scholarly journals Effect of irrigation rate on Sudan grass yield, grown as a second crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Volume 13, Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Optimal Variant ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimum Variant ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of irrigation rate on the yield of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan grass variety Endje-1 on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora, after its predecessor barley, was conducted. The Sudan grass was harvested in the brooming stage. Five variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control); Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); Variant 3 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the first watering; Variant 4 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the second watering; Variant 5 – irrigation as Var.2, but with removal of the third watering. It was found that the efficiency of 1m3 of irrigation water was the highest at the optimum variant (Var.2), where 5.36 kg of dry mass (DM) were produced by 1 m3 of water. With the removal of the second irrigation (Var.4), the yield on the dry mass decreased by 6.4% compared to the optimal variant (Var.2), and with the removal of the first irrigation (Var.3) the losses on the dry mass reached, 12.3%, respectively. The highest values of this indicator were obtained by varying the second irigation (Vаr.4) – 7.53 kgDM/m3 water. The coefficient of efficiency of the irrigation rate, representing the ratio between the increase of the yield (in comparison with the version without irrigation – Vаr.1), and the size of the realized irrigation norm had the highest value in the version without second irrigation (Vаr.4) and the lowest values for the version without first irrigation (Vаr.3).

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Water Reserve ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.

Productivity and chemical composition of green biomass from Sudan grass, grown as a second crop, with optimal and insufficient water supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Rumen Bazitov ◽  
◽  
Stanimir Enchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Cinnamon Soil ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of the disturbed irrigation regime on the yield and the chemical composition of Sudan grass, grown as a second crop. To accomplish this goal, a trial was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora with Sudan grass on meadow-cinnamon soil under irrigated conditions. The following variants have been studied: 1 - without irrigation (control variant); variant 2 - optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); variant 3 - irrigation as in variant 2, but with the removal of the first watering; variant 4 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the second irrigation; variant 5 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the third watering. It was found that when growing Sudan grass as a second crop with optimal irrigation and disturbed irrigation regime done by canceling successive watering, the highest yield of dry biomass is obtained with optimal irrigation including three irrigations. Its yield increased by 24.2% compared to the control treatment. Irrigation of Sudan grass with only the second and the third irrigation in a row, without the first irrigation provided, leads to the lowest yield of dry biomass - 11290 kg / ha. Among the chemical composition indicators, the most significant change is observed in the content of the crude fat, followed by that of the crude fiber and crude protein, depending on the method of growing Sudan grass (with or without irrigation).

scholarly journals Development and Correction of K-deficiency in Drip-irrigated Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Neilsen ◽  
Peter Parchomchuk ◽  
Michael Meheriuk ◽  
Denise Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Red Color ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Extractable Soil

Various schedules of 40 g N and 17.5 g P/tree per year were applied with irrigation water (fertigation) to `Summerland McIntosh' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees on M.9 rootstock commencing the year of planting. Leaf K concentrations averaged 0.82% dry mass, indicating deficiency, by the third growing season. This coincided with extractable soil K concentrations of 50-60 μg·g-1 soil in a narrow volume of the coarse-textured soil located within 0.3 m of the emitters. The decline in leaf K concentration was reversed and fruit K concentration increased by additions of K at 15-30 g/tree applied either as granular KCl directly beneath the emitters in spring or as KCl applied as a fertigant in the irrigation water. K-fertilization increased fruit red color, size, and titratable acidity only when leaf K concentration was <1%. Fruit Ca concentration and incidence of bitter pit or coreflush were unaffected by K application. NPK-fertigation commencing upon tree establishment is recommended for high-density apple orchards planted on similar coarse-textured soils.

scholarly journals Influência da adubação orgânica no desenvolvimento do feijão-vagem em diferentes níveis de água de irrigação

