scholarly journals Gender analysis of educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
R.O. Babatunde ◽  
A.E. Omoniwa ◽  
M.N. Ukemenam
Keyword(s):  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract. Educational inequality has been accepted widely as an indicator of wellbeing. However, in most developing countries, very little attention has been paid to it. This article examined the gender differences in educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara state, Nigeria. Using a three-stage random sampling technique, 200 rural households were sampled for data collection. Analytical tools used are descriptive statistics, the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. The result of the analysis showed educational inequality for boys and girls was 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. Educational inequality among children of school-age was significantly determined by the age of household heads, education status of the household heads, marital status, main occupation of the household head, household size, dependency ratio, farm size, cost of schooling, average time spent by children in farm work and asset-base of the households. It was therefore recommended that strategies that will promote mothers’ education be put in place as well as the provision of accessible credit schemes. This can help in the hiring of labour for farm and non-farm businesses thereby increasing production, while providing the household with more funds to enroll their children in schools.

scholarly journals Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21(36) (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Samuel Upev ◽  
Amurtiya Michael ◽  
Shuaibu Mshelia ◽  
Justice Onu
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Farming Households

The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves.

DETERMINANTS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION DECISION FOR OFF-FARM WORK OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN KONTUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đào Thị Ly Sa
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract:  Kon Tum, a mountainous northernmost border province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, is one of the poorest provinces in Vietnam. Many studies recently identified that the diversification of incomes is a critical livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries. Thus, this study analyzes the factors influencing income diversification decision for off-farm work of rural households. The binary logit model will be employed to investigate the determinants of income diversification decision of rural households for off-farm work. Through 200 households selected using multi-stage sampling technique, this study showed that participation in off-farm employment was influenced by gender, age, education of household head, family size, number of children attending school, farm size, access to credit, and access to tarred roads. The findings suggested that it is important to support both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors to succeed in terms of poverty reduction and food security.Keywords: income diversification, off-farm work, rural household, poverty,  Kon Tum

scholarly journals Technical Inefficiency Determinants in Potato Production: The case of Potato Farmers in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hailu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Land Fragmentation

The study identified the factors that cause variation in the level of efficiency in potato production. The study used household level cross sectional data collected in 2015/16 from 196 sample farmers selected by multistage sampling technique. For the data collection, a personally administered structured questionnaire was used. In the analyses, descriptive statistics, a stochastic frontier model (SFM) and a two-limit Tobit regression model were employed. Tobit model revealed that technical efficiency was positively and significantly affected by education, land tenure status, extension service, credit and soil fertility whereas variables such as sex of household head, age of household head, farm size and land fragmentation affected it negatively. Therefore the study suggested the need for policies to discourage land fragmentation and promote education, extension visits, access to credit and soil fertility for improvement in technical efficiency.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Felix Akinrinde ◽  
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho ◽  
Israel Ogulande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Government

The rising incidences of poverty among rural farming families are the reason behind renewed interest in income diversification. This study determined the level of income diversification; identified alternative income sources; examined the reasons for diversification; and identified the constraints to diversification. A three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 160 households on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, a Likert-type scale, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 1.3% of the households had no additional sources of income while 40.6% had at least four. Trading (55%) and livestock keeping (40.7%) were the most popular alternative income sources. The declining farm income (mean = 2.96) was the primary reason for diversification, while poor rural infrastructure (mean = 3.04) was the most severe constraint to income diversification. Farm size, access to extension services, household size, age and educational level of the household head were significantly related to the level of income diversification at p < 0.05. The study concluded that the level of income diversification was high and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the households. It recommends that the government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities in rural areas. Farmer associations should also ensure better prices for agricultural produce through joint marketing.

