scholarly journals Nemi különbségek a dohányzás gyakoriságában hazánkban 2010 és 2018 között

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (52) ◽  
pp. 2047-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ede Kékes ◽  
István Barna ◽  
Tenno Daiki ◽  
Gergely Dankovics
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
International Data ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Screening Program ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract: Introduction: The harmful effects represent an important public health problem in tha world. Aim: Our aim is to report and compare the results of screenings performed in Hungary’s Comprehensive Health Screening Program 2010–2020–2030 (MÁESZ) with international data. Method: During the 9-year continuous screening, we analyzed the data of 71 922 women and 60 934 men in the 18–80-year-old population and examined the occurrence of regular daily smokers. Data were collected with the help of special screening data sheets. Results: 24.4% of males and 24.2% of females smoked regularly during the 9-year screening period. Between 2012 and 2015, smoking prevalence showed a temporary significant decline, then, from 2016, it started to increase again. The downturn coincided with the opening of national tobacco stores. In men, the proportion of smokers was significantly higher in young adults (18–25 years) than in women. Later in life, the difference leveled off and even between 46–55 years, the prevalence of smoking was greater in women. There is a difference in smoking patterns between the two genders, which is probably related to marriage and motherhood in women. After 56 years, the proportion of smokers in both genders decreased rapidly. The prevalence of smoking in Hungary in all age groups significantly exceeds the European and world average. Transient increases in middle-aged women have also been reported in European surveys. Conclusion: Compared to 2010, the proportion of smokers has decreased in Hungary, but a new surge observed after 2015 is not a positive phenomenon. We find the high proportion of smoking women worrying. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(52): 2047–2053.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Problem In Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Mostafa Abdel Aal ◽  
Noha El-Mashad ◽  
Dalia Magdi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Compliance To Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It has been present in humans since antiquity. In the past, tuberculosis has been called consumption, because it seemed to consume people from within, with a bloody cough, fever, pallor, and long relentless wasting. In Egypt, TB constitutes the second most important public health problem after schistosomiasis. Although Egypt has relatively low levels of TB according to data from the World Health of Organization, 2005:66% of TB cases occur among the socially and economically productive age groups of 15 to 54 years. According to Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), Egypt; tuberculosis control is carried out through 111 chest centers and 39 chest disease hospitals. Treatment failure accounts for 3%–5%of the treatment outcome of new smear positive cases and 13%–17% of retreated cases and this is due to non-compliance to treatment, defi cient health education to the patient, poor patient knowledge regarding the disease and diabetes mellitus as co-morbid. The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in Egypt has been declining due to increased efforts of the MOHP. Prevalence dropped from 88/100,000 population in 1990 to 24 in 2008, according to data from WHO. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 43-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8677

COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SCREENING PROGRAM OF HUNGARY BETWEEN 2010–2020. RESULTS OF THE 2010–2016 PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e142
Author(s):  
I. Barna ◽  
T. Daiki ◽  
G. Dankovics ◽  
E. Kékes ◽  
I. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Health Screening Program

scholarly journals The incidence of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) in pre-school and school aged children in the Eastern Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
Z. Vasilková ◽  
V. Vargová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Helminth infections caused by Enterobius vermicularis have a cosmopolitan character and most often affect the paediatric pre-school and school age population. The presented study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the analyzed population of children in the Eastern Slovakia. The Graham’s scotch tape method was used to investigate the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 390 specimens. The analyzed set consisted of 218 girls and 172 boys, divided by age into three groups - aged from 5 months to 2 years, aged from 3 to 6 years, and aged from 7 to 15 years. Investigation of perianal scotch tapes of children for the presence of E. vermicularis eggs revealed the prevalence of E. vermicularis was P = 3.59 %. Depending on the incidence of E. vermicularis infection, we detected no statistically signifi cant difference (p> 0.05). The prevalence of E. vermicularis in boys was P = 4.07 %, and in girls P = 3.21 %. The highest prevalence of E. vermicularis was recorded in the group of children aged from 3 to 6 years (P = 5.03 %). Most of the samples were positive at age 4 and 5. The lowest prevalence was in the group of children aged from 5 months to 2 years (P = 0.97 %), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the group of children aged from 7 to 15 was P = 3.91 %. The difference in the incidence of E. vermicularis infection among different age groups of children was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Enterobius vermicularis nematode infection and enterobiasis currently represents a major public health problem in Slovakia. At the present its occurrence is the most frequent in the paediatric population. Therefore it is important to introduce a targeted hygienic-epidemiological measure in children’s collectives, what also should include proper and effective diagnostics and frequent recurrent therapy.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Atopic Bronchial Asthma in Seniors over 80 Years of Age