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Ivando Comandante de Macedo Silva ◽  
Joseano Graciliano da Silva ◽  
Bárbara Genilze Figueiredo Lima Santos ◽  
Maila Vieira Dantas ◽  
Tiago Silva Lima
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Goat Manure

<p>A cultura do feijão-vagem possui ampla adaptação edafoclimática, podendo ser cultivado durante todo o ano em grande parte dos estados brasileiros, entretanto, fatores como o manejo do solo, sendo este fundamental para obtenção de maior sucesso de produção e o volume inadequado da água de irrigação limita sua produção principalmente nas regiões semiáridas. Com isso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência de fontes de adubação orgânica no desenvolvimento do feijão-vagem cv. ‘Macarrão’ submetido a diferentes níveis de água de irrigação. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: duas fontes de adubação orgânica (esterco caprino e bovino) mais a testemunha (sem adubação) e quatro níveis de água de irrigação (40%; 60%; 80% e 100% da capacidade de campo). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator as fontes de adubação orgânica mais a ausência da mesma e o segundo fator os quatro níveis de água de irrigação, com quatro repetições totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca da raiz, massa fresca total, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total. Plantas de feijão-vagem cv. ‘macarrão’ apresenta maior desenvolvimento quando cultivada a 100% da capacidade de campo, onde associada a adubação orgânica via esterco caprino favorece a produção de plantas com maior qualidade.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Influence of organic fertilizer in the development of snap beans in different irrigation water levels</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The snap bean crop has extensive edaphoclimatic adaptation and can be grown throughout the year in most Brazilian states, However, factors such as soil management, which is critical to getting the most successful production and inadequate volume of irrigation water limits its production mainly in semiarid regions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of sources of organic fertilizer in the development of plants of bean pod cv. 'Macaroni' under different irrigation water levels. The treatments were: two sources of organic fertilizer (manure goats and cattle) more witness (without fertilizer) and four irrigation water levels (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of field capacity).  The experimental design was adopted in randomized blocks with factorial 3 x 4, the first factor the organic fertilizer  more witness thereof and the second factor the four irrigation water levels, with four repetitions totaling 48 experimental units. At 40 days after sowing the following variables were evaluated: stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight of aerial part, fresh root mass, total fresh mass, shoot dry weight, root dry mass and total dry mass. plants of bean pod cv. 'Macaroni' It has higher development when grown to 100% field capacity related to irrigation water, where associated with organic fertilizer via goat manure favors the production of plants with higher quality.</p>

Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Aerobic Rice Genotypes under Transplanted Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
S Pervin ◽  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
A Akter ◽  
R Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Due to over sinking of underground water, scarcity of irrigation water is becoming a threat to the sustainability of irrigated rice production and the concept of aerobic culture appeared prominently. Aerobic rice has the ability to grow under minimum irrigation water and minimum yield reduction occurs when grown under aerobic culture with less water. This experiment aimed to evaluate two advanced aerobic rice lines under transplanted condition in net house. Two advanced lines, IR83140-B-36-B-B and IR83142-B-71-B-B and two check varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in three moisture regimes. The moisture regimes included a) continuous standing water (CSW) b) saturated moisture condition (SMC) and c) moisture content at field capacity (FCM). The experimental units, drum containing 110 kg soil, were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Three to four seedlings of forty days were transplanted at the soil surface of each drum. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per genotypes one week after transplanting. Genotype × water interaction showed significant variation in total dry matter production, panicle length, panicle exertion rate, sterility percentage and yield contributing characters. Irrespective of the genotypes, CSW conditions favored to produce maximum number of tiller and panicle. Although BRRI dhan29 gave the highest yield at both CSW and SMC, IR83142-B-71-B-B produced the highest yield at FCM. However, BRRI dhan28 gave similar yield to that of IR83142-B-71-B-B in FCM treated drums.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 45-50

scholarly journals Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Bruno da S. Guirra ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIETY OF HERBAGE MIXTURESVERSUSCONSTITUENTS AND SOWING TIME IN THE ARID STEPPE ZONE OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
А.I. Kurbanbayev ◽  
◽  
А.A. Baitelenova ◽  
A.B. Abdirova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Control Variant

