scholarly journals Kontaktkutatás, vezetői információs rendszer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Eszter Bokányi ◽  
Péter Pollner ◽  
Tamás Joó
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
List Type ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
Representation Technique ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
Analytical Tools

Összefoglaló. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk a hazai COVID-járvány első hulláma során kidolgozott informatikai megoldást, amely a kontaktkutatást hálózattudományi megközelítés alapján segítette, és hozzájárult az első hullám sikeres megfékezéséhez. A kifejlesztett vizuális reprezentációs technika látványos és részletekbe menő megértést, problémafeltárást képes biztosítani a járványügyi szakemberek számára. A grafikus elemek segítenek a gyors megértésben, a különböző hálózati elrendezések bizonyos jelenségekre, például gócpontokra, fertőzési klikkekre vagy a földrajzi terjedésre irányíthatják a figyelmet. A böngészőből történő futtatás alacsony technológiai belépési küszöböt biztosít a társterületeken kutatók számára, nekik így nem szükséges a problémafeltáráshoz külön szoftvereket telepíteni. Az adatbázis SQL-alapú szűrése a vizualizációs felületről lehetőséget biztosít összetettebb kérdések megfogalmazására is. Summary. In our study, we present an IT solution developed during the first wave of the domestic COVID epidemic. This tool served as an aid for contact tracing. The development focused on the network scientific aspects and contributed to the successful handling of the first wave. In case of absence of effective drugs or vaccines, controlling a contagious disease can only be achieved by preventing its spread. To this end infectious individuals must be identified, patients, exposed to the infection must be identified, the epidemic branching points that cause the greatest infection must be uncovered, information on the course of the disease must be collected, temporal and efficacy parameters must be determined, and potential cases of infection must be described. One possible way to accomplish these tasks is achieved by contact tracing. Classical contact tracing is carried out by personal data collection, during which the commissioned epidemiologist has to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire basically includes data used to identify the infected person, as well as the data of the persons who were in contact with the infected person, i.e. in contact with them. The effectiveness of the research is also enhanced if the questionnaire records disease-related parameters (e.g., symptoms, timing-related times, etc.) as well. Once the disease is known, questionnaires can be designed according to a definite template format, the organization of data collection groups and the associated costs can be planned in advance. However, in the case of a new, unknown disease, flexibility and the ability to adapt quickly during data collection are of paramount importance. The developed visual representation technique is able to provide spectacular and detailed understanding and a problem-solving user interface for epidemiologists. Graphical elements help in quick understanding, different network layouts can direct the attention to certain phenomena such as focal points, infectious cliques, or geographical spreading patterns. Running from a browser provides a low technology entry threshold for researchers in other scientific fields, so they don’t need to install separate software. The SQL-based filtering of the database on the visualization interface also provides an opportunity to study more complex questions. Thus, with the help of the presented computer system, a relational database can be generated from the initially unstructured data of the contact research protocols through several steps. The relational database is made available to analysts and decision-makers. As the final balance of the first wave of COVID-19 in Hungary showed, data from well-organized contact research and processed in appropriate analytical tools can provide important information for controlling the epidemic and saving lives.

scholarly journals Limits of data anonymity: lack of public awareness risks trust in health system activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gille ◽  
Caroline Brall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Online News ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Public ◽  
Privacy And Anonymity

AbstractPublic trust is paramount for the well functioning of data driven healthcare activities such as digital health interventions, contact tracing or the build-up of electronic health records. As the use of personal data is the common denominator for these healthcare activities, healthcare actors have an interest to ensure privacy and anonymity of the personal data they depend on. Maintaining privacy and anonymity of personal data contribute to the trustworthiness of these healthcare activities and are associated with the public willingness to trust these activities with their personal data. An analysis of online news readership comments about the failed care.data programme in England revealed that parts of the public have a false understanding of anonymity in the context of privacy protection of personal data as used for healthcare management and medical research. Some of those commenting demanded complete anonymity of their data to be willing to trust the process of data collection and analysis. As this demand is impossible to fulfil and trust is built on a false understanding of anonymity, the inability to meet this demand risks undermining public trust. Since public concerns about anonymity and privacy of personal data appear to be increasing, a large-scale information campaign about the limits and possibilities of anonymity with respect to the various uses of personal health data is urgently needed to help the public to make better informed choices about providing personal data.

scholarly journals Towards Self-Awareness Privacy Protection for Internet of Things Data Collection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok-Seng Wong ◽  
Myung Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Data Collector ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Secure Protocol ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is now an emerging global Internet-based information architecture used to facilitate the exchange of goods and services. IoT-related applications are aiming to bring technology to people anytime and anywhere, with any device. However, the use of IoT raises a privacy concern because data will be collected automatically from the network devices and objects which are embedded with IoT technologies. In the current applications, data collector is a dominant player who enforces the secure protocol that cannot be verified by the data owners. In view of this, some of the respondents might refuse to contribute their personal data or submit inaccurate data. In this paper, we study a self-awareness data collection protocol to raise the confidence of the respondents when submitting their personal data to the data collector. Our self-awareness protocol requires each respondent to help others in preserving his privacy. The communication (respondents and data collector) and collaboration (among respondents) in our solution will be performed automatically.

