scholarly journals Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Water Reserve ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation rate on Sudan grass yield, grown as a second crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Volume 13, Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Optimal Variant ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimum Variant ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of irrigation rate on the yield of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan grass variety Endje-1 on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora, after its predecessor barley, was conducted. The Sudan grass was harvested in the brooming stage. Five variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control); Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); Variant 3 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the first watering; Variant 4 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the second watering; Variant 5 – irrigation as Var.2, but with removal of the third watering. It was found that the efficiency of 1m3 of irrigation water was the highest at the optimum variant (Var.2), where 5.36 kg of dry mass (DM) were produced by 1 m3 of water. With the removal of the second irrigation (Var.4), the yield on the dry mass decreased by 6.4% compared to the optimal variant (Var.2), and with the removal of the first irrigation (Var.3) the losses on the dry mass reached, 12.3%, respectively. The highest values of this indicator were obtained by varying the second irigation (Vаr.4) – 7.53 kgDM/m3 water. The coefficient of efficiency of the irrigation rate, representing the ratio between the increase of the yield (in comparison with the version without irrigation – Vаr.1), and the size of the realized irrigation norm had the highest value in the version without second irrigation (Vаr.4) and the lowest values for the version without first irrigation (Vаr.3).

Productivity and chemical composition of green biomass from Sudan grass, grown as a second crop, with optimal and insufficient water supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Rumen Bazitov ◽  
◽  
Stanimir Enchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Cinnamon Soil ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of the disturbed irrigation regime on the yield and the chemical composition of Sudan grass, grown as a second crop. To accomplish this goal, a trial was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora with Sudan grass on meadow-cinnamon soil under irrigated conditions. The following variants have been studied: 1 - without irrigation (control variant); variant 2 - optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); variant 3 - irrigation as in variant 2, but with the removal of the first watering; variant 4 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the second irrigation; variant 5 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the third watering. It was found that when growing Sudan grass as a second crop with optimal irrigation and disturbed irrigation regime done by canceling successive watering, the highest yield of dry biomass is obtained with optimal irrigation including three irrigations. Its yield increased by 24.2% compared to the control treatment. Irrigation of Sudan grass with only the second and the third irrigation in a row, without the first irrigation provided, leads to the lowest yield of dry biomass - 11290 kg / ha. Among the chemical composition indicators, the most significant change is observed in the content of the crude fat, followed by that of the crude fiber and crude protein, depending on the method of growing Sudan grass (with or without irrigation).

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro H. de M. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Medium Texture

The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

Effects of rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivation and soil type on potassium mobilization and transformation behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
D.D. Zhu ◽  
L.P. Zhan ◽  
R.H. Cong ◽  
X.K. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

To understand the chemical behavior of potassium (K) in soil, rhizobox experiments were conducted to study the effects of K uptake by cultivated rice and soil type on K migration and transformation in soils. The aim of this study was to guide reasonable application of K fertilizer in different soil types. The results showed that at the maximum tillering stage, the migration distances of water-soluble K (Sol-K) were 6 and 5 cm, the depletion of exchangeable K (Ex-K) was 7 and 4 cm, and depletion of nonexchangeable K (Nonex-K) was 1 and 5 cm, respectively, in yellow cinnamon soil (YCS) and fluvo-aquic soil (FS). With the growth of rice, the migration distances of Sol-K showed little difference between YCS and FS. Throughout the season, the contributions of Sol-K, Ex-K, and Nonex-K to K uptake in YCS were 12.0%, 40.0%, and 48.0%, respectively, whereas their contributions in FS were 25.7%, 25.8%, and 48.5%, respectively. K uptake by rice was linearly related to the concentration of different forms of K in soils (R2 = 0.687*). In conclusion, soil type significantly affected K mobilization and transformation behavior. This indicated that the location of K fertilizer addition in the root zone should differ with soil type.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Brri Usg Applicator in Dry and Wet Season of Rice Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
MA Hossen ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MK Zaman ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Subsurface Zone

BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) USG (Urea super granule) applicator was developed to apply USG in non-oxidized zone at 6-10 cm depth from surface at desired spacing to maintain the recommended USG fertilizer doses of 118 and 168 kg ha-1 during Aman and Boro season, respectively that could be maintained with the adjustment of the applicator for 20 × 20 cm transplanting spacing. It was designed and fabricated with an adjustable facility for two rows operation in the rice field at spacing of 18 × 20, 20 × 20 and 22 × 20 cm. The modified USG applicator tested in the BRRI regional stations (RS) during Aman 2011 and the farmers’ fields during Boro 2012 season. Walking speed directly influenced the field capacity of the applicator. Walking speed during field operation of the applicator depends on the soil type, USG placement time and puddled condition of the soil and it was varied 2.46-3.72 km hr-1. Field capacity was observed 0.13 and 0.14 ha hr-1 during Boro and Aman season, respectively whereas manual USG application capacity was observed about 0.02 ha hr-1. The depth of USG placement by the applicator (6.01-6.32 cm) was found more compared to manual application (5.61-5.75 cm). The yield performance of USG plots was identical in all locations during both the seasons either applied by hand or by machine. However, in some cases, USG gave significantly higher grain yield compared to prilled urea applied by hand broadcasting method.Modified BRRI USG applicator saved urea fertilizer, ensured proper placement of USG in subsurface zone and reduced drudgery without sacrificing grain yield.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(2): 49-59