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bożek ◽  
Marek Filipowski ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Jerzy Jarzab
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Methacholine Test ◽  
Elderly Asthmatics

Background. Asthma in the elderly is an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of asthma in seniors.Materials and Methods. The study involved 105 people of at least 80 years of age (mean age of 84.1 ± 3.9 years) selected from a group of 1860 individuals. Spirometry, the methacholine test, allergy diagnosis, a measurement of exhaled nitric oxide, and administration of the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) were performed.Results. The average morbidity of asthma in the study population of elderly people (at least 80 years of age) was 5.6% (105 people) of the confidence interval (95% CI: 5.1–6.0). In the study group, 34% of the elderly asthmatics had uncontrolled asthma, 47% had partly controlled asthma, and only 24% had fully controlled asthma. Allergy to house dust mites was predominant. The average total score on the AQLQ was 4.12 ± 0.72 (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation) for the seniors, which was significantly lower than the score for the young.Conclusion. The pathogenesis, natural history, and value of the basic diagnostic methods of asthma in the elderly are similar to those observed in younger age groups.

scholarly journals Independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents: Results of the study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents–Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246445
Author(s):  
Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade ◽  
Juliana Souza Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Sá Leal ◽  
Poliana Coelho Cabral ◽  
Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Distribution

Considering the current changes in dietary patterns and the increasing prevalence of excess weight throughout the world, several studies have reported insulin resistance, which is a key driver of many chronic diseases, to be an important public health problem in all age groups. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and independent predictors of insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic, representative sample of Brazilian adolescents (n = 37,023) who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant micronutrient intake (vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and classified based on the 75th percentile of the sample distribution. Insulin resistance was detected in 27% of the adolescents and was more prevalent among those aged 12 to 14 years (PR: 1.26 [95%CI: 1.13;1.41]), those residing in the southern and south-eastern regions of the country (PR: 1.47 [95%CI: 1.27;1.70]), those who were physically inactive (PR: 1.12 [95%CI: 1.02;1.23]), and those did not consume alcohol (PR: 1.50 [95%CI: 1.13;1.99]). The prevalence of insulin resistance was 2.5-fold higher among individuals with severe obesity (PR: 2.49 [95%CI: 2.07;3.00]). Waist circumference indicative of cardiovascular risk and high serum triglyceride levels increased the likelihood of insulin resistance (PR: 1.37 [95%CI: 1.19;1.59] and 1.60 [95%CI: 1.45;1.78], respectively). The prevalence of the outcome was higher among adolescents in the lower quartiles of vitamin E intake (p<0.05). In the present study, the prevalence of insulin resistance was high among Brazilian adolescents and we identified sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary predictors of this outcome.

scholarly journals Investigation of suicide deaths in Turkey between 2015 and 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Mean

Background and objectives: Although suicide is the act of an individual, it is an important public health problem that affects the individual's environment and also society. Approximately 800,000 people die by suicide each year. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of fatal suicides in Turkey between 2015 and 2019. Materials and methods: This observational-analytical study was conducted by examining retrospec-tive records in the period 2015–2019. The study was conducted by secondary analysis based on data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Results: During the study period, the suicide rate (per 100,000) varied in the range 3.94–4.15 and the mean (standard deviation, SD) was 4.07 (0.09). The mean (SD) suicide rate was 6.14 (0.13) in males and 1.99 (0.18) in females; it was higher in males (z = 2.611; p = 0.008). Considering age groups, there was no difference between sex in terms of suicide rate among those aged <19 years (z = 1.617; p = 0.446), whereas the suicide rate was higher in males and in those aged ≥20 years (p < 0.05 for each). During the study period, the most common suicide mean in both men and women was "by hanging". The incidence of suicide using chemical substances and by jumping from a height was higher in women than in men, whereas the rate of suicide using firearms was high in men (p = 0.000). When the female/male suicide rate was compared according to marital status, the suicide rate was observed to be higher in men regardless of marital status, and this difference was more striking in men who were divorced or whose spouse had died. Conclusion: Between 2015 and 2019, the suicide rate was higher especially in older men and in those who had lost a spouse. Therefore, socio-demographic characteristics should be considered in planning interventions to prevent suicides and guiding rehabilitation programs following a suicide attempt.

