Characterization of wheat-barley introgression lines for drought tolerance

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hoffmann ◽  
N. Aranyi ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Grain Yield Components

The safety of wheat production in Hungary requires the propagation of droughttolerant cultivars because of the regular occurrence of water deficiency. Hybridization between related species makes it possible to transfer desirable traits from one species to another. Introgression lines developed from wheat/barley hybrids were investigated together with the parental wheat and barley cultivars to determine how the added barley chromosome (segment) influences drought tolerance in wheat. The plants were grown in the field at the UP Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely. Sowing and harvest were done by hand. Half the length of the 12 m rows was covered with a plastic rain shelter on 2 nd April (EC: 30–31) to protect the plants from rain, resulting in a 163 mm difference in water supplies between the control (not covered) and stressed (covered) treatments. Data were obtained for anthesis and maturity date, plant height, root/shoot ratio, leaf water potential, grain yield and grain yield components. The plants adapted to water deficiency by increasing the root/shoot ratio and decreasing the water potential and the duration of grain filling. The grain yield was reduced by 12%, averaged over the genotypes, mainly due to a decrease in the number of spikes per plant.

scholarly journals Heterosis analysis in relation to drought tolerance in rice land races and their genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 804-811
Author(s):  
R. Ushakumari ◽  
R. Muthukamatchi ◽  
G. Thamodharan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Standard Heterosis

An experiment was conducted in rice to study the heterosis for drought tolerance and grain yield in 24 hybrids developed from six landraces viz., Kallurundaikar, Kuliadichan, Kuruvaikalangiam, Mattaikar, Nootripathu and Vellaichithiraikar used as lines and four high yielding varieties viz., PMK 3, MDU 5, ASD 16 and ADT 36 used as testers for physio-morphological traits by Line x tester analysis. The experimental results revealed that the hybrids viz., Nootripathu / MDU 5, which had significant standard heterosis for eight characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, harvest index and grain yield per plant, Nootripathu / PMK 3 exhibited significant standard heterosis for seven characters namely plant height, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, 100 grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield per plant were found to be superior hybrids over the standard check variety PMK 3. High proline content which is an index for drought tolerance was recorded in hybrid Kuruvaikalangiam / ADT 36 (11.94%) exhibited significant standard heterosis which is found to be drought tolerant among the hybrids.

scholarly journals Impact of Grain Priming and Silicon Spraying on the Response of Barley to After Anthesis Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh Branch, Alexandria University, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of seed priming with Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids and spraying with silicon on drought tolerance of two barley cultivars, Giza 126 and Giza 2000. Six treatment were used as follows: Seed priming with Ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation till heading (T1), seed priming with Salicylic acid (SA) and irrigation till heading (T2), seed priming with distilled water and irrigation till heading (T3), spraying with silicon and irrigation till heading (T4), dry seeds cultivation and irrigation till heading (T5) and dry seeds cultivation and all season irrigation (T6). The results indicated that post anthesis stress decreased grain yield by 17.1 % and 100-grain weight by 11.96 %, as an average of the two seasons. Hydropriming and osmopriming with salicylic acid, in addition to spraying with silicon, decreased the effect of drought and barley plants gave comparable grain yield to that of non-stress conditions. Barley cultivar Giza 126 was more tolerant to late drought compared to Giza 2000 cultivar with S values of 0.58 and 1.42, as an average of the two seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of physiological basis of rice hybrids under system of rice cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Pushpraj Singh ◽  
IM Khan ◽  
Smita Singh ◽  
RK Tiwari ◽  
UN Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Among the rice hybrids, PRH-10 recorded significantly highest chlorophyll content, dry matter, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, root length, root: shoot ratio and grain yield (9.95 t/ha) over the rest of hybrids followed by NPH-567. The lowest values of these parameters were noted in IR-36. The higher straw yield was recorded (144.8 t/ha) in NPH-567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21614 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 359-361, 2014 (December)

