card Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
The Impact

The urban population in 2014 accounted for 54% of the total global population, up from 34% in 1960, and continues to grow. The global urban population is expected to grow approximately 1.84%, 1.63% and 1.44% between 2015 and 2020, 2020 and 2025, and 2025 and 2030 respectively. This growing population puts pressure on government not only to accommodate the current and potential citizens but also provide them facilities and services for a better living standard. Providing a sustainable growing environment for the citizens is the biggest challenge for the government. As the populations increase, complexity network of transportation, water and sanitation, emergency services, etc. will increase many folds. SMART CITY Mission is being implemented to resolve this issue. As the cities turn smart, so should the transportation facilities. India on June 2018 had only 20 cities with populations of over 500,000 have organized public transport systems, pointing to the large gap to be bridged in their journey to turn smart. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of smart card data from public transport for improving the predictions and planning of public transport usage and congestions. The mobile apps like M-Indicator, Google Maps don’t interlink, do not have a real time tracking of vehicles, fare distribution, congestion-based route mapping for public transportation. These factors are addressed in the paper with its advantages and disadvantages. This paper also talks about how information from smart card is to be extracted, how Big Data is to be managed and finally come to a smart, sustainable Urban Transit System. This paper also brings into light the data security issues and measures to curb those issues. This paper proposes and emphasizes on a single smart card for all modes of public transport

Reshaping the Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Stephanie Pollack ◽  
Anna Gartsman ◽  
Timothy Reardon ◽  
Meghna Hari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

The American Public Transportation Association's use of a “land use multiplier” as part of its methodology for calculating greenhouse gas reduction from transit has increased interest in methodologies that quantify the impact of transit systems on land use and vehicle miles traveled. Such transit leverage, however, is frequently evaluated for urbanized areas, although transit systems serve only a small proportion of those areas. If transit leverage is stronger in areas closer to transit stations, studies based on larger geographies may underestimate land use and travel behavior effects in transit-served areas. A geographic information system–based data set was developed to understand better the leverage effects associated with the mature and extensive Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority transit system in areas proximate to its stations throughout Metropolitan Boston. The region was divided into the subregion that was transit-proximate (within a half mile of a rapid transit station or key bus route), the portion that was commuter rail–proximate, and the remaining 93.3% of the region that was not proximate to high-frequency transit. Households in the transit-proximate subregion were significantly more likely to commute by transit (and walking or biking), less likely to own a car, and drove fewer miles than households in the non-transit-served areas of the region. Commuter rail–proximate areas, although denser than the region as a whole, exhibited more driving and car ownership than regional averages. Given these spatial and modal variations, future efforts to understand transit leverage should separately evaluate land use and travel effects by mode and proximity to transit stations.

scholarly journals Public Transport Accessibility: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atiullah Saif ◽  
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh ◽  
Adam Torok
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Considerable Impact

Accessibility is one of the most important outcomes of the transportation system. Public transport can be more attractive by providing "Door to door mobility" and development of transportation services is an important factor of social quality. Public transport accessibility has gained vital importance in designing and evaluating the transit system in terms of mobility and sustainability. Apart from the transport system itself, public transport accessibility has the considerable impact on life satisfaction in the form of perceived accessibility. Moreover, researchers have revealed several impact and correlation of provision of public transport accessibility to the environment and daily life which would have a noticeable impact on public health and other aspects of public daily life. Furthermore, the correlation between public transport accessibility and job opportunities has attracted the researchers' attention in the literature. Also, public participation in social activities has been investigated based on public transport accessibility and their close connection has been revealed under the topic of social exclusion. In this paper, the available literature on public transport accessibility has been reviewed. As a conclusion, it should be highlighted that not just the performance of public transportation but its impact on other social aspects should be considered while planning the public transport facilities.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING GIS-BASED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT SYSTEM IN TEHRAN CITY

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
H. Faroqi ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Niaraki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Fellow Traveller ◽  
Public Transportation System

Create, maintain and development of public transport network in metropolitan are important problems in the field of urban transport management. In public transport, maximize the efficient use of public fleet capacity has been considered. Concepts and technologies of GIS have provided suitable way for management and optimization of the public transports systems. In demand-responsive public transportation system, firstly fellow traveller groups have been established for applicants based on spatial concepts and tools of GIS, second for each group according to its’ members and their paths, a public vehicle has been allocated to them then based on dynamic routing, the fellow passenger group has been gathered from their origins and has been moved to their destinations through optimal route. The suggested system has been implemented based on network data and commuting trips statistics of 1 to 6 districts in Tehran city. Evaluation performed on the results show the 34% increase using of Taxi capacity, 13% increase using of Van capacity and 10% increase using of Bus capacity in comparison between current public transport system and suggested public transportation system has been improved.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pola Penggunaan Otomotif Angkutan Umum Perkotaan Terhadap Hilangnya Kapasitas Baterai Berbahan Lead Acid Secara Prematur

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Juang Pratama ◽  
Hamzah Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Positive Mass ◽  
Depth Of Discharge ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Excessive Load ◽  
Lead Acid

