Productivity and chemical composition of green biomass from Sudan grass, grown as a second crop, with optimal and insufficient water supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Rumen Bazitov ◽  
◽  
Stanimir Enchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Cinnamon Soil ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of the disturbed irrigation regime on the yield and the chemical composition of Sudan grass, grown as a second crop. To accomplish this goal, a trial was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora with Sudan grass on meadow-cinnamon soil under irrigated conditions. The following variants have been studied: 1 - without irrigation (control variant); variant 2 - optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); variant 3 - irrigation as in variant 2, but with the removal of the first watering; variant 4 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the second irrigation; variant 5 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the third watering. It was found that when growing Sudan grass as a second crop with optimal irrigation and disturbed irrigation regime done by canceling successive watering, the highest yield of dry biomass is obtained with optimal irrigation including three irrigations. Its yield increased by 24.2% compared to the control treatment. Irrigation of Sudan grass with only the second and the third irrigation in a row, without the first irrigation provided, leads to the lowest yield of dry biomass - 11290 kg / ha. Among the chemical composition indicators, the most significant change is observed in the content of the crude fat, followed by that of the crude fiber and crude protein, depending on the method of growing Sudan grass (with or without irrigation).

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation rate on Sudan grass yield, grown as a second crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Volume 13, Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Optimal Variant ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimum Variant ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of irrigation rate on the yield of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan grass variety Endje-1 on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora, after its predecessor barley, was conducted. The Sudan grass was harvested in the brooming stage. Five variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control); Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); Variant 3 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the first watering; Variant 4 – irrigation as Var.2 but with removal of the second watering; Variant 5 – irrigation as Var.2, but with removal of the third watering. It was found that the efficiency of 1m3 of irrigation water was the highest at the optimum variant (Var.2), where 5.36 kg of dry mass (DM) were produced by 1 m3 of water. With the removal of the second irrigation (Var.4), the yield on the dry mass decreased by 6.4% compared to the optimal variant (Var.2), and with the removal of the first irrigation (Var.3) the losses on the dry mass reached, 12.3%, respectively. The highest values of this indicator were obtained by varying the second irigation (Vаr.4) – 7.53 kgDM/m3 water. The coefficient of efficiency of the irrigation rate, representing the ratio between the increase of the yield (in comparison with the version without irrigation – Vаr.1), and the size of the realized irrigation norm had the highest value in the version without second irrigation (Vаr.4) and the lowest values for the version without first irrigation (Vаr.3).

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIETY OF HERBAGE MIXTURESVERSUSCONSTITUENTS AND SOWING TIME IN THE ARID STEPPE ZONE OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
А.I. Kurbanbayev ◽  
◽  
А.A. Baitelenova ◽  
A.B. Abdirova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Control Variant

The article describes the nutritional quality and chemical composition of a variety of herbage mixtures versus on the sowing time and constituents in the arid steppe zone of Kazakhstan. The biennium average data for the study years are given. The second and third decades of May were chosen as the sowing date. Three types of herbage mixtures were investigated in two sowing periods: 1. barley, peas, Sudan grass, hybrid of sorghum-Sudan grass, rapeseed; 2. barley, peas, Sudanese grass, hybrid of sorghum-Sudan grass, barnyard millet; 3. barley, peas, hybrid sorghum-Sudan grass, African millet. In the course of the sowing period, the content of crude protein in the herbage mixtures in the third decade of May was as high as in nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). Depending on the components of the herbage mixtures, the highest indicator of crude protein in the mixture of African millet was 2.87% and 2.74%. NFE in the herbage mixture of cockspur was higher by 0.07-0.16% than in the control variant (herbage mixture with rapeseed). Periods of emergence and germination of grain varieties in the composition of herbage mixtures coincided with the July precipitation, expressed by good leaf coverage, high content of crude protein, carotene, NFE compared to the control variant. The optimum sowing life, in terms of nutritional quality, chemical composition of herbage mixtures with African millet and barnyard millet in the dry steppe zone of Kazakhstan, was the third decade of May.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
R. Bazitov
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Water Reserve ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fertilization Regime on the Crop Performance and Chemical Composition of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivated in Central Greece

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Nikolaos Polyzos ◽  
Vasileios Antoniadis ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
The Impact

Potato cultivation is quite demanding in inorganic nutrients and adequate fertilization is a key factor for maximizing yield and producing tubers of high quality. In the present study, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of various forms of fertilization on crop performance and the nutritional value and chemical composition of two potato varieties (cv. Spunta and cv. Kennebec). For this purpose, five different fertilizer treatments were applied namely: control (C), standard fertilizer (T1), standard fertilizer + zeolite (T2), manure (T3) and slow release nitrogen fertilizer (T4). According to the results, it was observed that slow release treatment (T4) achieved the highest yield for both varieties, while the control treatment presented significantly lower yield compared to the studied fertilization regimes. The dry matter of leaves and shoots was higher in T1 treatment for cv. Kennebec and in T2 and T4 treatments for cv. Spunta, whereas the control treatment presented the highest dry matter content in tubers for cv. Kennebec and T2 and T3 treatments for cv. Spunta. A significant effect of the fertilization regime was also observed on the nutritional value of tubers and more specifically the protein, ash and fat content was increased by treatments T1 and T4, while carbohydrate content was also increased by T3 and T4 treatments for both varieties. Similarly, the total sugars, organic acids, β-carotene and lycopene content was increased in T3 treatment for the Spunta variety, while the antioxidant capacity showed a varied response depending on the fertilizer regime and the tested variety. In conclusion, the fertilization regime has a significant effect not only on the tuber yield but also on the quality of the final product and should be considered as an effective tool to increase the added value of potato crop.