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Income Incase of Dera District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Gebeyehu Ababu ◽  
Tadesse Ayele Belachew ◽  
Abate Tadesse Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Regional State

Background: Agriculture plays a key role in economic growth, as a source of raw materials, means of income generation, food security, poverty alleviation and employment to the rural population in both developed and developing countries. This study was aimed to investigate the determinants of household income incase of Dera district, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in Dera district from September 2020 to May 2021 at Salale University, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary source of data were used to obtain the data. Primary data was collected from the selected sample of 234 household heads using structured questionnaire. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from Dera district. Both Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, variance, etc.) and Econometrics model (multiple linear regression model) were used to achieve the objectives of the study and to analysis the data. Result: Using multiple linear regression of two stage least square, household income was significantly affected by place of residence, women household head, women year of education, farm size, access to credit, tropical livestock Unit and women time use at 5% significance level.

EFFECT OF MICRO LENDING RATE ON SMES GROWTH IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Adegbite Adewale ◽  
◽  
Alli Ismail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises are acknowledged as the lubricants that wheel the socio-economic development of a nation yet their growth has been stunted by harsh fiscal and monetary policies. This study seeks to investigate the effect of micro financing interest rate on small and medium scale enterprises growth in Lagos and Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data was employed using structured self-administered questionnaire with five-point Likert scale. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design to give an accurate description of the research variables. Yaro Yamane’s sampling technique was used to select four hundred (400) SMEs from the total population of thirteen thousand four hundred and fifty-seven (13,457) in both Lagos and Ogun States, while stratified and proportionate sampling methods are used to determine the sample size of three hundred and fourty eight (348) SMEs in Lagos state and fifty-two (52) in Ogun state. Ordinary Least Square Regression (OLS) was used to estimate the regression. In the study, one hypothesis was formulated and tested. The results from the hypothesis tested revealed that a significant negative relationship exist between micro finance interest rate and SMEs growth in Nigeria at 5 per cent level (tc= -1.570731; p= 0.0009). Based on the finding, the study concluded that significant negative relationship exist between micro finance interest rate and small & medium enterprises growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that microfinance banks should charge moderate interest rate to SMEs without stringent collateral requirements to boosts SMEs growth in Nigeria.

Socio-economic and environmental barriers to increased agricultural production: New evidence from central Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 003072702096736
Author(s):  
Chidchanok Apipoonyanon ◽  
Sylvia Szabo ◽  
Takuji W Tsusaka ◽  
Kevin Leeson ◽  
Endro Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Female Headed Households

Thailand’s agricultural production has played a major role in enhancing the sustainability of domestic food supplies and successful international exports. However, agricultural production and farm productivity remain relatively low, especially in rapidly ageing high out-migration areas and among small-scale farmers. In this study, we use new household survey data from Prachinburi Province to examine the probability of facing six specific barriers to agricultural production. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a series of logistic regressions to identify the determinants. The results show that age of household head, off-farm income, farm size, and farm type were all associated with the likelihood of different productivity barriers. Gender of household heads was found to be associated with the probability of farm labour shortage, with female-headed households being at a disadvantage. We recommend that policies should be formulated to address these significant factors in order to overcome or circumvent the different barriers and enhance the livelihoods of the local population.

scholarly journals Assessment of expenditure on food among urban households and it’s implication for food security: Evidence from Benue State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (62) ◽  
pp. 8748-8760
Author(s):  
TR Iorlamen ◽  
◽  
GA Abu ◽  
WL Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Security Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Heads

