The incidence of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) in pre-school and school aged children in the Eastern Slovakia

Abstract Helminth infections caused by Enterobius vermicularis have a cosmopolitan character and most often affect the paediatric pre-school and school age population. The presented study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the analyzed population of children in the Eastern Slovakia. The Graham’s scotch tape method was used to investigate the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 390 specimens. The analyzed set consisted of 218 girls and 172 boys, divided by age into three groups - aged from 5 months to 2 years, aged from 3 to 6 years, and aged from 7 to 15 years. Investigation of perianal scotch tapes of children for the presence of E. vermicularis eggs revealed the prevalence of E. vermicularis was P = 3.59 %. Depending on the incidence of E. vermicularis infection, we detected no statistically signifi cant difference (p> 0.05). The prevalence of E. vermicularis in boys was P = 4.07 %, and in girls P = 3.21 %. The highest prevalence of E. vermicularis was recorded in the group of children aged from 3 to 6 years (P = 5.03 %). Most of the samples were positive at age 4 and 5. The lowest prevalence was in the group of children aged from 5 months to 2 years (P = 0.97 %), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the group of children aged from 7 to 15 was P = 3.91 %. The difference in the incidence of E. vermicularis infection among different age groups of children was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Enterobius vermicularis nematode infection and enterobiasis currently represents a major public health problem in Slovakia. At the present its occurrence is the most frequent in the paediatric population. Therefore it is important to introduce a targeted hygienic-epidemiological measure in children’s collectives, what also should include proper and effective diagnostics and frequent recurrent therapy.

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DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/17.01.1681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Hira Ejaz ◽

Nirmal Walicha ◽

Saba Rizwan ◽

Sadaf Javeria ◽

Sana Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Structure ◽

Family System ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Severe Malnutrition ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objectives of the study were to determine the determinants of nutritional status of under 5 years children in our population. Materials & Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Public Health, Islamabad, Federal College, Islamabad, from November 2016 to March 2017. Sample size was 200 selected by convenient sampling. Demographic variables were sex, age-groups, socio-economics status, family structure. Research variable was nutritional status. The data collection was done in urban slums of Islamabad on a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 children, 117(58.5%) were boys and 83(41.5 %) were girls. One hundred (50%) children were of 6 to 24 months and 100(50%) were of 25 to 59 months of age. Eighty three (41.5%) were rich and 117(58.5%) were poor. One hundred and fifty eight (79%) children were from joint family system and 42(21%) were living in nuclear family system were children. One hundred and fifty one (75.50%) were normal, 39(19.50%) were mild and 10(5%) were having severe malnutrition. Conclusion: Except age all the other factors including sex, socio-economics status and family structure were associated with nutritional status of under 5 year children.

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The Epidemiology of Māori Suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand

South Pacific Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s0257543400000456 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Nicole M. Coupe

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New Zealand ◽

Suicide Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Age Group ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand

AbstractSuicide is a Māori Public Health Issue. Suicide rates in Aotearoa/New Zealand are amongst the highest in OECD countries in the 15-24 year age group and second only to Hungary in other age groups (WHO, 1996; Disley & Coggan, 1996). Suicide is the leading cause of death for young people under the age of 25 years in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a major public health problem (Coggan, 1997). Approximatel, 540 New Zealanders kill themselves each year (Rose, Hatcher, & Koelmeyer, 1999). The total Māori suicide rate (per 100 000) increased to 17.5 in 1997, compared to non-Māori (13.1), and the Māori youth suicide rate (33.9) far exceeded the equivalent non-Māori rate (24.3), reflecting the disparity between Māori and non-Māori (Ministry of Health, 1997). This paper aims to present epidemiological data on Māori suicide and then use the existing literature to discuss possible reasons for the high Māori rate.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs of Public Health Significance in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

International Annals of Science ◽

10.21467/ias.9.1.24-32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

Olatunji Ayodeji Abulude

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Helminth Species ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

Helminth Infections

Globally, stray dogs have been a major source of zoonoses such as cutaneous larval migrans, visceral larval migrans and hydatidosis. These dogs are recognized as being a major public health problem where their population is unchecked. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs in Lagos metropolis. Stools of 96 stray dogs were examined microscopically for ova of these parasites using centrifugation flotation method. Four species of intestinal helminths were identified. The overall prevalence of helminths infection was 61.4%, with Ancylostoma caninum having a prevalence of 62.5%, Toxocara canis 20.8%, Dipylidium caninum 18.7% and Strongyloides stercoralis 2.0%. T. canis had the highest worm burden of 1,250 egg per gram (EPG) while S. stercoralis had the least (100 EPG). The areas with the most helminth infections were Yaba (n=12, X̄=1.58, SD=0.793), Agege (n=11, X̄=1.73, SD=0.786) and Ikotun (n=11, X̄=1.45, SD=0.820). S. stercoralis was only found in samples obtained from Mushin and Ikorodu. Most of the stool samples obtained from this study had mixed infections, 83.3% were infected with three helminth species, 8.3% were infected with four helminth species and none had double infection. Mushin had the most mixed infections (n=4, X̄=1.900, SD=1.101) while Obalende had the least (n=1, X̄=1.000, SD=0.000). Most of the intestinal helminth parasites identified in this study are zoonotic and thus pose a public health problem. Environmental factors seem to influence the health condition of these dogs, thus concerted efforts should be made to reduce the growing population of stray dogs on the street of Lagos.

