scholarly journals BIOMASS ASH UTILIZATION OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskars Karps ◽  
Aivars Aboltins ◽  
Janis Palabinskis
Keyword(s):  
Wood Ash ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Mixing Problem

In Latvia and in the world there are problems with utilization of wood ash from large fireboxes because it is a technologically complicated, time consuming and costly process. The methods used to dispose of the ash when it is deposited in waste landfills are unsustainable. Pollution-increasing solution is needed since pure wood ash is a valuable source of plant nutrients. Ash contains the macro and microelements needed for plants and can replace some of the precious mineral fertilizers in agriculture, especially in organic. Ash use in agriculture is little explored and implemented, the use of the technology is not resolved (ash collection and screening, fractionation, drilling, evaluation, etc.). The LUA studies of ash and slurry mixing problem to prepare ash with mechanized spreaders. Cattle slurry is used as a binder that helps create solid ash fractions that are subject to dispersion with centrifugal fertilizer dispersers with a sufficiently good spreading quality. The research examines the conditions for the creation of different size fractions and their dissolution. The experimental results showed that the best used ratio of the mixtures was 1000 ml of ash and 200 ml of liquid manure or 1000 ml of ash and 300 ml of liquid manure. In this ratio, the produced granule size was very close to the size of mineral fertilizers.

The sensory and physical properties of Shortbread biscuits cooked using different sucrose granule size fractions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Tyuftin ◽  
Aislinn M. Richardson ◽  
Maurice G. O’ Sullivan ◽  
Kieran N. Kilcawley ◽  
Eimear Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Size Fractions

Changes in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and composition in aerobic granule size-fractions during reactor cycles at different organic loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Rusanowska ◽  
Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska ◽  
Piotr Świątczak ◽  
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Aerobic Granule ◽  
Size Fractions

Supply and Demand in the World Market of Mineral Fertilizers: Major Factors, Tendencies and Forecasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Гендон ◽  
A. Gendon
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
World Market ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Major Factors

In article the main attractive fundamental characteristics determining the steady growth of world demand for mineral fertilizers in the long term are considered. However it is defined that such factors define need for fertilizers, but not solvent demand, and in the short term in all segments of branch excess of the offer over demand that can lead to reduction of prices of fertilizers, and also to decline in yield of mining and chemical business will be observed.

scholarly journals Integrated Application of Organic and Blended Mineral Fertilizers Improves Potato Productivity and Income for Smallholder Farmers in Acidic Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Girma ◽  
Birhanu Biazin ◽  
Sheleme Beyene ◽  
Berga Lemaga
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Half Dose

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world’s third most important food crop. However, potato productivity is very low in acidic soils that cover about 50% of the arable land in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sole and integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and different types mineral fertilizers on yield, yield components and economic returns of potato in acidic soil of Ethiopia. Six treatments: 1) Control (without fertilizer), 2) sole application of the recommended NP (RNP) fertilizer (11 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P), 3) sole FYM (28.8 t/ha FYM), 4) half dose of recommended NP fertilizer and half dose of the FYM, 5) blended fertilizer formulated as 17.3 kg N, 34.7 kg P2O5, 7.41 kg S, 2.23 kg Zn, 0.3 kg B + 100 kg/ha), and 6) half blended and half FYM, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that potato plants amended with sole blended fertilizer, and integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers doubled fresh tuber yield as compared to the control. The RNP fertilizer gave the lowest (α < 0.05) marketable potato yields of all the fertilizer treatments. Applications of sole blended or integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers resulted in the highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return. Integrated use of FYM and mineral fertilizers is crucial for improved and sustained smallholder potato production in acidic soils. Further studies are required to examine the long-term effects of blended fertilizers on soil properties.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF AMMOPHOS PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF VIBROGRANU¬LATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
M. Voloshin ◽  
Y. Makhovska ◽  
V. Makhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
World Market ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Return ◽  
The World

