scholarly journals COMPARING THE QUALITY OF ROUND BALERS WORK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr NOVÁK ◽  
Jiří MAŠEK ◽  
Miroslav BULVA ◽  
Lukáš BENEŠ
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Quality

Forage harvest belongs to the principal works in contemporary agriculture. Increasingly popular technology is the making round bales. The basic advantage of round balers is application versatility. Harvest method is useful for making hay, straw and haylage, Quality of the bale is dependent on the level of work equipment and operator. This paper is focused on comparing the round baler with variable bale chamber. Round baler Vicon RV 1601 OC14 was compared with round baller Welger RP 435 Master. Both models were equipped with variable chamber. The variable chamber was formed by the endless belts. The evaluation was conducted from quality of work perspective and efficiency. The most important quality parameter was the density of bales. Quality parameters of bales were determined by measuring and weighing. Straw bales and haylage bales were used for studies. Qualitative indicators were converted into dry matter content. Microwave drying according to Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences was used to determine the dry matter. Baler Welger reached better qualitative parameters of work. It was also demonstrated by statistical evaluation using Tukey test. It has clearly demonstrated that round baller Welger achieves significantly greater pressing than round baller Vicon. Greater difference was measured at baling straw. Difference was below the threshold of statistical significance during haylage baling. This difference shows favour of the round baller Welger. On the other hand baler Vicon requires lower input power.

scholarly journals Organic versus integrated apple growing: II. differences in fruit quality parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Good Agreement

The aim our study was to establish whether significant differences in nutrients uptake and quality of fruit existbetween organic and integrated grown apples. The study was performed at the orchard Fruit Research Station, University of Debrecen, at Debrecen-Pallag during 2002–2004. Diameter (mm), weight (g), firmness (N/cm2), dry matter (%) and Vitamin C in fruit were determined. Diameter data showed that the size of apples strongly depended on cultivars and organic apples were larger than integrated ones. Moreover, the effect of year and species strongly affected the apple diameter, size and weight. Measured data of firmness were good agreement in data of diameter and weight. Larger fruits have lower values of firmness due to the structure of fruit flesh. Dry matter content of apples varied between 14.66 and 18.07 in integrated, and 12.87 and 17.29 in organic apples according to cultivars. Values were affected by years and cultivars. From results it was evident that the dry matter content of apples affected by production system. It was lower in organic samples than integrated ones.Vitamin C content of apples was stronger affected by species and years than production system.

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

scholarly journals Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Estimation of Dry Matter Content in Whole Unpeeled Potato Tubers

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Helgerud ◽  
Vegard H. Segtnan ◽  
Jens P. Wold ◽  
Simon Ballance ◽  
Svein H. Knutsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Processed Potatoes

<p>The dry matter is one of the main quality parameters of raw and processed potatoes. In the present study, the potential of utilizing high throughput commercially available NIR interactance systems for dry matter determination in whole unpeeled potato tubers is investigated. The performance of a 2D NIR interactance instrument was compared with that of a 1D NIR interactance instrument and a traditional underwater weight apparatus. A total of 114 tubers were assessed individually with both of the NIR instruments (760-1040 nm), the underwater weight and an external reference method (freeze drying). The 1D interactance instrument obtained better prediction results than what the 2D instrument could achieve (R<sup>2</sup>=0.95, RMSECV=0.91, and R<sup>2</sup>=0.83, RMSECV=1.65, respectively). The underwater weight obtained the highest explained variance (R<sup>2</sup>=0.97), but the estimation was biased by approximately 1.5% (by weight). The poorer prediction performance of the 2D NIR interactance system can be partly explained by the lower penetration depths of the light compared to the 1D NIR interactance systems.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

Effects of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers on the quality of crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pimpini ◽  
L. Giardini ◽  
M. Borin ◽  
G. Gianquinto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Spinach Leaves

SUMMARYPoultry manure and mineral fertilizers at two rates of application (medium and high) and in different combinations, together with a non-fertilized control, were tested at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Padova, Italy (45° 21′ N, 11° 58′ E) in 1985–89.Compared to the control, all the fertilization treatments increased the incidence of larger-sized bulbs of onion and tubers of potato, improved the fruit colour of processing tomato and the raw protein content of spinach, but reduced the acidity and acids: soluble solids ratio of tomato and the dry matter content of spinach leaves.In addition, the application of 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as mineral fertilizer or as poultry manure gave the best scores of processing suitability of potato, both for sticks and chips. All the fertilization formulae, except for 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as poultry manure alone, showed significant decreases in the extractable sucrose ratio in sugarbeet, compared with the control. In processing tomato, the best scores of suitability for paste transformation were obtained with mixed fertilization (1/3 poultry manure and 2/3 mineral fertilizers) applying 210 kg/ha of N, 210 kg/ha of P2O5 and 150 kg/ha of K2O and the plots receiving only mineral fertilizers produced fruits with less favourable values of pH and electrical conductivity compared to the poultry manured ones.

Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bouriako ◽  
H. Shihab ◽  
V. Kuri ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

COMPARISON OF GROWTH, FORAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DIPLOID AND AUTOTETRAPLOID MAIZE SYNTHETICS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. ATLIN ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Yield Trials

Three autotetraploid maize synthetics were compared with four diploid synthetics of similar adaptation in yield trials and growth analysis experiments at several southern Ontario locations, in order to assess the potential of tetraploid maize as a source of forage. No differences were observed among ploidy levels in productivity of whole-plant dry matter, or in nutritional quality of forage. Tetraploids appeared to be lower in dry matter content at harvest and through much of their period of growth.Key words: Silage corn, forage corn, autotetraploid, (Zea mays L.)

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

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