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Suicides in Belgrade, Serbia in the period 2009-2018

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Miltenovic ◽

M Vujetic

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Health Problem ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Health It ◽

Icd 10

Abstract Background Suicides fall in violent deaths and more recently have shown an increasing trend in developed and developing countries. This is a major public health problem that could and should be prevented. Unfortunately, it is among the top twenty leading causes of death worldwide. This public health problem exists in Belgrade and Serbia, as well. Methods An analysis of death certificates shows an insight into the causes of death of inhabitants of Belgrade. The paper presents data from the Database of deceased persons in Belgrade, for the period 2009- 2018. Data are analyzed using frequencies and incidence rates by sex, age groups, month of death, day of death, and municipality of residence of deceased. Results In Belgrade, from 2009 to 2018 the incidence rate of suicides is decreasing. The standardized suicide rate was highest in 2009 (12/100.000). Men often committed suicides at all observed years, and the rates are usually higher as in women. The highest number of suicides occur in April, July and June and observing days within a week Wednesday and Tuesday lead. The average age of men who committed suicide was 57 years and women 59.5 years. The most common method of carrying out the suicide was 'by hanging, strangulation and suffocation' (X70 according to ICD-10) and frequency was 45.2%. Conclusions The incidence rate of suicides at Belgrade territory shows the trend of decline in the observed period, between 2009 and 2018. Besides that, other attributes indicate that age-sex-manner of suicides could be changed, as for being targeted for prevention. Preventing suicides is a new challenge for public health and all public sectors have to be involved in prevention. Considering ageing of a population, migration and other negative demographic trends in Belgrade and Serbia, it is necessary to raise our competencies in inhibition of these unfortunate events. Key messages Preventing suicides is a challenge for public health. It is necessary to raise competencies in order to prevent suicides.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on stunting and its determinants among school-age children (6-14years) in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248390

Author(s):

Setognal Birara Aychiluhm ◽

Abay woday Tadesse ◽

Kusse Urmale Mare ◽

Dessie Abebaw ◽

Netsanet Worku

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

National Level ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

School Age Children ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

School Age ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background In Ethiopia, stunting is a common public health problem among school-age children. Even though several studies were conducted in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence of stunting and its determinants not estimated. Therefore, this study intends to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of stunting among school-age children in Ethiopia. Methods This review protocol is registered at PROSPERO with Registration number: CRD42020160625. Online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science direct), Google, Google Scholar, and other grey literature will be used to search articles until June 2020. The quality assessment will be performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The analysis will be organized and presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined using a chi-squared test on Cochran’s Q statistic with a 5% level of statistical significance, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression will be performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. To identify influential studies, sensitivity analysis will be conducted. Presence publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots. The presence of a statistical association will be declared at a p-value <0.05 with the 95% CI. Discussion Stunting is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which affects the health of children. So, designing and implementing different nutritional strategies and promoting healthcare services is extremely mandatory to overcome stunting problems in the country. To understand this, estimating the prevalence of stunting at the national level and determining the pertinent common determinants using high-level evidence is fairly imperative. Therefore, this study will offer a summarizing finding.

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Anaemia among Kenyan children: a call for improved monitoring and intervention in school-aged children

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (8) ◽

pp. 627-631

Author(s):

Emelda A Okiro ◽

Noel K Joseph ◽

Caroline W Gitonga ◽

Robert W Snow

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Age Group ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Poor Nutrition ◽

Moderate Anaemia

Abstract Background Anaemia has long been recognised as a major public health problem among young children in lower- and middle-income countries and is an indicator of both poor nutrition and health status. There has been little progress towards improvement of anaemia in part due to its complex aetiology. An added impediment to the progress is that the monitoring of anaemia does not routinely target the whole population, with school-aged children (SAC) largely overlooked. Methods We re-examined data on the prevalence of anaemia among children aged <15 y sampled from 2008–2015 in Kenya. Results Approximately one in four Kenyan children aged <15 y were described as anaemic, including 12% with WHO-defined moderate anaemia and 1% who were severely anaemic. Average haemoglobin concentrations increased with age and the risk of having anaemia decreased with age. However, one in five SAC in Kenya were suffering from anaemia; most were either mild (11.4%) or moderately (10.9%) anaemic. Conclusions The monitoring of anaemia in SAC continues to be a neglected area limiting a careful articulation of the need to target interventions in this age group.

