scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in goats on the island of Tenerife, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Rossana Abreu ◽  
Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez ◽  
María Lecuona ◽  
Beatriz Castro-Hernández ◽  
Juan Carlos González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) in healthy goats on the Island of Tenerife, Spain, as well as to identify the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the strains found. A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted. A total of 158 goats from 15 different farms were sampled between September 2017 and January 2018. The percentage of positive samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 15.8% (25/158) and that of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) was 6.9% (11/158). All MRSA isolates from goats belonged to one clonal group showing Multi-Locus Sequence type 398. All strains studied (n = 36) were resistant to non-carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics and susceptible to teicoplanin, linezolid, vancomycin, rifampicin, quinupristin-dalfospristin and mupirocine. In MRSA isolates, the highest percentage of resistance obtained, besides beta-lactam non-carbapenem antibiotics, was to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and, in the case of MRCoNS isolates, to phosphomycin and erythromycin. A total of 12 resistance patterns were obtained, presenting differences between patterns obtained for MRSA and MRCoNS, with 7 different patterns for MRSA and 5 for MRCoNS. We therefore consider it essential to expand the epidemiological study of these strains of animal origin, as well as to increase surveillance and control measures at all stages of the food chain.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Sensitivity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci to Single Antibiotics and Their Combinations

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA SZYMAŃSKA ◽  
MAGDALENA SZEMRAJ ◽  
ELIGIA M. SZEWCZYK
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Species Specific

The activity of beta-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cloxacillin, cephalotin), vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin applied in vitro individually and in combination against 37 nosocomial methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was assessed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of this group of bacteria and estimate the chance of the efficacy of such therapy. The strains belonged to four species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis. They originated from a hospital environment and from the skin of medical staff of the intensive care unit of a paediatric ward at a university hospital. All strains were methicillin-resistant, according to CLSI standards, but individual strains differed in MIC(ox) values. Susceptibility to other tested antibiotics was also characteristic for the species. The increased susceptibility to antibiotics in combinations, tested by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, concerned 26 out of 37 investigated strains and it was a feature of a particular species. Combinations of vancomycin and cephalotin against S. epidermidis and oxacillin with vancomycin were significant, as well as cephalotin and rifampicin in growth inhibition of multiresistant S. haemolyticus strains.

Molecular Study of Immune Evasion Cluster Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Samah Sabry El-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Immune Evasion Cluster

Aims: The aim of the present research was to highlight the prevalence of immune evasion cluster genes (IEC) sak, chp, scn, sea, sep among Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates. Background: The present study was a cross-sectional retrospective study, included one hundred isolates of S. aureus that were isolated from patients with nosocomial infections. S. aureus isolates were subjected to full microbiological identification and antibiotics sensitivity testing by the disc diffusion method. The presence of IEC genes scn, sea, sak, sep, chp was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: The current study included 100 S. aureus isolates; 40% were classified as methicillin resistant. The isolates exhibited marked resistance to beta lactams antibiotics, the lowest resistance was to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. The presence of one or more IEC was determined in 89 isolates. The prevalence of chp, sak, sea, sep and scn was 54%, 53%, 8%, 7% and 30%, respectively. Results: S. aureus isolates with IEC genes had increased resistance rates to the studied antibiotics; however, this increase was statistically insignificant either to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as amoxacillin/clavulinic acid (P=0.794), ampicillin (P=0.561), cefotaxim (P=0.271), ceftazidime (P=0.145), imipenem (P=0.589) or non beta-lactam antibiotics, such as amikacin (P=0.955) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazale (P=0.974). From 40 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, 37 isolates harbor one or more immune evasion cluster genes. Conclusion: The high prevalence of these genes among MRSA may explain its pathogenesis. There is a need for studies with a high number of isolates to verify the present findings.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Resistance Patterns to Non Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials in Esbl-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Dogs and Their Owners

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Andreea Paula COZMA ◽  
Iulia Elena MĂCIUCĂ ◽  
Cătălin CARP-CĂRARE ◽  
Cristina RIMBU ◽  
Eleonora GUGUIANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Synergy Test

Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are resistant to beta-lactam agents and are also commonly multidrug resistant being associated with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics.The aim of our study was to characterise resistance patterns in non-beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from faecal matter of pets and owners.The study was carried out on 63 samples of faecal matter (42 from pets and 21 from owners). The ESBL screening was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Oxoid chromogenic medium. The isolated strains that generated characteristic presumptive ESBL-producing colonies were cultivated on 5% sheep blood medium for the extraction of bacterial DNA using the boiled preps technique. The confirmation of E. coli species was performed molecularly based on the detection of blauidA and blauspA genes. Other Enterobacteriaceae species were identified based on the minimum biochemical characteristics using the MIU and TSI medium. The phenotypical confirmation of presumptive ESBL-producing strains was carried out using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) using a combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitor agents. The determination of the resistance degree in other classes of antibiotics was carried out through the Kirby-Bauer diffusimetric method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI standard.Following the species investigation of isolates, 60/63 (95.28%) belonged to the E. coli species and 3/63 (4.72%) to the K. pneumoniae species. Animal isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (54.76% resistance to SXT), fluoroquinolones (45.23% resistance to ENR) and tetracyclines (54.75% resistance to TE). In addition to strains of animal origin for isolates of human origin, an increased resistance has been noticed to phenicols and aminoglycosides.This study has identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains and associated with multidrug resistance for pets and their owners.

scholarly journals METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS, A NEW THREAT IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Ljubica Bratić ◽  
Sara Savić ◽  
Dalibor Todorović ◽  
Bojana Prunić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Sequence Types

In this paper we briefl y described the worldwide distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs and cats. Th e most common sequence type of MRSP strains in dogs is ST71 as it was detected in isolates on four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America). However, several diff erent MRSP sequence types are detected in small animals, and the presence of new genetic variants is continually reported. Sometimes isolates belonging to the same sequence type (ST) are detected in dogs, cats, their owners, and veterinarians. MRSP is oft en multidrug-resistant and its resistance patterns are usually linked to certain sequence types. Th e resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofl oxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is also recorded. Taking into account that MRSP tends to confer multidrug-resistant phenotype, it is quite challenging for veterinarians to give adequate therapy in clinically ill animals. It would seem as if the signifi cance of MRSP in the clinical epidemiology of humans is not fi rmly established. However, the importance of MRSP in human medicine should not be underestimated given the fact that all methicillinresistant Staphylococcus spp. carry resistance and virulence genes and have the potential to share their genetic elements with other bacteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sensitivity of modified star protocol microbiological method for beta-lactame antibiotics detection in raw cow milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Branka Borovic ◽  
Danka Spiric ◽  
Branko Velebit ◽  
Vesna Djordjevic ◽  
Brankica Lakicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Antibiotic residues when present in animal tissues, through food chain, can enter human body, causing allergic reactions or facilitating the development of resistant bacterial strains. In order to determine the presence of antibiotics in animal tissues, it is appropriate to use convenient, reliable and sensitive methods. Microbiological methods applied for the detection of antibiotic residues in primary products of animal origin are based on the sensitivity of specific bacterial strains to a particular group of antibiotics. Regulatives on the amount of pesticides, metals and metalloids and other toxic substances, chemotherapeutics, anabolics and other substances which can be found in food ("Off. Gazette", No. 5/92, 11/92 - corr. and 32/02), state that milk and milk products can be used in commercial purposes only if not contain antibiotics in quantities that can be detected by reference methods. The applied method is modified STAR (Screening test for detection of antibiotics) protocol, regulated by the CRL (Community Reference Laboratory) Fougeres, France, in which the initial validation of the method had been carried out. In accordance with the demands of Regulative Commission EC No657/2002, the sensitivity of modified STAR protocol for beta lactam antibiotics group was examined , that is, there was carried out a contracted validation of the method, which initial validation had been performed at CRL. In a couple of series of experiments, 20 blank samples of raw cow milk originating from animals not treated by antibiotics, had been examined. By the beginning of the experiment samples were stored in a freezer at -20?C. Samples of raw cow milk enriched by working solutions of seven beta-lactam antibiotics, in order to obtain concentrations at the level of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 MRL (Maximmum Residue Limit) for each given antibiotic (Commission Regulation EC No. 37/2010). For detection of beta-lactam antibiotics, there was used Kundrat agar test with previously inoculated G.stearothermophilus ATCC 10149 strain. Aliquots of 30 _l of working solution at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 MRL concentration level, for each antibiotic, were inflicted on two paper disks placed on inoculated Kundrat agar surface. Petri plates with Kundrat agar previously inoculated with G.stearothermophilus , on which the samples were deposited, were incubated for 12-15h at 55oC. The obtained width of microorganisms growth inhibition zone, that is supposed to be at least 2.0 mm, measured from the disc edge, demonstrated the capability to detect all the tested 7 antibiotics from the beta lactam group at a level below the MRLs. Consequently, this proves that use of this method it is possible to meet the demands of Regulative Commission EC No. 37/2010.