<p><em>Abstract<strong> – </strong></em><strong>Baterai berbahan <em>Lead Acid</em> (BLA) digunakan pada hampir semua kendaraan termasuk angkutan umum beroda empat. Kecepatan penuaan pada proses penuan BLA sangat dipengaruhi oleh cara penggunaan BLA. Pengisian yang berlebihan, akan mengakibatkan korosi dan mempercepat  penguapan  air. Bertambahannya siklus pembebanan dalam (<em>depth of discharge</em>), degradasi massa postifif akan terakselerasi. Beberapa kerusakan Selain itu pembebanan yang berlebihan juga akan mengakibatkan lepasnya masa positif dari grid karena proses pembebanan BLA yang melebihi seharusnya. Keawetan BLA pada Angkutan umum perkotaan sangat ditentukan pola penggunaannya. Karakteristik operasional yang sering menuntut kendaraan berhenti akan memiliki pengaruh jenis kerusakan tertentu pada komponen BLA Penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi karakterristikoperasional angkutan perkotaan. Dengan diketahuinya karakteristik operasionalnya maka dapat disiapkan langkah antisipatif dan prediktif  dalam hal perawatan dan penggunaan BLA sehingga masa servis BLA akan lebih panjang serta meningkatkan efisiensi biaya para pemilik angkutan perkotaan.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> – </strong><em>BLA (Lead Acid Battery), transportasi perkotaan, masa servis BLA</em><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract - </em><strong>Lead Acid batteries (BLA) is used for most of all public transport vehicles including four-wheel drive. Speed of aging battery  is strongly influenced by operational pattern and maintenance of public transport vihicle. Overcharging, will result in corrosion and accelerate the evaporation of water. With more loading cycles in the (depth of discharge), positive mass degradation will be accelerated. Moreove,  excessive load will also result in the release of a positive mass of the grid due to the excessive load can be taken by battery. The durability of the Battery on urban public transportation is also determined patterns of use. For example, operational characteristics a vehicle that often requires stopping  would have the effect of certain types of damage to the components of the battery.  This study will explore urban transport operational characteristics. By knowing the operational characteristics, a set of procedures can be set up in order to prevent premature loss of battery capacity. By using apropriate predictive maintenance procedure, the life span of battery will be longer, thus will  improve the cost efficiency for starter lead acid battery replacement. </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> – </strong><em>BLA (Lead Acid Battery), urban transport, service life BLA</em><strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals A Viability Study for Implementing Monorail as a Transit System for Urban Arterial Road: A Case Study of Ahmedabad.

10.29007/gbh7 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rewati Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Public Transportation Planning

The aim of this study is to investigate an novel mode of transportation from Sarkhej Circle Ahmedabad to Pathika Gandhinagar i.e. arterial road and how this system will be viable to four basic criteria: Technically, Economically, safety and Ecofriendly. This study gives modern concepts of a single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles, gives information about land use and public transportation planning, speed and movement. Monorail vehicles havebenefited from modern transit technology.The purpose of this Study is to investigate the viability of monorail as a new urban transit option along a corridor under study of section Sarkhej circle to Gandhinagar. The study is to determine that ―Monorail‖ a fixed guideway technology known ―Automated Guideway Transit‖ be a sustainable transport system which provide mobility and accessibility to all urban residents in a safe and environment friendly mode of transport. One alternative with the development of modern public transport system is monorail. A monorail as public transport very helpful for people in their daily activities also reduces the use of private vehicles and to reduce environmental pollution i.e. ecofriendly.

Who, What, When, and Where

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Legrain ◽  
Ron Buliung ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Geneidy
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Transit Use ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Public transportation agencies are faced with the difficult task of providing adequate service during peak travel periods while maintaining adequate service for those traveling off-peak or outside a city or region's densest areas. The ability or inability of a transit system to meet these needs helps explain transit ridership rates. This research sought to understand how daily fluctuations in transit service were related to ridership in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area, in Canada, for different segments of the labor force. Many variables—including frequency and proximity of transit service, socioeconomic status, the built environment, and accessibility to employment through transit—have been linked to transit use in past research. However, many previous studies focused only on travel during peak hours. This study investigated whether fluctuations in service and demand were related to transit ridership rates. With the use of six time periods, an improved understanding of daily variation in transit mode share for commuting trips was produced. With a further division of the commuting population into two employment wage categories, it was demonstrated that the common understanding of the influences on transit ridership was potentially misleading. Commuting transit mode share and the variables that influence it are intimately related to when travel is needed and to what jobs people are traveling. To encourage transit use, agencies and researchers need to take into account commuters’ need to commute at a variety of time periods.

Importance-Performance Analysis in Public Transportation: Methodological Revision for Practical Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rodriguez-Valencia ◽  
Daniel Rosas-Satizabal ◽  
David Paris
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
In Transit

Importance-performance analysis (IPA) is a common and accepted method used by service industries to improve their service and therefore increase customer satisfaction. In public transportation, it has been adopted to assess the attributes of transit system. To analyze the practical implementation of IPA in transit user satisfaction studies, an extensive literature review was carried out to identify challenges. Unlike the “performance” dimension, measuring “importance” is challenging, given the wide variety of approaches and specific methods. For practical application, choosing a specific method in a specific approach has diverse implications. Real-world transit user satisfaction surveys of three different bus transit (sub) systems in Bogotá were used to try, test, and compare results, methods, applications, and—from a practical perspective—to identify the pitfalls, risks, difficulties, advantages, and biases of using different techniques to measure importance in relation to public transportation services. At the end of the paper, the advantages and shortcomings of different importance measurement methods are synthesized, and easy-to-implement suggestions for practitioners are provided.

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