scholarly journals STIGMA-STATISTIK: Når dagsordener sættes i dansk aids-politik

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Seeberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Aids Policy ◽  
The Impact

Jens Seeberg: Stigma Statistics: Agendas in the Making in Danish AIDS Policy This article explores a number of paradoxes and assumptions in the public debate on AIDS in Denmark. They form part of a recurrent attack on the Danish ‘soft line’ AIDS policy that maintains anonymity and voluntary HIV-testing. One central issue in recent years has been obligatory testing of asylum seekers from high risk areas as a precondition for considering the asylum request. Especially asylum seekers from African countries are pointed out as constituting a major threat to the native Danish population in terms of spread of HIV. This is shown to rest on a misreading of the official statistics, repeated as often as the statistics themselves. The assumption that there is a basic clash between the human rights of the HIV-infected person and the population in general is discussed. This conceived clash rests on the assumption that restrictions of the human rights of the HIV-infected person will provide efficient protection for the noninfected majority. The potential counterproductive effects of this line of thought are discussed. Contact tracing is sometimes considered as an effective preventive measure. Part of the critique of the present AIDS policy States that contact tracing is virtually non-existing and that this has a major negative impact on the preventive efforts. It is argued that while the impact of contact tracing in itself may be rather limited, the lack of contact tracing may be seen as a symptom of insufficient counselling. While obligatory HIV testing may never be practiced in Denmark, its recurrent appearance on the agenda serves to provoke a defensive stand among AIDS policy makers. It is argued that this debate has hitherto had the effect of keeping the needs of HIV-infected people - and especially HIV-infected immigrants — away from public debate and serious concern.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in computational pathology

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107024
Author(s):  
Tom Sorell ◽  
Nasir Rajpoot ◽  
Clare Verrill
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Slide Image ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Computational Pathology

This paper explores ethical issues raised by whole slide image-based computational pathology. After briefly giving examples drawn from some recent literature of advances in this field, we consider some ethical problems it might be thought to pose. These arise from (1) the tension between artificial intelligence (AI) research—with its hunger for more and more data—and the default preference in data ethics and data protection law for the minimisation of personal data collection and processing; (2) the fact that computational pathology lends itself to kinds of data fusion that go against data ethics norms and some norms of biobanking; (3) the fact that AI methods are esoteric and produce results that are sometimes unexplainable (the so-called ‘black box’problem) and (4) the fact that computational pathology is particularly dependent on scanning technology manufacturers with interests of their own in profit-making from data collection. We shall suggest that most of these issues are resolvable.

Potential of ICT in India to Cater Pandemics in Healthcare Sector with Special Reference to Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Zafar Majeed Rather ◽  
Magray Ajaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Corona Virus

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 corona virus pandemic. As of 9 June 2020, more than 7.12 million cases have been reported across 187 countries and territories, resulting in more than 406,000 deaths. More than 3.29 million people have recovered. The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. The disease has been given official name as COVID-19[1]. Since its outbreak in china, infrared thermometers were used to check the body temperature in order to identify the infected people. Countries like China and Korea started the use of different technologies to detect, track and prevent the spread of this deadly virus. Among the major technologies used are Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning. With the invent of 5G technologies, we are able to transfer and process huge amounts of data on a real time basis. Health experts have argued that a key tool at governments’ disposal to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, and which was not around during the 1918 Spanish Flu, is the ability to harness digital technologies to track the spread. At the same time, deployment of contact tracing apps by governments or public health authorities has added to the debate on online privacy and personal data protection. In this research paper, we discuss the potential application of different information and communication technologies (ICT) like IoT, AI and 5G that can help in (i) Monitoring (ii) surveillance (iii) detection and prevention of COVID-19 and enhancing the healthcare to make it future-ready for any such diseases like COVID-19.

scholarly journals 4162 Improving Data Capacity and Predictive Capability of NSQIP-P Using Designed Sampling from Databases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Martha-Conley Ingram ◽  
Yao Tian ◽  
Sanjay Mehrotra ◽  
Dan Apley ◽  
Mehul V Raval
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
List Type ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Surgical Quality ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Study Population

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Designed sampling from databases (DSD) methods have been used to cross-check electronic medical records for errors, structure study design, and, we hypothesize, can be used to make data collection for surgical quality metrics more efficient, particularly within national databases. We plan to apply statistical and DSD methods to accomplish the following aims: 1.Identify the most important elements in managing post-operative pain2.Identify the most informative procedure or population-based targets to focus collection of additional, labor-intense detail surrounding adequacy of pain control (i.e., Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)).METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our study population includes all children, ages 1-18 years, captured in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) from 2019 to 2021. We plan to apply statistical (regression modeling) and DSD methods to accomplish the aims listed above. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: For Aim 1, we expect to identify patient, procedure, and perioperative pain management practices that influence postoperative pain. For Aim 2, we will focus on outcomes such as PROMs that are challenging to obtain. By applying DSD methods, we will identify specific procedure and/or population-based cohorts to capture PROMs and decrease data collection burdens, while maintaining power, as the project is scaled nationally to all of NSQIP-P. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Data from this study will inform expansion of NSQIP-P to collect novel outcomes of clinical and societal importance without prohibitively increasing data collection burden.

