Economic aspects of lfa and organic farming payments in Latvia

Less favoured area (LFA) payments and organic farming (OF) payments represent a third of all public funding available for RDP 2007–2013 in Latvia and are used by about two- thirds of all farms. The aim of the study is to assess the economic impact of LFA and OF payments. The data from Rural Support Service, FADN and statistics of agricultural sector were used to conduct the study. A group of farms receiving support payments was compared with a group without this kind of support, in order to evaluate the impact of support payments. The results show that LFA payments have facilitated a significant income growth, especially for small farms. They have also contributed to more intense use of the land. Since OF support has not contributed enough to the agricultural production, direct payments to production will increase economic impact of support payments.

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The impact of the “greening” of the common agricultural policy on the financial situation of Polish farms

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2-3) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stefania Czekaj ◽

Edward Majewski ◽

Adam Was

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Ecological Focus Areas ◽

Environmental Component ◽

Effective Policy ◽

Direct Payments ◽

The Impact

This paper presents an assessment of the impacts of introducing the greening scenario of the CAP, proposed by the European Commission as an alternative for the reformed CAP after 2013. In the past, the CAP has undergone numerous transformations in response to the changing macroeconomic environment and in reaction to developments in the farming sectors in EU countries. On the 12th of October 2011, the Commission presented a set of legal proposals designed to make the CAP a more effective policy to encourage more competitive and sustainable agriculture and vibrant rural areas. The proposal brings various new elements under consideration, some of them raising strong controversies such as introducing “greening” as a component of direct payments. Changes in the direct payments scheme in line with the EC proposition include forcing adjustments in the cropping pattern and creating ecological focus areas (EFA) on 7% of the farm land ; the consequences of such a proposal on the size and structure of agricultural production, and thus on the economic performance of farms and the whole agricultural sector are uncertain. The authors analyse historical changes to the CAP with a focus on a growing importance of the environmental component of the CAP, discuss different scenarios of shaping the direct payments system and present the results of modelling the impacts of greening the CAP on the Polish farming sector with the use of the LP optimisation model. The study was based on Polish FADN data. Results show that the majority of farmers in Poland comply with the crop diversification constraint of greening. However, establishing the required EFAs and necessary diversification on farms with simplified cropping structures will have a negative impact on the volume of agricultural production as well as on farm incomes.

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Structural Change and Its Impact on the Energy Intensity of Agricultural Sector in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10124591 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4591 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hongyun Han ◽

Shu Wu

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Scale Economy ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Regional Heterogeneity ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Agricultural Structure ◽

The Impact

China’s agricultural structure has undergone significant changes for the past four decades, mainly presenting as the fall of sown proportion of grain crops and the rise of vegetables, as has its energy consumption. Employing the panel data on 30 provinces during 1991–2016, this paper empirically explores the impact of agricultural structure changes (ASC) on the energy intensity of agricultural production (EIAP), direct energy intensity of agricultural production (DEIAP) and indirect energy intensity of agricultural production (IEIAP) in China. Besides, the regional heterogeneity of such impact is examined. The results show that: (1) ASC increases EIAP and IEIAP significantly, while ASC decreases DEIAP, which is explained by the structural effect and different planting modes of different crops; (2) the impact in the three administrative regions is similar to national situation, except the impact of ASC on DEIAP in the West Region, which is explained by regional differences of vegetable mechanization; (3) the result of the six vegetable production regions reveals greater regional heterogeneity, and this is attributed to the scale economy effect and the incremental effect of vegetable mechanization; and (4) fuel price, income, agricultural labor, old dependency ratio, and fiscal expenditure have different but significant impacts on EIAP, DEIAP, and IEIAP. Finally, some policy implications are given.

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Impacts Seed Technology Improvement on Economic Aspects of Chilli Production in Central Java - Indonesia

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.23917/jep.v17i1.1453 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Joko Mariyono

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Technology Development ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Seed Technology ◽

Rural Economic Development ◽

Site Development ◽

Central Java ◽

Technology Improvement ◽

The Impact

Vegetable production, including that of chillies, plays an important role in agricultural sector and rural economic development worldwide. This is because of greater farm productivity with regard to vegetables than cereal and staple crops. This paper analyses the impact of seed technology development on the economic aspects of chilli production in Central Java. Particular attention is paid to improved varieties of chilli. Potential consequences of seed technology development are discussed. Data of this study are compiled from surveys conducted in three selected chilli producing regions in 2010-2012. The results show that the major varieties of chilli grown by surveyed farmers are grouped into three broad types: hybrids, local and improved open pollinated varieties. The chilli varieties farmers selected varied according to location and cropping season. In the dry season, farmers grew similar proportions of hybrid, local, and open pollinated types. Nevertheless, there were differences among the survey sites. Farmers grew different varieties to exploit seasonal microclimates and market preferences. Mostly, farmers selected varieties for economic motives. The consequence of growing hybrids was less use of agrochemicals, particularly pesticides, than for other varieties. Overall, they show the best economic performance in the study site. Development of seed technology should consider agro-ecological and economic aspects to obtain better outcomes. Private sector and national research institutions need to collaborate more to utilise available genetic resources to produce better varieties of chilli.

