GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farshadfar ◽  
Ghanadha ◽  
J. Sutka ◽  
M. Zahravi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The University

To evaluate the genetic background of quantitative criteria of drought tolerance in wheat, six generations of a cross between the varieties of Plainsman and Cappelle Desprez were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of the College of Agriculture of the University of Tehran in 1997. Genetic variation was found for yield potential (Yp), stressed yield (Ys), excised leaf water retention (ELWR), relative water loss (RWL), relative water content (RWC) and harvest index (HI) under water stress conditions. High heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed in the F1 hybrid for Ys, HI and spike yield index (SYI). Genetic analysis exhibited overdominance in the inheritance of Ys, RWL, ELWR, HI, biomass and SYI, while RWC and Yp were controlled by the additive type of gene action. High narrow-sense heritability estimates were shown by ELWR, biomass and SYI. The high genetic advance for ELWR, RWC, HI and SYI indicated that direct selection could be effective for these traits. The epistatic effects (additive × additive=[i] for Yp, Ys and RWL, additive × dominance=[j] for ELWR, and dominance × dominance =[l] for RWL) were found to be outstanding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Arkansas Cowpea Lines at Seedling Stage

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1132-1143
Author(s):  
Qirui Cui ◽  
Haizheng Xiong ◽  
Yufeng Yufeng ◽  
Stephen Eaton ◽  
Sora Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The University

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.] is not only a healthy, nutritious, and versatile leguminous crop; it also has a relatively high adaptation to drought. Research has shown that cowpea lines have a high tolerance to drought, and many of them can survive more than 40 days under scorching and dry conditions. The cowpea (Southern pea) breeding program at the University of Arkansas has been active for more than 50 years and has produced more than 1000 advanced breeding lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drought-tolerant ability in Arkansas cowpea lines and use the drought-tolerant lines in cowpea production or as parents in cowpea breeding. A total of 36 University of Arkansas breeding lines were used to screen drought tolerance at the seedling stage in this study. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replicates, organized in a split-plot manner, where the drought treatment (drought and nondrought stress) as the main plot and the cowpea genotypes as the subplot. Drought stress was applied for 4 weeks, and three drought-tolerant–related traits were collected and analyzed. Results showed that cowpea breeding lines: ‘17-61’, ‘17-86’, ‘Early Scarlet’, and ‘ARBlackeye #1’ were found to be drought tolerant.

scholarly journals Effect of PEG and mannitol to induce drought stress on seed quality and stand establishment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
S. B. Patil ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

An experiment was conducted to study the screening of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance under laboratory condition during2018 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura. The experiment was carried out in a factorial Complete Randomized Block Design with seven treatments replicated three times. Twenty six wheat genotypes were screened for drought tolerance using 0, 15, 30, 60 per cent polyethylene ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and 1, 2, 5 per cent mannitol solutions. Data were recorded on various seedling parameters like germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index. The seedling traits showed a decreasing trend in response to increased concentrations of PEG6000 and mannitol. Wheat genotype DBW-110 (98.70 %) and C-306 (92.50 %) were found to be the best genotype for screened based on germination percentage at 15 per cent PEG6000 and 5 per cent mannitol. Wheat genotypes HI-1620 (6.7 cm) and NIAW-3212 (4.5 cm) produced maximum root length, respectively at higher concentrations of PEG6000 and mannitol. The genotype HI-1620 (6.4 cm, @ 15 %; 5.4 cm, @ 5 % mannitol) showed maximum shoot length. The genotype HD-2733, DBW-14, DBW-88 showed highest reduction of seedling parameters observed at increase in osmotic stress condition.

scholarly journals Yield potential of linseed genotypes influenced by nutrient levels under rainfed condition in Vidarbha region

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
J.R. Katore ◽  
Beena Nair ◽  
Shilpa Rananaware ◽  
Rupali Damdar ◽  
J.M. Parbat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

All India coordinated Research Project on linseed conducted a field experiment on Agriculture Farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur under Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra during Rabi Season of 2019-20 in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replication. Three genotypes NL – 356, JLS-95, T-397 were tested with three nutrient levels i.e. 50 % RDF, 100% RDF and 150 % RDF. The result revealed yield potential of the entry NL-356 was 26% highest over JLS-95 and 13% more on T-397 under rainfed condition. However, the increase in nutrient level from 50 % RDF to 150 % RDF influence the growth and yield attributes which favours the increase in yield. Therefore, it is concluded that genotype NL 356 with 100 % RDF achieve higher growth rate i.e. plant height, number of branches as well as yield attributes number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule and highest NMR and B:C ratio.