scholarly journals P64 Implementation of a paediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (p-OPAT) service at a specialist children’s hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e39.2-e40
Author(s):  
Hannah Porter ◽  
Kate Stock
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
One Year

AimThe aim of this project is to optimise patient care, enhance patient experience, improve antimicrobial stewardship and assist patient flow through the hospital.MethodData collection was conducted one day a week over five consecutive weeks. All eligible wards were visited. Patient medication charts were inspected to see if intravenous antimicrobials were prescribed and a patient - specific data collection form was then completed. All the patients that met the eligibility criteria to be put forward for OPAT referral were then considered from a clinical perspective by a paediatric consultant as to their suitability for OPAT or IVOST and discharge. If the patient was deemed suitable for an OPAT discharge or IVOST and discharge a decision was made as to what antimicrobials they would theoretically have been on when discharged home. The number of potential bed days saved was calculated as the number of days between the patients review by the consultant (ie the day of data collection) and the date of their discharge prescription from that episode of care.The following was examinedpercentage of patients with identified pathogenspercentage of patients that had received input from the ID teampercentage of patients that had received input from microbiologythe prevalence of antimicrobials prescribedthe location of the patient’s home residencepatient/parent willingness to go home on OPAT.The data for patient numbers and bed day savings was then extrapolated to 52 weeks in order to be indicative of one year.ResultsOver the five days, 66 patients were identified that met the exclusion criteria to be referred for OPAT or IVOST. After clinical consideration the consultant deemed 4 patients to be suitable for OPAT and 19 for IVOST and discharge which generated a potential bed day saving of 38 bed days. This was comprised of 17 days through providing IVAs via OPAT and 21 days from timelier IVOST and discharge of patients. Extrapolated to be representative of one year, this would be a bed saving to the Trust of 1, 976 bed days.ConclusionThe potential has been identified for the hospital to make considerable bed day savings through the investment in an extended antimicrobial stewardship programme and establishment of a paediatric OPAT service. A business case has been submitted to the hospital board for consideration, with the hope that the service will be funded for a six month probationary period in order to assess its impact over the winter months, when demand for beds and pressures on PICU and theatres are highest.ReferencesPatel S, et al. 2015. Good practice recommendations for paediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (p-OPAT) in the UK: a consensus statement. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy2015;702:360–373.Carter B, et al. Delivery, setting and outcomes of paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): a scoping review. BMJ Open, 2018;8:e021603.Hodgson KA, et al. The use, appropriateness and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2016:10:886–893.Knackstedt ED, et al. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in pediatrics: an opportunity to expand antimicrobial stewardship. Infection Control & Hospital „Epidemiology 2015:36:222–224.

P09 ‘there’s no place like home’: reducing paediatric discharge steps

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. e1.13-e1
Author(s):  
Barbour Emma ◽  
Collins Catherine ◽  
Mclister Niamh
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
List Type ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
Ward Level

AimTo determine the efficiency of dispensing paediatric discharges at dispensary vs ward level.MethodA data collection form was designed for use during a two-phase audit. During the first week of data collection, the turnaround time of dispensing discharges in the dispensary was collected. In the second week, the turnaround time of dispensing discharges at ward level on the paediatric ward was recorded.The dispensary standard of a 60 min turnaround for medium priority discharges1 was used for both weeks. Medical, surgical and ENT prescriptions were all included in the audit.ResultsInformation relating to 23 discharges was collected during week one at dispensary level. In week 2, 21 discharges were assessed.When assessing the minimum and maximum time taken from when a patient was informed of their discharge to medications being given, there was a reduction of 98 min when completed at ward level for minimum time and 75 min for the maximum time.The average turnaround time for dispensing prescriptions was 94 min at dispensary level and 26 min at ward level. Only 57% of discharges completed in the dispensary met the standard turnaround time of 60 min compared to 100% completed at ward level. Discharge prescription turnaround time was decreased by 72% when completed at ward level.In total sixteen discharge steps were identified using the traditional dispensary based method for discharges. These ranged from the patient being told they can go home on the ward round to the prescription being written and sent to pharmacy, and finally returned to the ward for transfer to the patient.The process of dispensing discharges at ward level enabled a reduction of 50% of the sixteen steps, subsequently expediting the discharge process.ConclusionWhen discharges were completed at ward level standards were met 100% of the time and a reduction in eight discharge steps was accomplished. Thus highlighting that a ward level dispensing service is necessary on the paediatric ward in this District General Hospital.ReferenceWallace K. Prescription Tracker System (PTS). Patient services District General Hospital2014.

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