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The impact of globalization on transport investment

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112911002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 11002

Author(s):

Florin Dobre ◽

Valentin Pauna ◽

Alexandru Cristian Vasilescu ◽

Ovidiu Andrei Cristian Buzoianu

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Public Funding ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Value Added ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Transport Sector ◽

European Level ◽

Gradual Development ◽

The Impact

Research background: The economic impact of investing in new transport capacity or improving existing ones is complex and often indirect. Loans for infrastructure are often needed, but they cannot create sufficient conditions for economic growth. Investments in transport infrastructure require public funding. An assessment of their cost-effectiveness is needed to ensure a reasonable and acceptable allocation. Relevant economic, environmental and social effects must be taken into account. There is a growing concern in the transport sector about decisions on the development of the transport system and the effects of scale and externalities they produce. Planners and decision-makers need to know more about the wider economic impact of individual infrastructure projects and transport policies in general. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to present the most important theoretical and practical aspects of the importance of transport investment worldwide, at European level and Romania. Investments in transport infrastructure will not improve the economic vitality of a region unless it has sufficient economic capacity and employment, land use and economic development policies. Methods: This article starts from the hypothesis of the influence of globalization on the development of transport systems in general and applies as a case study on Romania. The paper was based on the analysis of transport legislation, as well as data sets for the period 2011-2019, to observe the gradual development of all types of transport. Findings & Value added: Following these researches, the link between globalization and investments in transport systems was found by emphasizing accessibility to new infrastructures, new horizons and development plans for the main types of transport, which is a key element in economic activity. The main results were disseminated throughout the article and it adds value through the analysis created at global and regional level (at European level) and the interpretation of statistical data related to transport investments.

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Organic versus Conventional Farming—A Paradigm for the Sustainable Development of the European Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10114279 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silvia-Elena Cristache ◽

Mariana Vuță ◽

Erika Marin ◽

Sorin-Iulian Cioacă ◽

Mihai Vuţă

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Plant Protection ◽

European Countries ◽

European Level ◽

Conventional Agriculture ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

The Impact

Although organic farming is an important topic for society, at the European level there have been few achievements so far. Despite its constant increase, the demand for organic food in Europe is outweighing the development of this sector. As such, we aim to assess the interaction between conventional and organic agriculture, as well as their impact on the value of agricultural production at the European level. The main objective of this article is the assessment of the impact of organic farming, as compared with conventional agriculture, on sustainable development of European countries. Therefore, we used panel models based on data collected from the Eurostat database. We found that an increase of 1% of the organic farming areas will generate a contraction in agricultural production of 0.278%, whereas a 1% increase in the production of fertilizers would generate an increase of 0.260% in agriculture production. Moreover, an increase of 1% in the production of plant protection substances and in gross capital formation would generate increases of 0.1190% and 0.0933%, respectively, in agriculture production. The obtained results depend mainly on the characteristics of work on land, as some agricultural engineering methods (crop rotation, pest control, use of fertilizers etc.) influence productivity and production.

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Recent Cost Increases: Their Future Impacts on Agriculture

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s008130520001219x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Wayne A. Boutwell ◽

Thomas W. Little

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Price Level ◽

Capital Requirements ◽

Farm Income ◽

Agricultural Commodities ◽

Domestic Prices ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Input Prices

The impact of rapidly escalating input prices of farm income, agricultural production, production adjustments, the general price level, the cost of living and capital requirements in the agricultural sector is a source of increasing concern to farmers, suppliers of capital to agriculture, and consumers of agricultural products. Record prices for agricultural commodities, such as feed grains and soybeans, partially masked the effects of a 52 percent increase in the index of prices paid for production items on net farm income during the period 1971–74. As agricultural machinery and farm buildings are replaced, world stocks of agricultural commodities are replenished, and domestic prices begin to decline, the magnitude of these cost increases will become more apparent.