scholarly journals The Effect of Type and Method of Immobilizing Bacillus Megaterium Bacteria Inoculation in Increasing Potassium Available and Growth of Wheat Plant Triticum Aestivum L

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Abdullah K.J. Al-Jubouri ◽  
Hajar A. H. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Comparative Treatment

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the second agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture, Muthanna University, for the 2019-2020 agricultural season, with the randomized complete block design RCBD, using two factors and three repeats, that’s to study the effect of adding the bio inoculant from Bacillus megaterium bacteria, and when loaded the bacterium with the immobilization inoculation technology on zeolite, sodium alginate, Agarose and bentonite and it’s symboled of M0, M1, M2 and M3 respectively to compare its efficiency in increasing potassium available and growth of wheat plant variety Eba’a 99. The experiment included two comparison treatments, the first being B0 without the addition of the bacterial inoculant and the second comparative treatment being B1 adding the bacterial vaccine. At the end of the experiment, potassium concentration was estimated in soil after cultivation. The results showed a clear moral effect of the use of the immobilized bacterial inoculant in Nitrogen available at a 15.65 (mg N kg−1 soil) and with an increase of 17.14%, Potassium available at a 289.2 (mg K kg−1 soil) and an increase of 6.79%, and the plant height was a rate of 84.87 cm and an increase of 9.41% and bio yield at 810.25 kg dunum−1 and an increase of 34.98%.

Comparative performance and heterosis in single, three-way and double cross pepper hybrids

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. GELETA ◽  
M. T. LABUSCHAGNE
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Double Cross

Eight single, six three-way and six double cross hybrids were evaluated with a standard control to assess their yield potential and agronomic performance. The study was conducted in the field and greenhouse using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of the Free State during 2002/03. The three categories of hybrids performed differently and showed high variation for the majority of characters studied. Three-way cross hybrids showed better performance for days to flowering (70·9 days after sowing), fruit diameter (3·2 cm) and fruit weight (30·3 g/fruit). As expected, single cross hybrids were the most uniform followed by three-way cross hybrids. Three-way cross hybrids showed 36·1 and 13·6% heterosis for fruit yield and fruit length, respectively. Higher mean heterosis for fruit yield (35·6%), fruit number (24·0%) and fruit weight (16·9%) was also observed in double cross hybrid. This study shows that three-way and double cross hybrids can be used in pepper hybrid breeding. Selection of inbred lines for crossing from a similar market group can decrease heterogeneity in these categories of hybrids.

scholarly journals Genetics of drought tolerance at seedling and maturity stages in Zea mays L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar H. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Hafeez A. Sadaqat ◽  
Imran Javed
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Fresh Root

Shortage of irrigation water at critical growth stages of maize is limiting its production worldwide. Breeding drought-tolerant cultivars is one possible solution while identification of potential genotypes is crucial for genetic improvement. To assess genetic variation for seedling-stage drought tolerance, we tested 40 inbred lines in a completely randomized design under glasshouse conditions. From these, two contrasting inbred lines were used to develop six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1F1, BC2F2). These populations were then evaluated in a triplicated factorial randomized complete block design under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions. For statistical analyses, a nested block design was employed to ignore the replication effects. Significant differences (p≤0.01) were recorded among the genotypes for investigated seedling-traits. Absolute values of fresh root length, fresh root weight, and dry root weight lead to select two genotypes, one tolerant (WFTMS) and one susceptible (Q66). Estimates of heritability, genetic advance, and genotypic correlation coefficients were higher and significant for most of the seedling-traits. Generation variance analysis revealed additive gene action. Narrow-sense heritability [F2 ≥ 65; F∞ ≥ 79] revealed the same results. Generation mean analysis signified additive genetic effects in the inheritance of cob girth, non-additive for plant height, grains per ear row and grain yield per plant, and environmental for ear leaf area, cob length, grain rows per ear, biomass per plant, and 100-grain weight under drought-stressed conditions. For conferring drought-tolerance in maize, breeders can adopt the recombinant breeding strategy to pyramid the desirable genes.

scholarly journals Incorporated Sorghum Residues Reduce Emergence and Seedling Growth of Some Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Handsen Tibugari ◽  
◽  
Cornelius Chiduza ◽  
Arnold Bray Mashingaidze ◽  
Stanford Mabasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Zimbabwe