Factors Associated With Malaria in Indigenous Children Between 2007 - 2018, Amazonas State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Ferreira de Aguiar ◽  
Bruna Martins Meireles ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Maria Jacirema Ferreira Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract Background: malaria is a serious problem in the Amazonas state, especially in areas near forests. Indigenous populations living in these areas are very vulnerable to malaria infection. In addition, the disease severely affects children because their immune system is less well developed, and thus causes more severe symptoms. Therefore, the intersection between these two groups, indigenous people and children, is characterized by an important public health problem. The objective is to identify the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children in the Amazonas state, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018.Methods: This is an epidemiological, quantitative and cross-sectional study involving children under 15 years, and using data from health system notifications between 2007 and 2018, with the Amazonas state, Brazil, as a place of residence and probable infection setting. The variables are clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial and case follow-up, which were analyzed then stratified as to whether the case involved indigenous children or those of other races and entries for which no race data was given. The estimation of Odds Ratio with a confidence interval was obtained by multivariate logistic regression. Results: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children were attributed to being of the female sex, age from 0 to 4 years, passive case surveillance, high load of parasitemia or lack of data regarding the level of parasitemia, parasitic forms containing Plasmodium falciparum were more frequent, as well as timeliness of treatment, which corresponds to the time between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment being less than 48 hours. Conclusion: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children highlight the difference in race, suggest more severity of the disease and more malarial infections in this population, and, as a result, malaria has a great impact on the health of the indigenous children.

scholarly journals Selenium Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Development of Anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetelina V. Petkova-Marinova ◽  
Boryana K. Ruseva ◽  
Bisera D. Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Se Deficiency

Summary Anemia is an important public health problem worldwide. Although iron (Fe) deficiency is considered the main factor in the pathogenesis of anemia, only 40-60% of anemia cases are responsive to Fe supplementation. Considerable data exist that other micronutrient deficiencies, such as selenium (Se), could be possible causes of anemia. The issue of Se deficiency as a risk factor for the development of anemia is of particular interest to our country since the Balkan region is known by a low Se content of soils. The aim of the study was to examine the contemporary conception of the influence of Se deficiency on the development of anemia by a review of the scientific literature. Most animal studies have shown a significant relation between Se deficiency and anemia, but one study indicates that there is no impact of Se deficiency on the hematological parameters. Associations of low serum Se with anemia have been found in a number of human studies including subjects of various age groups and pathological conditions. Three possible biological mechanisms have been suggested for the involvement of Se deficiency in the development of anemia: increased oxidative stress, modulation of inflammation through induction of interleukin-6, and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1. A more categorical clarification of the relationships between Se deficiency and development of anemia is needed with respect to appropriate trace element supplementation in cases of anemia with insufficient or absent therapeutic response to Fe treatment.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Fall-related Injuries: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahammed Mekkodathil ◽  
Ayman El-Menyar ◽  
Ahad Kanbar ◽  
Suhail Hakim ◽  
Khalid Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Fall Injuries ◽  
Height Of Fall ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level 1

Abstract BACKGROUND Fall-related injuries are important public health problem worldwide. We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fall-related injuries in a level 1 trauma center.METHOD A retrospective analysis of Qatar Trauma Registry data was conducted on patients admitted for fall-related injuries between 2010 and 2017. Comparative analyses of data by gender, age-groups and height of falls were performed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients, and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS A total of 4040 patients with fall-related injuries were identified in the study duration which corresponds to the rate of 2.41 per 10,000 population in Qatar. The rate of fall injuries decreased over the years by 39%. The mean age of patients was 32.9±18.26 years. Males were predominant (89%), more likely to fall at workplace, fall from a greater height and experience polytrauma than females (p=0.001). Working age-group (20-59 years) were the major victims (73%). Most of the injuries were to the head (36%) followed by spines (29%) and chest (23%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3%CONCLUSION Fall-related injuries remain as a significant burden in trauma center. Variations in pattern of injuries by age, gender and height of fall provide important information for targeted preventive measures.

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