Effect of irrigation rate on Sudan grass yield, grown as a second crop

The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of irrigation rate on the yield of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan grass variety Endje-1 on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora, after its predecessor barley, was conducted. The Sudan grass was harvested in the brooming stage. Five variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control); Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); Variant 3 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the first watering; Variant 4 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the second watering; Variant 5 – irrigation as Var.2, but with removal of the third watering. It was found that the efficiency of 1m3 of irrigation water was the highest at the optimum variant (Var.2), where 5.36 kg of dry mass (DM) were produced by 1 m3 of water. With the removal of the second irrigation (Var.4), the yield on the dry mass decreased by 6.4% compared to the optimal variant (Var.2), and with the removal of the first irrigation (Var.3) the losses on the dry mass reached, 12.3%, respectively. The highest values of this indicator were obtained by varying the second irigation (Vаr.4) – 7.53 kgDM/m3 water. The coefficient of efficiency of the irrigation rate, representing the ratio between the increase of the yield (in comparison with the version without irrigation – Vаr.1), and the size of the realized irrigation norm had the highest value in the version without second irrigation (Vаr.4) and the lowest values for the version without first irrigation (Vаr.3).

DYNAMICS OF SEEDLING PLANTING MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH VERTICAL DISTRIBUTOR AND ARTICULATED BUCKETS PLANTING UNIT

In this work we make a comparative analysis of the dynamics for two variants of seedling planting machines equipped with distributors and articulated buckets respectively: with the seedlings being placed in the furrow opened by a coulter; with the seedling being planted directly into the ground. The dynamics of the seedling planting machine equipped with vertical distributors and articulated buckets is seen from the perspective of the working process involving the placement of the seedling in the ground, its release, its covering with earth and its additional compaction. In principle, furrow opening is performed by a coulter and the vertical distributor with articulated buckets places and releases the seedling in the furrow, in the first variant, and in the second one, the seedling is inserted and released directly into the ground. In the paper are written the mathematical relations describing the dynamics of the seedling planting machine, in the two variants, and we perform their testing, make recordings, interpret the results, reach conclusions and make recommendations on the optimum variant. The agro-technical parameters and tensile strength of the planting machine are analysed in the two functional variants. The experiments were performed under the same working conditions for both variants analysed.

Recycling of Waste Slag Upon Production of Manganese Ferroalloys

The mineral resources base of manganese ores is sufficiently large in Russia. However, their mining capacity is almost absent. This is due to the low quality of domestic manganese ores and the high content of phosphorus. To date, Russia has been obliged to import the commercial manganese ore, manganese-containing ferroalloys, metallic manganese, and manganese dioxide. To produce the high-carbon ferromanganese the composition of charge was developed. The optimum variant was that where 10–15% of manganese-containing raw materials were changed for waste slag. In this case, the phosphorus content in the high-carbon ferromanganese is lower by approximately 20 rel. % in comparison with the production of ferromanganese only from the manganese-containing raw materials. About 50–60 rel. % of manganese can be extracted from the waste slag of silicon-thermal production. To produce the hot metal, the composition of iron-bearing burden material was developed. The optimum variant was that where 100% of manganese raw materials were changed for the waste slag. In this case, upon production of hot metal, the specific consumptions of manganese raw materials and limestone were decreased by 100 and 20%, respectively. The phosphorus concentration in metal was lower by about 10 rel. % as compared to the production of hot metal only from the manganese raw materials. Up to 55% of manganese can be extracted from the waste slag of silicothermic production, which is irretrievably lost at present. Keywords: manganese ferroalloys, manganese-containing raw materials, waste slag, hot metal

Zero-Airgap Induction Motor Used to Drive a Transmission Oil Pump

In this paper, we propose a novel study concerning the future use of a zero-airgap induction motor in applications related to transmission oil pumps. The name of the machine comes from the fact that the rotor touches the stator as it spins. The use of such an eccentric motor provides the possibility to remove the mechanical part that is typically found in the transmission oil pump, increasing its efficiency in this way. We focused on determining the optimum variant of a zero-airgap small power induction motor from the point of view of the electrical and mechanical performance. As such, 18 topologies of induction motors with various numbers of pole pairs and rotor bars were designed and numerically analyzed. For the best variant from each category, different eccentricities were considered to evaluate this effect over the performances of the motors. For the best candidate, various analyses were performed in order to demonstrate the validity of this solution for the proposed application. Elements regarding the thermal analysis of this structure are also presented here.