The article describes the nutritional quality and chemical composition of a variety of herbage mixtures versus on the sowing time and constituents in the arid steppe zone of Kazakhstan. The biennium average data for the study years are given. The second and third decades of May were chosen as the sowing date. Three types of herbage mixtures were investigated in two sowing periods: 1. barley, peas, Sudan grass, hybrid of sorghum-Sudan grass, rapeseed; 2. barley, peas, Sudanese grass, hybrid of sorghum-Sudan grass, barnyard millet; 3. barley, peas, hybrid sorghum-Sudan grass, African millet. In the course of the sowing period, the content of crude protein in the herbage mixtures in the third decade of May was as high as in nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). Depending on the components of the herbage mixtures, the highest indicator of crude protein in the mixture of African millet was 2.87% and 2.74%. NFE in the herbage mixture of cockspur was higher by 0.07-0.16% than in the control variant (herbage mixture with rapeseed). Periods of emergence and germination of grain varieties in the composition of herbage mixtures coincided with the July precipitation, expressed by good leaf coverage, high content of crude protein, carotene, NFE compared to the control variant. The optimum sowing life, in terms of nutritional quality, chemical composition of herbage mixtures with African millet and barnyard millet in the dry steppe zone of Kazakhstan, was the third decade of May.

scholarly journals The Influence of H2O2 Application Methods on Melon Plants Submitted to Saline Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Adriana Silva Santos ◽  
Juliana Formiga Almeida ◽  
Marcio Santos da Silva ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Thais Batista de Queiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The salinity in irrigation water is one of the most important causes to decline cultivated plants yield. The H2O2 application has shown efficiency as a stimulator and activator for antioxidative defense system in plants submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for hydrogen peroxide application as a strategy to minimize the effects of saline stress on melon plants. The experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks and set in 2 &times; 4 factorial scheme, consisting two levels for irrigation water salinity (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 2.0 dS m-1) and four methods for hydrogen peroxide application (15 mM), (T1 = no peroxide application, T2= imbibition of seeds, T3 = at sowing, T4 = Foliar spraying), with five repetitions. It was evaluated the following variables at 58 days after transplanting: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. The results showed that salinity affected the growth, biomass accumulation and plant quality severely, with the highest losses promoted by the electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS m-1.

scholarly journals The efficiency of different moisture and nutrition conditions in early potato growing under drip irrigation in southern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Raisa Vozhehova ◽  
Galina Balashova ◽  
Liubov Boiarkina ◽  
Olesya Yuzyuk ◽  
Sergey Yuzyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Tuber Treatment ◽  
Southern Ukraine

The article presents field research results on the effectiveness of different moisture and nutrition conditions at the cultivation of early potato under drip irrigation in southern Ukraine. The scheme of the experiment included the treatment with the complex Mochevyn K as an additional control and different methods and correlation of fertilizers Plantafol (treatment of tubers before planting, fertilizing, at budding and their combination), as well as different soil moisture conditions (irrigation rates of 100 and 200 m?/ha). Studies have shown that the average yield of early potato without irrigation was 10.44 t/ha. Moisture conditions significantly affected the yield of young tubers - irrigation at a rate of 200 m?/ha provided 21.61 t/ha, whereas reducing the irrigation rate to 100 m?/ha led to a decrease in yield - 19.86 t/ha. The first treatment of planting tubers, treatment of plants at sprouting and during budding provided almost the same yield. The second and the third treatments of plants and tubers did not lead to a significant increase in yield. The highest productivity of potato was provided by Plantafol treatment of tubers and combination of tuber treatment with foliar feeding at mass sprouting phase with a 200 m?/ha irrigation rate for two years: 24.16 and 23.22 t/ha.

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