The market of mineral fertilizers is developing rapidly, which contributed to the growth of agricultural production in general and the growth of demand in the world market in particular. As a result, the supply of mineral fertilizers on the market, which is formed due to its own production and import of products, grew. Chemical companies, taking into account the current situation, have shifted from the insolvent domestic market to the world market, as a result of which this segment has provided, along with the metallurgical industry, a significant share of foreign exchange earnings over the past decade. Mineral fertilizers are an important source of nutrient return to the soil and the basis for modern modern technologies and profitable agribusiness. In recent years, Ukraine has seen an increase in the use of basic types of mineral fertilizers, as well as an increase in the application of complex fertilizers. Demand for fertilizers in Ukraine is formed by farms of various organizational and legal forms and sizes of land use, including large agricultural holdings, where considerable attention is paid to the intensification of agricultural production.  In the usual technological mode, the neutralization of phosphoric acid in the apparatus of the high-speed evaporator-evaporator (SAV) is carried out with liquid ammonia. Liquid ammonia in the SAV apparatus first evaporates, and then gaseous ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. The neutralization process results in a low-concentration ammophos pulp. It is established in the work that during the research of ammophos production in the conditions of vibrogranulation the technological process is improved due to the installation of more optimal nozzles of the BGS apparatus. The characteristics of raw materials, finished product and auxiliary materials are analyzed; physico-chemical bases of the process. Selected technical characteristics of the main and auxiliary equipment. According to the results of the research, it is proposed to install a transport nozzle, to improve the optimal conditions of the technological process, structural elements of the main devices.

scholarly journals Negative influence of agricultural waste products to the environment

2007 ◽  
pp. 659-665
Author(s):  
Boris Jarinovskis
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Underground Waters

Research works have been made to determine the negative influence of agricultural wasteproducts from peasant fanns to the environment in eastern region of Latvia (Latgale). It isascertained that since Latvia has got independence, great amount of peasant farms have beenestablished which have got from 2 to IO ha of land in property in most cases where peasantskeep cattle, grow crops and vegetables for their needs. As a rule peasant has 1-2 catties, pigs,hens, sometimes sheeps. There are also another farn1s with great amount of land and cattle butnot so many. Technology of waste recycling is used in such farms. State control of waterpollution is also conducted. Ground and underground waters are polluted in peasant farms.The main reasons of pollution are: chemical (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, oil products);bilogical (manure, liquid manure, dead bodies of animals and wastes ); domestic (glass andplastic packages (capacities), polyethylene of greenhouses, used domestic electrical devices).Mass burning of last year's grass in last years is a result of destruction of useful groundmicroorganisms, flora and fauna. Lack of depositories for manure, inappropriate use ofmanure and liquid manure causes too much nitrates in ground and pollution with helmits. Themain reasons of ecosystem's pollution are: individual peasants' low level of ecologicalculture, incomplete legislation. There are a lot of both national and European legislative Actsthat regulate toxicants' influence to the environment but all of them need to be unified.Almost all of the legislative Acts are accesible on the Internet, besides they are requiringpayment, but the Internet is not available for majority of peasants. Activities for reduction ofenvironmental pollution are offered in connection with such situation. Such activities are:perfection of legislation, establishing system of agricultural waste products' gathering, sortingand recycling, establishing depositories for manure and technologies for manure's using,creation of "waste free" technology for cattle's slaughter, meat and dairy production'sprocessing, making the role of State services and public organisations in increasningecological competence of population more important, apportioning extra finances forenvironmental protection in peasant farms.

scholarly journals The application of mineral fertilizers in order to restore forest ecosystems contaminated with radionuclide 137Cs

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
M. Vinichuk ◽  
Yu. Mandro ◽  
K. Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Single Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mountain Ash

The results of three years research on the effectiveness of impact of one-time application of wood ash both contaminated and non-contaminated with 137Cs, and their combined introduction of potassium fertilizers to reduce radionuclide transfer from soil to shoots and leaves of some species of trees and wild berry plants in forest ecosystems of Ukrainian Polissia. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of a single application of wood ash both contaminated with 137Cs and non-contaminated combined with potassium fertilizers (50 : 50 on a percentage of potassium) at the rate of 100 kg of potassium to 1 ha reduces the transition of radionuclides from soil to studied plants on average for three years to 35 and 20% respectively. For some types of wild berry plants (young shoots and leaves of blueberries and cranberries) and trees (young shoots and leaves of mountain ash and oak) coefficients of 137Cs transfer during the third (2014) year after applying meliorants decreased by 40–70% compared with plants control split.

scholarly journals Organic system of agriculture and proposals for its implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
V.E. Eshchenko ◽  
S.V. Karnaukh ◽  
A.B. Usik
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Weed Seeds

