scholarly journals Investment on wheat research and its effect: A case of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Timsina ◽  
S. Gairhe ◽  
P. Koirala ◽  
J. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
National Productivity

Abstract. Although the agriculture sector markedly contributes to the Nepalese economy, very little is known about the government’s investments in agricultural research activities and how these investments have impacted the sector. In this study, we picked a case of wheat crop as it is the third largest crop of Nepal in terms of total annual production. We took government’s annual wheat research investments of Nepal from Fiscal year 2005 to 2016 to analyze the effects of investment on wheat research based on the availability of data. We used compound growth rate, averages, trend line, and bar diagram to present the data and interpret the results. Results revealed that the share of operational budget was lower than supposed to be allocated for the development of wheat research. The pace of increment of wheat production and productivity were observed due to improved wheat investment and technologies. Result shows the negligible spillover effect from neighboring countries in wheat production. Even though the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) has fulfilled source seed target by producing a surplus, private sectors should involve proactively in coordination with NARC to meet the projected demand of wheat seed in national seed vision. The huge gap was observed between yield potential and average national productivity. To achieve greater impact of wheat research in Nepal, it is necessary to bridge the gap by awareness program, making the availability of improved seed with an improved package of practices.

scholarly journals The Research Council System and the Politics of Medical and Agricultural Research for the British Colonial Empire, 1940–52

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Support Of Research ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Research Councils

AbstractHistorical accounts of colonial science and medicine have failed to engage with the Colonial Office’s shift in focus towards the support of research after 1940. A large new fund was created in 1940 to expand activities in the colonies described as fundamental research. With this new funding came a qualitative shift in the type of personnel and activity sought for colonial development and, as a result, a diverse group of medical and technical officers existed in Britain’s colonies by the 1950s. The fact that such variety existed amongst British officers in terms of their qualifications, institutional locations and also their relationships with colonial and metropolitan governments makes the use of the term ‘expert’ in much existing historical scholarship on scientific and medical aspects of empire problematic. This article will consider how the Colonial Office achieved this expansion of research activities and personnel after 1940. Specifically, it will focus on the reasons officials sought to engage individuals drawn from the British research councils to administer this work and the consequences of their involvement for the new apparatus established for colonial research after 1940. An understanding of the implications of the application of the research council system to the Colonial Empire requires engagement with the ideology promoted by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and Medical Research Council (MRC) which placed emphasis on the distinct and higher status of fundamental research and which privileged freedom for researchers.

PAPER ADAPTED FROM PRESENTATION AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 U-impact pathway for diagnosis and impact assessment of crop improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DIXON ◽  
J. HELLIN ◽  
O. ERENSTEIN ◽  
P. KOSINA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
Household System

Agricultural research has contributed enormously to poverty reduction and increased food security worldwide. Wheat crop improvement is a good example of this contribution. Public investments in wheat research from the Green Revolution onwards led to significant productivity increases: following the widespread adoption of semi-dwarf varieties, annual yield growth rates peaked at 2·75% p.a. in the 1980s. Since then, public and private investments in crop (including wheat) research have been modest despite the potential of such research to contribute substantially to the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving hunger and poverty by 2015. Drawing on a wide spectrum of recent literature, the present paper broadens the usual frame of reference for diagnosing the adoption of improved technology and measuring impact. The adoption of improved varieties and management practices is influenced on the supply side by the nature and performance of the input delivery pathway from research to the farm (input value chains), and on the demand side by the characteristics of the farm household system and the marketing or value-adding chains from the farm to the consumer (output value chains). These three elements (input value chains, farm household system characteristics, and output value chains) can be viewed as a U-impact pathway. This pathway determines the rate and extent of adoption of improved varieties and practices, the magnitude of direct and indirect impacts, and the potential for feedback loops leading to improved functioning of the input and output value chains. The U-impact pathway provides a framework to identify an expanded set of beneficiaries from crop improvement which extend beyond the common focus on producers and final consumers; conventional surplus analysis can then be used to estimate the wider benefits to crop improvement. Additional metrics may be needed to estimate impact related to non-economic benefits, such as poverty, health and social capital. The implication of this fuller accounting of impacts is that the benefits accruing to agricultural research may be greater, and more widely distributed across the economy, than previously recognized by research managers and policy-makers. This strengthens the case for maintained or increased public and private sector investment in crop improvement.

A comparison of the responses of dairy cows with high and low milk yield potential to the application of sodium fertilizer

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
C.J.C. Phillips ◽  
P.C. Chiy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Sodium Loss

Tabulated sodium requirements of dairy cows, such as those of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC, 1980), are all based on milk yield. The principle for this is the apparent homeostatic control of sodium concentration in the milk of cattle, with sodium loss in milk being approximately proportional to milk yield. However, there is evidence that low yielding cows respond more than high-yielding cows to a sodium supplement when grazing lucerne with a low sodium content (Joyce and Brunswick, 1975), and the present study therefore investigated the effect of dairy cow milk yield potential on the response to the application of a fertilizer containing sodium.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS ADAPTABILITY ON AKHA BIOCHAR FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Md. Muktar Hossain ◽  
Shah jalal ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan ◽  
Md Shoriful Islam ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Agricultural Research Council