RESPONSE OF BROCCOLI TO FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. MAURER
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Head Formation

Plants of broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, were grown in weighing lysimeters and exposed to five soil water regimes. These regimes restored soil water to field capacity at 88% of available water for the wet treatment, 60% for the medium and 32% for the dry. In the wet–dry and dry–wet regimes, water depletion levels were changed at time of head formation. Soil water stress imposed prior to heading reduced plant size, but yield of marketable heads was not significantly reduced from that of plants grown in the wet regime when an adequate water supply was maintained after heading. Yield of marketable heads was least in the dry and wet–dry regimes and intermediate in the medium regime. Plants in the dry–wet regime did not consume as much water as those in the wet regime during the period from heading to harvest. In maritime areas which do not normally experience excessively high temperatures, withholding irrigation until heads begin to form can be recommended, provided the soil type is capable of retaining moisture and is at field capacity at planting.

scholarly journals Influence of the Pedological Drought and Irrigation on Quantity and Quality of the Maize Yield in the Crişurilor Plain Conditions

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian DOMUŢA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
June July

The paper is based on the researches carried out in Oradea during 2006-2008 in the following variants: V1= Irrigated, without irrigation suspending; V2= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in May; V3 = Irrigated, irrigation suspending in June; V4= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in July; V5= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in August; V6= Unirrigated. The hybrid use: Fundulea 376. Total nitrogen of the maize grains was determined in the laboratory of the Agricultural and Development Research Station Oradea. In the variant with optimum irrigation, water reserve on 0-75 cm depth was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity. Pedological drought was determined every year and the irrigation was need, too. The irrigation determined the increase of the total water consumption and yield gain in comparison with unirrigated variant. Irrigation suspending in different months determined the yield losses very significant statistically. The biggest protein content was registered in the variant without the irrigation suspending; the values registered in the variants with irrigation suspending in May, June, July and August and in the unirrigated variant are smaller, with differences statistically assured. There were a direct link between de Martonne aridity index values and water consumption, yield and protein content and an inverse link between pedological drought and yield quantity and protein content. These are the arguments for irrigation opportunity in maize from Crişurilor Plain

scholarly journals Efficacy of different herbicide combinations for weed control in irrigated maize silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of herbicide combinations between Tender EC and Titus + Magneto SL, and Wing P and Mistral Opti applied in a field of maize under the conditions of mixed irrigation. The study has been carried out with maize cultivated on meadow-cinnamon soil at the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora for the period 2014-2016. The research was conducted with a mid-grade hybrid corn LG35.62 with the same background of fertilization and irrigation with the following variants: 1) Control (without herbicides); 2) Wing P – 4000 ml/ha and Mistral Opti – 210 ml/ha, and 3) Tender EC – 1500 ml/ha and a mixture of Titus – 40 g/ha + Magnet SL – 1200 ml/ha. Increasе of maize yield by 41.6% (on average) in comparison with the control variant and by 28.9% compared to the variant Wing P and Mistral Opti was found.

scholarly journals Model-based Moisture Prediction of Root Medium and Irrigation Control in Potted Plant Production using Nutrient-flow Wick Culture (NFW) System

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096B-1096
Author(s):  
Jung Eek Son ◽  
Sung Kyu Kim ◽  
Sung Bong Oh ◽  
Yin Ji Lu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Irrigation Control

The uptake of water and nutrient in potted plants is greatly affected by irrigation conditions, and it influences the plant growth. This study aimed to examine the correlations between basic environmental parameters and plant growth in potted plants (kalanchoe) and to develop the models for adequate irrigation control. Growth chambers were developed for the experiments, and four levels of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were treated by using different numbers of shading films and lamps. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. New Alter, grown in the nutrient-flow wick culture (NFW) system, was used. The 7-cm pots were filled with a 7:3 mixture of peat moss and perlite medium (v/v). The initial water content was set at about 26%. A total of 150 pots and plants with different growth stage were prepared for 4 weeks. A wick [12 × 1 cm (L × W)] was used in each pot. Leaf areas of plants and surface areas of the medium were analyzed by a plant image analysis system. For measuring the water losses of plants and pots during the growth stage, the initial water content of the substrates was maintained at about 55%. Water losses were measured at 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 hours for all experiment periods by using an electron balance. Two models were developed for estimating water losses by evapotranspiration and water intake by water absorption. Finally, a model for estimating water content in the medium was tried. Growth and environment parameters showed high correlations with transpiration and evaporation, respectively. There was an interactive effect of VPD and PPF on the change of evapotranspiration. The amount of absorption was increased by time and decreased with increase of initial water content.

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