Organic system of farming (better called a biological system) is an alternative to the modern intensive systems, according to which the technology of cultivated crops involves the production of environmentally healthy food for the humans and feed for farm animals. To do this, crop products must not contain any harmful chemical residues. Therefore, the use of any artificial chemicals, for example, mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, desiccants, defoliants, etc. is prohibited in its production. The area under the organic system is increasing from year to year and by 2018 they have reached 32.4 million hectares in the world, including 7.4 million hectares in Europe, and the leaders among European countries in the production of organic products are Austria and Switzerland. In 2011, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On Organic Production”, which defines the legal, economic, social and organizational bases of organic farming. However, the area under such a system in the country so far remains insignificant, and the reason for this is the high potential clogging of our lands, which does not allow the transition to herbicide-free technologies. Below are some techniques that allow you to reduce the clogging of the fields below the threshold of its harmfulness in order to abandon herbicides as a major factor in the deterioration of phytosanitary conditions. Such methods are such a structure of the sown areas, allowing to switch to crop rotation, application of manure without weed seeds, use of improved chills instead of the usual, inclusion in the technology of spring harrowing pre-emergence and their shoots, abandonment of intermediate cultivation for late spring crops instead of spring crops, use spring May.

scholarly journals Long-term nutrient fertilization and the carbon balance of permanent grassland: any evidence for sustainable intensification?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario A. Fornara ◽  
Elizabeth - Anne Wasson ◽  
Peter Christie ◽  
Catherine J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
C Sequestration ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
C Balance ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Nutrient Fertilization

Abstract. Sustainable grassland intensification aims to increase plant yields while maintaining soils’ ability to act as sinks rather than sources of atmospheric CO2. High biomass yields, however, from managed grasslands can be only maintained through long-term nutrient fertilization, which can significantly affect soil carbon (C) storage and cycling. Key questions remain about (1) how long-term inorganic vs. organic fertilization influences soil C stocks, and (2) how soil C gains (or losses) contribute to the long-term C balance of managed grasslands. Using 43 years of data from a permanent grassland experiment we show that soils not only act as significant C sinks but have not yet reached C saturation. Even unfertilized-control soils showed C sequestration rates of 0.35 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (i.e. 35 g C m−2 yr−1; 0–15 cm depth) between 1970 and 2013. High application rates of liquid manure (i.e. cattle slurry) further increased soil C sequestration to 0.86 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (i.e. 86 g C m−2 yr−1) and a key cause of this C accrual was greater C inputs from cattle slurry. However, average coefficients of ‘Slurry-C retention’ suggest that 85 % of C added yearly through liquid manure is lost possibly via CO2 fluxes and organic C leaching from soils. Inorganically fertilized soils (i.e. NPK) had the lowest ‘C-gain-efficiency’ (i.e. unit of C gained per unit of N added) and lowest C sequestration (similar to control soils). Soils receiving cattle slurry showed higher C-gain and N-retention efficiencies compared to soils receiving NPK or pig slurry. We estimate that net rates of CO2-sequestration in the soil top 15 cm can offset 9-to-25 % of GHG emissions from intensive management. However, because of multiple GHG sources associated with livestock farming, the net C balance of these grasslands remains positive (9-to-12 Mg CO2-equivalent ha−1 yr−1), thus contributing to climate change. Further C-gain efficiencies (e.g. reduced enteric fermentation and use of feed concentrates, better nutrient-management) are required to make grassland intensification more sustainable.

scholarly journals Custom OpenStreetMap Rendering – OpenTrackMap Experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Radek Bartoň
Keyword(s):  
Similar Type ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographic Data

After 5 years of its existence, the OpenSteetMap [1] is becoming to be an important and valuable source of a geographic data for all people on the world. Although initially targeted to provide a map of cities for routing services, it can be exploited to other and often unexpected purposes. Such an utilization is an effort to map a network of hiking tracks of the Czech Tourist Club [2].  To support and apply this endeavour, the OpenTrackMap [3] project was started. Its aim is to primarily provide a customized rendering style for Mapnik renderer which emphasizes map features important to tourists and displays a layer with hiking tracks. This article presents obstacles which such project must face and it can be used as a tutorial for other projects of similar type.

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