Akha biochar has the potential to exploit by farmer in Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to assess the perception of Akha biochar to utilize for wheat cultivation in the several farmer’s field of Bangladesh. This study aims to assess farmer’s adaptability on akha biochar for enhancing wheat production in Bangladesh. The utilization of Akha biochar as a source of nutrients supply for wheat production was investigated in this study. Akha Chula produced biochar was used as a Akha biochar source and the BARI Gom 28 was used as a testing plant. Five treatments like control (nothing was added), BARC (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council) recommended fertilizer for wheat production, 5 kg/decimal biochar only, BARC recommended fertilizer plus 2.5 kg/decimal biochar and BARC recommended fertilizer plus 5 kg/decimal biochar. Same treatment was applied in three separate farmer’s field namely Mansur, Latif and Nayan. Among three farmers, Latif farmer field was highly fertile that resulted highest wheat productivity in several treatments. Result also showed that the BARC recommended dose with 2.5 kg biochar/ decimal produced highest wheat yield among the other treatments in all farmer’s field. These findings suggested that optimum level of Akha biochar amendments have potential benefits to improve soil fertility. The use of Akha biochar in addition to the chemical fertilizers in wheat production systems is an economically feasible and practical nutrient management practice. Our findings urged that reduction of chemical fertilizer application is possible with supplementation of Akha biochar. This study concluded that Akha biochar has the potential to improve soil fertility and productivity of wheat in Bangladesh.

Economics of Fertilizer Application to Wheat Crop: The Results of a Survey in Lyallpur District (Notes and Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Barkat Ali Quraishi ◽  
Muhammad Jameel Khan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Reliable knowledge about the contribution of various factors responsible for increasing agricultural production is indispensable for planning. This holds particularly for the fertilizer use, which has been recognized as one of the quickest and, perhaps, the cheapest means for increasing agricultural produc¬tion. In Pakistan the emphasis on planned development is gaining momentum and for this purpose more data and fuller information on fertilizer response are becoming increasingly essential. The Agricultural Research Stations in the country have been conducting experiments with a view to determining the extent to which the cropped yield may increase due to the application of fertilizer. But such experiments, because of their somewhat controlled nature in respect of certain factors, obviously can¬not tell us with a desired measure of accuracy as to what is actually happening at millions of private farms throughout the country. And, as such, the planning in this regard is apt to be wrong.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in Food Systems: Addressing Changing Climate through Real Time Nitrogen and Weed Management in a Conservation Agriculture-Based Maize–Wheat System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Rishi Raj ◽  
T. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Management

The proven significance of conservation agriculture (CA) in enhancing agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency across diverse agro-ecologies is often challenged by weed interference and nitrogen (N) immobilization. The collective effect of real-time N and weed management has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the appropriateness of sensor-based N management in conjunction with a broad-spectrum weed control strategy for the maize–wheat system, an experiment was conducted at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—in New Delhi, India, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Weed management in maize through Sesbania brown manure followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D (BM + 2,4-D) in maize and tank-mix clodinafop-propargyl (60 g ha−1) and carfentrazone (20 g ha−1) (Clodi+carfentra) in wheat resulted in minimum weed infestation in both crops. It also resulted in highest maize (5.92 and 6.08 t ha−1) and wheat grain yields (4.91 and 5.4 t ha−1) during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively. Half of the N requirement, when applied as basal and the rest as guided by Optical crop sensor, resulted in saving 56 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the maize–wheat system, respectively, over 100% N application as farmers’ fertilizer practice during the two consecutive years. Interactive effect of N and weed management on economic yield of maize and wheat was also significant and maximum yield was obtained with 50% N application as basal + rest as per Optical crop sensor and weed management through BM+2,4-D in maize and Clodi+carfentra in wheat crop. The study concludes that real-time N management, complemented with appropriate weed management, improved growth, enhanced agronomic productivity and endorsed N saving under a CA-based maize–wheat system in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Heat on Wheat Grain Quality

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Increasing Demand

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO2 and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO2 and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO2-enriched environment are discussed.

scholarly journals Genotype and environment interaction of sweetpotato varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
Z Alam ◽  
S Naznin ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Effect

The article presents results of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype (G) main effect and genotype by environment (GE) interaction (G × GE) biplot analysis of a multi environmental trial (MET) data of 15 sweetpotato varieties released from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute conducted during 2015–2018. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on tuber yield and to identify stable sweetpotato genotypes over the years. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications at Gazipur location. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the main effects due to genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant. The contribution of genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction to the total variation in tuber yield was about 60.16, 10.72 and 12.82%, respectively. The first two principal components obtained by singular value decomposition of the centred data of yield accounted for 100% of the total variability caused by G × GE. Out of these variations, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.5% and 28.5% of variability, respectively. The study results identified BARI Mistialu- 5, BARI Mistialu- 14 and BARI Mistialu- 15 as the closest to the “ideal” genotype in terms of yield potential and stability. Varieties ‘BARI Mistialu- 8, BARI Mistialu- 11 and BARI Mistialu- 12’ were also selected as superior genotypes. BARI Mistialu- 3 and BARI Mistialu- 13 was comparatively low yielder but was stable over the environment. Among them BARI Mistialu-12, BARI Mistialu-14 and BARI Mistialu-15 are rich in nutrient content while BARI Mistialu-8 and BARI Mistialu-11 are the best with dry matter content and organoleptic taste. Environments representing in 1st and 3rd year with comparatively short vectors had a low discriminating power and environment in 2nd year was characterized by a high discriminating power. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 501-512, September 2019

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