Allelochemicals from sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] residues may inhibit the emergence and growth of other crops. We examined the effects of residues from two sorghum landraces, IS9456, a high sorgoleone producer, and IS22320, a zero sorgoleone producer. Residues were applied at 7.2 g, 14.4 g and 21.6 g kg-1 of soil. Emergence and the growth of maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were tested in three glasshouse pot experiments at the University of Zimbabwe in 2017. The 2×3 factorial experiments were laid as a randomized complete block design with six replications. Residues from IS22320 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the emergence of maize by 22.2% compared to residues from IS9456. Sorghum variety as a source of residue did not significantly (P>0.05) reduce the emergence, height, chlorophyll content or dry weight of soybean. Increasing the residue rate significantly (P<0.05) reduced the percent emergence, height, chlorophyll content and dry weight of soybean. There was a significant sorghum variety × residue application rate interaction on the percent emergence (P<0.001) and chlorophyll content (P<0.05) of wheat. Increasing the IS9456 residue application rate from 7.2 to 14.4 g kg-1 soil increased the chlorophyll content of wheat. The timing of maize and wheat planting after sorghum residue incorporation may be critical.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought-tolerance in some tropical wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) at different osmotic-stress level

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kadir ◽  
Kaimuddin Kaimuddin ◽  
Yunus Musa ◽  
Muh Farid Badaruddin ◽  
Amin Nur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abiotic factors, such as temperature and drought, are the main factors limiting the cultivation under the tropical condition. Two-stage experiments were conducted to examine the drought-tolerant potential of some wheat genotypes against the osmotic stress under the tropical condition at the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Hasanuddin University and Indonesian Cereal Research Institute. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with the split-plot pattern and respectively provided with four and three replications. The main plot was potential osmotic stress (0, -0. 33 , and -0.67 MPa) and the sub-plot was selected wheat genotypes (17 genotypes). The results indicates that based on the germination percentage, shoot/root ratio, proline content, stomatal behavior, and relative water content, the wheat lines of O/HP-78-A22-3-7, WBLL*2KURUKU, O/HP-6-A8-2-10, and O/HP-22-A27-1-10 are identified to have better drought-tolerance than the others genotypes based on the analysis of responses to parameters observed. The positively adaptive response of some tropical wheat genotypes to drought stress may be used as a potential donor for further development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties under the tropical climate in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Kendali Genetik Toleransi Kekeringan pada Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punjung Medaraji Suwarno ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Dan Ahmad Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Rainfed Rice

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Drought has become a main barrier of rainfed rice in dry climate and short wet season areas. Growing drought-tolerance varieties is a practical approach to minimize yield lost of rice by the drought stress condition. The aims of this research were to examine the inheritance of drought tolerance character, to identify selection traits, and to estimate genetic gain for drought tolerant on lowland rice. Four rice varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, Mentik Wangi, IR64, Way Apo Buru, were fully diallel crossed. The parent varieties and the F1’s were grown at Sawah Baru, Dramaga experimental field in two irrigation treatments, optimum and sub optimum where irrigation was applied until three weeks after transplanting. A randomized complete block design with three replications for each irrigation treatment was applied to the experiment. The results showed that there is a significant maternal effect on tiller number. The values of additive variance were higher than the dominance for all other characters except tiller number and grain weight per plant. The highest value for narrow sense heritability was achieved by panicle length.<br /><br />Keywords: diallel, drought, genetic, rice<br /><br />

Identification of  QTLs involved in physiological and agronomic indicators of drought tolerance in rye using a multiple selection index

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farshadfar ◽  
R. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Aghaee ◽  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

Water deficiency is a major constraint in wheat production and the most important contributor to yield reduction in the semiarid regions of the world. species related to wheat are valuable genetic sources for different traits including resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To locate the genes controlling the physiological and agronomic criteria of drought tolerance, disomic addition lines of secale cereale cv. Imperial (donor) into the genetic background of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (recipient) were tested under field, greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Disomic addition lines exhibited significant differences for relative water content (RWC), relative water loss (RWL), water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal resistance (SR), indicating the presence of genetic variation and the possibility of selection for improving drought tolerance. Three physiological variables, RWL, WUE and SR, with high correlation with the stress tolerance index (STI) and germination stress index (GSI), contributed 69.7% to the variability of yield under stress (Ys) in the regression equation. Based on the physiological multiple selection index (MSI) most of the QTLs controlling physiological indices of drought tolerance were located on chromosomes 3R, 5R and 7R. The contribution of addition line 7R to the MSI was 47%. The evaluation of disomic addition lines for STI and GSI revealed that most of the QTLs involved in these quantitative criteria of drought tolerance are located on 3R and 7R. Cluster analysis and three dimensional plots of Ys, yield potential (Yp) and MSI indicated that 3R and 7R are the most important chromosomes carrying useful genes for improving drought tolerance.

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