The study assessed expenditure on food among urban households in Benue State of Nigeria. This was done with the view to assess household food expenditure and its implications for food security status of the households; identify and assess determinants that influence household food demand; and analyze the determinants of food security of household urban population. The selection of the sample for the study involved a three-stage sampling technique. Data was collected from 150 households through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, food security index, multiple linear regression and logit regression were employed to analyze data. The results indicated a mean household expenditure on food that stands at N21,748.00 40.3 USD) per month. Based on the food security index the households that spent at least N14, 498.67 (93.5 USD) on food per month were categorized as food secure and those who spent below this value were categorized as food insecure. Furthermore, 67.3% of the households were food secure, while 32.7% were food insecure. The study revealed that size of household, income of the household head and price of food comodities were identified as major factors influencing household food demand decisions in the study area. Moreover, size of the household and income of the household head were the main determinants of food demand in the study area (F = 19.78; p ≤ 0.05) just as age and income of household head as well as household size influence the probability that a household will be food secure(χ2 = 13.77; p > 0.05). The study recommends that household heads should be educated on the need to control family size and to be self-empowered without necessarily depending on government as a way of enhancing their income to improve the household and economic conditions. The government should strengthen its policy on grain reserves in order to control food prices during scarcity and subsidize farm i nputs and availability to boost food production and thus lower food prices.

scholarly journals Conservational Tree Growing by Smallholder Farm Households: Evidence from Gamo Highlands of Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malebo Mancha Massa ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Entry Points

Abstract Background: Deforestation and environmental degradation were identified among the leading factors worsening risk exposure in developing countries. Conservational tree growing was found a permissible option and an awake up policy direction to curve down the problem in Ethiopia. However, the uptake of this practice is far from complete and the art has not been made to a level that could make households self-reliant at least in tree resources, particularly in the highlands. This study was aimed at identifying the main decisive factors that potentially influence conservational tree growing behavior of smallholder farm households in Gamo highlands of Southern Ethiopia.Methods: The study was based on survey data collected from 11 villages in 2011/2012. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 335 farm households. A structured interview schedule and observation were used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.Results: The key findings showed that a host of factors significantly influenced smallholders’ decision to practice conservational tree growing. The study found that tree growing experience, age of the household head, farm size, and availability of suitable land area for tree growing and cash income from sales of trees were the significant factors explaining the variation in conservational tree growing behavior of households. The study also observed that indigenous social and cultural organizations and religious and old-aged funeral sites were the homes for old-aged but live indigenous tree species than private farms.Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concluded that intra-farmer experience sharing, and support to efficient indigenous institutions and rural tree markets as potential entry points for mitigating deforestation, improving forestry, and developing environmentally sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals The extent of protective footwear use among school-age rural children at high risk for podoconiosis and socio-economic correlates: A household cross-sectional survey in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009791
Author(s):  
Abebayehu Tora ◽  
Getnet Tadele ◽  
Gail Davey ◽  
Colleen M. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Household Head ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status

Background Podoconiosis is preventable if genetically susceptible people wear shoes starting from an early age and do so consistently. However, lack of routine use of footwear is one of the major risk factors for podoconiosis and several other foot-related Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). This study is aimed at describing the extent of footwear use among school-age rural children susceptible to the disease and investigating associated socioeconomic factors. Methods Cross sectional surveys were conducted in 330 randomly selected households in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. A household head and a child aged between 9 and 15 years were recruited from each household. Household heads provided socioeconomic data while children were asked about their footwear ownership and footwear use. Results Nearly half (49.5%) of the children reported either walking barefoot or wearing under-protective footwear in a range of situations. Girls, older children, those in higher school grades, who belonged to families with higher socio-economic status, and those who owned a larger number of pairs of footwear reported more protective use of footwear. The linear regression model constituting the adequacy of footwear ownership and interaction term (i.e. family socioeconomic status by adequacy of footwear ownership) variables explained 30% of variance in the protective use of footwear (AR2 = 0.307). The interaction effect of adequate ownership of footwear and family socioeconomic status consistently predicted the protective use of footwear among children (β = -0.175, p<0.01) though the main effect of adequacy of footwear ownership was stronger (β = 0.507, p<0.001). Conclusion Increased adoption of protective footwear is needed to effectively prevent school-age children living in endemic areas from developing podoconiosis and other neglected tropical diseases. Interventions aimed to improve the protective footwear use should consider approaches that also increase the socio-economic capacity of families in podoconiosis endemic communities.

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