scholarly journals Full-Genome Sequencing Identifies in the Genetic Background Several Determinants That Modulate the Resistance Phenotype in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carrying the Novel mecC Gene

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Milheiriço ◽  
Hermínia de Lencastre ◽  
Alexander Tomasz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the presence of the mecA gene, encoding an extra penicillin-binding protein (PBP2A) that has low affinity for virtually all beta-lactam antibiotics. Recently, a new resistance determinant—the mecC gene—was identified in S. aureus isolates recovered from humans and dairy cattle. Although having typically low MICs to beta-lactam antibiotics, MRSA strains with the mecC determinant are also capable of expressing high levels of oxacillin resistance when in an optimal genetic background. In order to test the impact of extensive beta-lactam selection on the emergence of mecC-carrying strains with high levels of antibiotic resistance, we exposed the prototype mecC-carrying MRSA strain, LGA251, to increasing concentrations of oxacillin. LGA251 was able to rapidly adapt to high concentrations of oxacillin in growth medium. In such laboratory mutants with increased levels of oxacillin resistance, we identified mutations in genes with no relationship to the mecC regulatory system, indicating that the genetic background plays an important role in the establishment of the levels of oxacillin resistance. Our data also indicate that the stringent stress response plays a critical role in the beta-lactam antibiotic resistance phenotype of MRSA strains carrying the mecC determinant.

scholarly journals Antibiotic treatment and resistance in chronic wounds of vascular origin

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tzaneva ◽  
Irena Mladenova ◽  
Galina Todorova ◽  
Dimitar Petkov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Wide Range

Background and aim. The problem of antibiotic resistance is worldwide and affects many types of pathogens. This phenomenon has been growing for decades and nowadays we are faced with a wide range of worrisome pathogens that are becoming resistant and many pathogens that may soon be untreatable. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance and antibiotic treatment in chronic wounds of vascular origin.Methods. We performed a cross sectional study on a sample of patients with chronic vascular wounds, hospitalized between October 2014 and August 2015, in the Clinic of Vascular Surgery in Trakia Hospital Stara Zagora. The statistical analysis of data was descriptive, considering the p value of ≤0.05, the threshold of statistical significance.Results. In the group of 110 patients, the significantly most frequent chronic wound (p<0.001) was peripheral arteriopathy (47.3%, CI95%: 38.19-56.54). Among 159 strains, 30% of patients having multiple etiology, the species most frequently isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis with a significant predominance (p<0.05) of the Gram negative (55.1%). The spectrum of strains resistance included the Beta-lactams (36.4%, p<0.001), Macrolides (20%), Tetracyclines (9.1%), Aminoglycosides (8.2%) and Fluoroquinolones (4.5%).Conclusions. Gram negative microorganisms were the main isolates in patients with vascular chronic wound. Significantly predominant was the resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics.

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