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Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9162631 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Welcome M. Wami ◽

Norman Nausch ◽

Nicholas Midzi ◽

Reggis Gwisai ◽

Takafira Mduluza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Benefits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Praziquantel Treatment ◽

Health And Development ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Africa. However, it is only recently that its burden has become recognised as a significant component impacting on the health and development of preschool-aged children. A longitudinal study was conducted in Zimbabwean children to determine the effect of single praziquantel treatment onSchistosoma haematobium-related morbidity markers: microhaematuria, proteinuria, and albuminuria. Changes in these indicators were compared in 1–5 yearsversus6–10 years age groups to determine if treatment outcomes differed by age. Praziquantel was efficacious at reducing infection 12 weeks after treatment: cure rate = 94.6% (95% CI: 87.9–97.7%). Infection rates remained lower at 12 months after treatment compared to baseline in both age groups. Among treated children, the odds of morbidity at 12 weeks were significantly lower compared to baseline for proteinuria: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31–0.95) and albuminuria: OR = 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02–0.14). Microhaematuria significantly reduced 12 months after treatment, and the effect of treatment did not differ by age group: OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.50–1.87). In conclusion, praziquantel treatment has health benefits in preschool-aged children exposed toS. haematobiumand its efficacy on infection and morbidity is not age-dependent.

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Assessment of Community Pharmacists’ Involvement in the Rehabilitation of Drug Abuse Victims in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria

International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences ◽

10.32861/ijhms.71.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Abubakar Danraka ◽

Salamatu Orakwelu ◽

Godspower Onavbavba

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Age Groups ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Graduate Degrees ◽

Prescription Medicines ◽

Almost All ◽

Study Participants

Drug abuse has now become a major public health problem in Nigeria requiring urgent attention. Although drug abuse cut across all age groups, the youths are however the most affected. This study aimed at assessing Community Pharmacists involvement in the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims. The study was carried out in Abuja Municipal Area Council, questionnaires were administered to Community Pharmacists practicing within the Area Council. A total of 176 Community Pharmacists participated in the study, and slightly above a quarter (27.43%) of them had post-graduate degrees. More than three-quarters (79.5%) of the study participants had received training on drug abuse. A total of 89.2% of the study participants had come across persons suspected to be abusing prescription medicines. Almost all (96.6%) of the study participants indicated that they are willing to advise persons suspected to be abusing drugs on the dangers of drug abuse, and 88.1% of the study participants had spoken to clients concerning abuse of prescription medicines. Also, more than three-quarters (80.1%) of the study participants indicated that pharmacists’ role in the prevention of drug abuse is very important. The study has revealed that Community Pharmacists can play an invaluable role in the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims in Nigeria.

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Predictors of Stunting among School-Age Children in Northwestern Ethiopia

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2018/7521751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amare Lisanu Mazengia ◽

Gashaw Andargie Biks

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Family Size ◽

Health Problem ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

School Age Children ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

School Age

Background. Stunting is a major public health problem in most developing countries, and it increases the risk of illness and death throughout childhood. It is also a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Most of the few studies done in Ethiopia were done in schools. However, the prevalence of stunting of school-age children at the community level is largely unknown. Objective. To assess prevalence and predictors of stunting among school-age children in Mecha District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 28, 2017, to October 10, 2017. Target population for the study was school-age children (children of age 5–15). A total of 802 children were included in the study. The multistage sampling procedure was applied. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement was performed and analyzed using ENA SMART software. Association was assessed using logistic regression (backward LR). Statistical significance was measured using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI and P value less than 0.05. Results. About 37.9%, with 95% CI (34.6, 41.3), of children were stunted. The predictors of stunting were child age with AOR (95% CI) 1.4 (1.02, 1.91), family size with AOR (95% CI) 1.83 (1.21, 2.75), mother’s education with AOR (95% CI) 1.81 (1.01, 3.24), father’s occupation with AOR (95% CI) 5.23 (1.55, 17.64), and child’s immunization status with AOR (95% CI) 5.6 (2.90, 10.82). Conclusion. Stunting is still an important problem among children in the age of 5–15 years. Therefore, special attention should be given to child’s full immunization, limiting of family size, continued promotion of female education, and appropriate feeding practice of children depending on their age.

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Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.1.28 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Annie Mino ◽

Arnaud Bousquet ◽

Barbara Broers

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Family Support ◽

Drug Users ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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