Evaluation of Effect of the Excavator Cycle Duration on its Productivity

Hydraulic excavators currently used at open pit mines, in particular backhoes, are more maneuverable, mobile and have more digging capabilities than rope shovels. This makes them suitable for a variety of conditions: top and bottom digging, loading lower, higher and at the standing level. The variants of mutual arrangement of the excavator and the dump truck, respectively, affect the duration of the excavator cycle, which, in turn, directly affects the productivity of the excavator. This article evaluates changes in the productivity of an excavator, depending on its angle of rotation and options for digging and loading. It is determined that the smaller the swing angle of an excavator, the greater its impact on productivity. Based on the executed calculations relative decrease in productivity (in percent from the most optimum variant) is established. Results of work can be used at planning of open pit mining for the purpose of definition, for example, speed of mining front movement at change of parameters of an excavator face and a type of a digging and loading.

PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF LAND LAW AND URBAN PLANNING REGULATIONS WHEN DECIDING TO ESTABLISH SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES: LEGISLATIVE INNOVATIONS

The article deals with separate issues of application of new provisions of Russian legislation concerning an establishment of sanitary protection zones for newly constructed production facilities. The objective is to identify potential problems of application of the norms regarding the definition of the boundaries of a sanitary protection zone when deciding to establish it, in connection with the introduction of a new XIX chapter of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, and to develop proposals for their solution. Three different approaches to the determination of the boundaries of a sanitary protection zone, which can be used in making decisions on its establishment, have been identified, and specific proposals have been formulated to prevent the formation of contradictory law enforcement practices. For the research, a complex multilateral approach to the analysis of land, urban planning and sanitary-epidemiologic legislation for development of an optimum variant and uniform approaches at decision-making on an establishment of sanitary protection zones was used. The conclusion about expediency of accounting of urban planning zoning, as well as the type of permitted use of a land plot, its actual use when making a decision on the establishment of a sanitary protection zone is argued.

Delivery of Samples of Military Techniques of Foreign Manufacture to Arms: Pressing Questions of Metrological Maintenance

In the conditions of modern deepening of defense-industrial and military-technical cooperation with foreign powers pressing questions of metrological maintenance of statement on arms of Armed forces of Ukraine of samples (complexes) of arms of foreign manufacture are defined and proved. The structure chart of process of delivery of arms and the military techniques in the conditions of the special period is developed and systematized, delivery conditions are systematised: completeness of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques, an order of preparation of experts for service and operation of arms and the military techniques, representation of operational and other documentation in a state language, an order of codification, introduction in states and sheets. The basic requirements to metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture at stages of carrying out of under control operation and the established departmental tests are defined. Components of technical, organizational and standard bases of system of metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques at the specified stages and at the basic stage of life cycle of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques - an operation phase are defined and proved. It is recommended to use an optimum variant of operation of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture - operation on a technical condition which assumes definition and forecasting of a real condition of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques.

Technology of soil treatment in the rows of plantings seedlings and seedlings of forest and horticultural crops

Analysis of the level of mechanization in the cultivation of soil in the planting of seedlings and seedlings of forest and garden crops necessary for the destruction of weeds, soil content in the loose state, making the root layer of the soil of nutrients, etc., revealed that inter-row processing has a 100% level. However, it remains untreated rows of plants that includes the protection zone, which requires to perform operations on rows in significant expenditures of manual labor, constituting 40...50 people/hour in 1 hectare. The optimum variant of technology of planting care of seedlings seedlings of forest and horticultural crops would be the conversion of cultivators KRN working body, allows to conduct processing of soil in the rows of plants. At the same time, operations of soil treatment are carried out both in row and row spacing. All known methods of tillage in a row require the use of special working bodies that provide loosening of the soil in a row and cutting weeds. Such working bodies should provide the necessary protective zone around the plants. The developed design of the working body is installed on the row cultivator KRN over the processed row, which provides one-time processing of row spacing and rows. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of a special working body.

DESIGN OF THE RECUPERATOR ON PULSATING HEAT PIPES FOR OBJECTS OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX

The urgency of work is due to the expediency of ventilation systems development for structures and buildings with highly reliable energy-efficient recuperators. The ventilation systems of buildings and designs of air recuperators were analyzed and it wass determined that the optimum variant for a ventilation system of a private house would be a recuperator on heat pipes. The disadvantages of wick heat pipes were presented. The structure and principle of pulsating heat pipes were considered. The recuperator operation principle of pulsating heat pipes was given. A coolant was selected for the recuperator capillary vessel. The heat exchanger characteristics were calculated for pulsating heat pipes. The house ventilation system with the recuperator on the pulsating heat pipes was designed.

Determination of the Optimum Variant of the Material Solution of Building Constructions from the Aspect of Effectiveness of the Real Estate Development

The highest percentage proportion in the life cycle costs is represented by peripheral constructions. Determination of the optimum variant considered from the viewpoint of the economic effectiveness of real estate development is carried out by analyzing the investment and operating costs of peripheral constructions. The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between economic efficiency criteria and determine the optimal material variant of building constructions for the specific example.