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Impacts of literacy rate and human development indices on agricultural production in South Africa

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/35/2013-agricecon ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 531-536

Author(s):

S. Leshoro ◽

T.L.A. Leshoro

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Development ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Labour Force ◽

Small Scale ◽

Literacy Rate ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact

Agriculture is an important sector in South Africa, and the impact that education and human development would have made in this sector via non-white small scale farming was limited through biased policies of the apartheid era. Due to apartheid laws, South Africa found itself with high levels of unskilled labour force. This study seeks to find the impacts of literacy rate and human development indices on agricultural production using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test approach to co-integration. A long run relationship among the variables, agricultural production (agriculture GDP), literacy rate and human development indices were found. Literacy rate has a positively significant effect on agricultural production in the long run while Human Development Index has a positive and significant impact in the short run. This indicates that the apartheid regime fell short in recognizing the positive effect of education in the agricultural sector by denying a descent education to the majority of non-whites which were farm labourers or small scale farmers. This study provides some policy recommendations.  

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Festival value in multicultural contexts: City festivals in South Africa

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816620932808 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135481662093280

Author(s):

Jen D Snowball ◽

Geoff G Antrobus

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Economic Impact ◽

South African ◽

Public Funding ◽

Well Being ◽

Cultural Participation ◽

Strong Focus ◽

The Social ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Worldwide, the number and variety of cultural festivals have grown dramatically. Many areas see festivals as an important way to attract tourists, and their spending, to a region, resulting in a positive economic impact. While they offer important opportunities for artistic producers and audiences, there is growing pressure for festival organizers to demonstrate their value to society beyond their economic impact. Like many countries, South Africa has a strong focus on increasing diverse cultural participation, demonstrating the social, nonmarket values of events that receive public funding. Using data from two South African festivals, the article uses a valuation framework developed by the South African Cultural Observatory to demonstrate measures of audience diversity, the use of quality of life measures to gauge the impact of culture on well-being, and the use of community focus groups to assess the impact of participation on social cohesion and capacity building.

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Economic aspects of insomnia medication treatment among Medicare beneficiaries

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emerson M Wickwire ◽

Aparna Vadlamani ◽

Sarah E Tom ◽

Abree M Johnson ◽

Steven M Scharf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Linear Models ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Medication Treatment ◽

Insomnia Treatment ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Untreated Individuals ◽

The Impact

Abstract Study Objectives To examine economic aspects of insomnia and insomnia medication treatment among a nationally representative sample of older adult Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Using a random 5% sample of Medicare administrative data (2006–2013), insomnia was defined using International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes. Treatment was operationalized as one or more prescription fills for an US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved insomnia medication following diagnosis, in previously untreated individuals. To evaluate the economic impact of insomnia treatment on healthcare utilization (HCU) and costs in the year following insomnia diagnosis, a difference-in-differences approach was implemented using generalized linear models. Results A total of 23 079 beneficiaries with insomnia (M age = 71.7 years) were included. Of these, 5154 (22%) received one or more fills for an FDA-approved insomnia medication following insomnia diagnosis. For both treated and untreated individuals, HCU and costs increased during the 12 months prior to diagnosis. Insomnia treatment was associated with significantly increased emergency department visits and prescription fills in the year following insomnia diagnosis. After accounting for pre-diagnosis differences between groups, no significant differences in pre- to post-diagnosis costs were observed between treated and untreated individuals. Conclusions These results advance previous research into economics of insomnia disorder by evaluating the impact of medication treatment and highlighting important differences between treated and untreated individuals. Future studies should seek to understand why some individuals diagnosed with insomnia receive treatment but others do not, to identify clinically meaningful clusters of older adults with insomnia, and to explore the economic impact of insomnia and insomnia treatment among subgroups of individuals with insomnia, such as those with cardiovascular diseases, mood disorders, and neurodegenerative disease.

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Climate variability, vulnerability and effectiveness of farm-level adaptation options: the challenges and implications for food security in Southwestern Cameroon

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x02000311 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 529-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Ernest L. Molua

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Food Availability ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Farm Income ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Farm Level ◽

The Impact

The risks associated with increasing climate variability pose technological and economic challenges to societies which are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. In Southwestern Cameroon the natural variability of rainfall and temperatures contribute to variability in agricultural production and food insecurity. This paper explores the impact of climate variability in Southwestern Cameroon on food availability. It examines farm household's vulnerability to food availability relating to climate, and reviews the interplay of climate, agriculture, and prospects for food security in the region. An econometric function directly relates farm income and precipitation, in order to statistically estimate the significance of farm-level adaptation methods. The results reveal that precipitation during growing and adaptation methods through changes in soil tillage and crop rotation practices have significant effects on farm returns. An essential precondition for food security and overall agricultural development in Southwestern Cameroon is a dynamic agricultural sector brought about both by steady increase in agricultural production and by greater efforts in farmer support, to enable farm households to take advantage of the opportunities and to minimize the negative impacts of climate variation on agriculture.

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