scholarly journals Acidified Biogas Residues Improve Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Young Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Jens Torsten Mackens ◽  
Bruno Maximilian Görlach ◽  
Karl-Hermann Mühling
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Biogas Residues ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Phosphorous

Biogas residues (BGR) contain a variety of plant nutrients and are, therefore, valuable fertilizers. However, ammonia (NH3) emissions occur during slurry and BGR application. These emissions can be reduced by lowering the pH of the BGR. Acidification technology works well for slurry, but little is known about the effects on fertilizer properties of acidified BGR (ABGR). This study aimed to examine the impact of acidification on the chemical composition of BGR and its influence on plant growth of juvenile maize and the soil pH, as well as the soluble soil phosphorous (P) and manganese (Mn), after application of ABGR. The soluble amount of nutrients in BGR was compared with that in ABGR. In an outdoor pot experiment, BGR and ABGR were incorporated in soil, and maize was grown for 8 weeks. Two different BGR P levels were compared with (NH4)2HPO4 and a control treatment without additional P. BGR acidification increased dissolved amounts of P from 15% to 44%, calcium from 6% to 59%, magnesium from 7% to 37%, and Mn from 2% to 15%. The dry matter of ABGR-fertilized maize was 34%, 45% higher than that of BGR-fertilized maize. The soluble Mn content in the soil was 74% higher with the low ABGR dose and 222% higher with the higher ABGR dose than the BGR treatments. The fertilizer efficiency of ABGR was higher than that of BGR, indicating that the absolute amount of applied fertilizer could be reduced in systems using ABGR.

Social and political dimension of stigmatization: The development of Natasha and Maria images for immigrants in Istanbul

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Bayram Unal
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Law ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at understanding how the perceptions about migrants have been created and transferred into daily life as a stigmatization by means of public perception, media and state law implementations.  The focus would be briefly what kind of consequences these perceptions and stigmatization might lead. First section will examine the background of migration to Turkey briefly and make a summary of migration towards Turkey by 90s. Second section will briefly evaluate the preferential legal framework, which constitutes the base for official discourse differentiating the migrants and implementations of security forces that can be described as discriminatory. The third section deals with the impact of perceptions influential in both formation and reproduction of inclusive and exclusive practices towards migrant women. Additionally, impact of public perception in classifying the migrants and migratory processes would be dealt in this section.

Population Study on the Impact Food Chemical Composition on Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-964
Author(s):  
Andrei Vasile Olteanu ◽  
Georgiana Emmanuela Gilca Blanariu ◽  
Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽  
Dana Elena Mitrica ◽  
Elena Gologan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become of major interest worldwide, it is estimated that more than 20% of the general population suffer from liver steatosis. NAFLD is highly associated with metabolic risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, the patients diagnosed with NAFLD should adopt a high fiber low calorie diet, with reduced saturated fat and carbohydrates content, leading to weight loss and improvement of metabolic profile. Our study is aiming to shape the profile of the patient interested in being informed related to food quality and chemical composition and to evaluate the aspects on the food products label which are important for the customer. Between June 2017 and December 2017, 83 patients diagnosed with NASH were included in the study, representing the study group, while 33 subjects, without metabolic syndrome or digestive diseases, selected from patient list belonging to two general practitioners, constituted the control group. Related to the interest of being informed about the chemical composition and nutritional value of the products bought, the study showed a low interest for the provided information on nutritional value. lack of confidence in the provided information and complexity of the information are understandable, the high number of subject reasoning through lack of immediate clinical benefit is surprising. Among the healthy population the willingness to pay attention to this aspect is extremely low.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽  
Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽  
Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽  
Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽  
Hameda A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

Impact Analysis of the Mechanization Program for Tribal Paddy Farmers of Goa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHALA JULIET GUPTA ◽  
ASHISH M. PITRE ◽  
SUMATI CHAVAN PANDURNAG ◽  
SALONI SALIL VANJARI
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers’ groups of Goa benefited in the year 2011 through the Tribal sub-plan program of ICAR-CCARI through results of surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015. Shift to mechanization among beneficiaries was significant in power tillers (64-100%) but less in power reapers(0-91%). Also significant saving in manpower (Power tillers:33.3% to 60%, power reapers: 33.3% to 83.3%), , time (field capacity increased (power tillers : 41.7% to141%, power reapers :58.1% to 912.8%) and cost(power tillers :44.7% to 59.1%, power reapers : 57.8% to 82.9%) was reportedthrough the use of equipment as compared to desi plough or manual methods of harvesting. Some constraints like lack of access roads and training in use and maintenance of the equipment were reported by the beneficiary farmers.

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