Effect of lowering the root/shoot ratio by pruning roots on water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Chen Ma ◽  
Feng-Min Li ◽  
Bing-Cheng Xu ◽  
Zhan-Bin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals The Value of the Stay-green Traits with Grain Yield of Post Flowering Drought Tolerance in Rabi Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
◽  
V. Padma ◽  
H. S. Talwar ◽  
Farzana Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at research farm of Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana State, India. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, replicated thrice, with 10 Sorghum genotypes as main treatment Well-watered (WW) and Water-stress (WS) conditions) to examine the potential of Sorghum genotypes to adapt to the post flowering drought. 10 genotypes are sub-treatments CRS 4, CRS 19, CRS 20, PEC 17, CSV 18, M 35-1, Phule chitra, Phule moulee, EP 57 and CRS 1). Among the four stages viz., 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after flowering (DAF), the GLAR (stay green trait) at 10 DAF had a positive and higher significant correlation with grain yield (r=0.66). So, GLAR at 10 DAF is most appropriate stage to screen for post flowering drought tolerance. Among the yield components, number of grains per panicle, grain weight panicle-1 and harvest index (HI) are significantly and positively correlated with grain yield and therefore it can be ascribed that the genotypes, which partitioned more assimilates into economic parts and in which grain filling is high, recorded more grain yield. The overall yield reduction due to moisture stress during the post flowering drought was 10% and it ranged between 8-12% among the genotypes. This indicates that the genotypes used in the present study are relatively drought tolerant. The genotypes CSV 18 and Phule moulee registered least yield reduction (8%) in grain yield due to post flowering drought followed by PEC 17 and M 35-1 which registered 9% yield reduction. However, the overall grain yield of PEC 17 and M 35-1 was more than CSV 18 and Phule moulee even under moisture stress conditions.

scholarly journals Selection Criteria and Selection Environment for Drought Tolerance of Egyptian Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Landraces

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Ahmed Medhat Mohamed Al-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Abd El-Shafi ◽  
Mohamed Helmy El-Shal ◽  
Ali Hassan Anany
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Selection Environment ◽  
Selection For

Strong correlations between wheat traits and drought tolerance (DT) associated with high heritability and high genetic advance from selection would allow plant breeder to use such traits as selection criteria. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the optimum selection criteria and selection environment for drought tolerance via estimation of correlation coefficients (r) among 13 agronomic, grain yield and quality traits and DT of 20 wheat landraces, broad-sense heritability (h2b) and genetic advance (GA) from selection for such traits under well-watered (WW) and water stressed (WS) environments. A two-year experiment was carried out using a split-plot design with four replications. Results concluded that the best selection criterion for drought tolerance in our study was grain yield/plant (GYPP), followed by a number of grains/spike (GPS), grain filling period (GFP), grain starch (GSC) and protein (GPC) content, plant height (PH) and days to maturity (DTM), since they showed high (r), high h2b and high GA estimates. The best selection environment was WW for days to anthesis, PH, spikes/plant, GPS, spikelets/spike, GYPP, GPC and WS for DTM, GFP, GSC and thousand-grain weight traits. This information could help future breeding programs in selection for improving drought tolerance of wheat.

scholarly journals Grain filling patterns of barley as affected by high temperature stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Md Rasel Rana ◽  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Juiceball Hassan ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Md Ashraful Haque
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Grain filling determines the grain weight, a major component of grain yield in cereals. Grain filling in barley depends on current assimilation and culm reserves (mainly water-soluble carbohydrates). Nowadays barley is facing heat stress problem which is mostly responsible to reduce the yield of barley. A field experiment was conducted at the Field Lab, Department of Crop Botany, BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity, Mymensingh during November 2015 to March 2016 to study the grain filling patterns and the contributions of culm reserves to grain yield under heat stress. The experiment consisted of two factors—barley cultivars and heat stress. The heat stress was imposed by late sowing. The tillers were sampled once a week during grain filling period to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts, viz., leaves, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The results in the experiment revealed that the grain yield was reduced by 22-28% due to the stress. The grain yield varied from 52 to 150 g m−2 with the mean of 102 g m−2 under control while it varied from 37 to 116 g m−2 with the mean of 75 g m−2 under heat stress. Among the cultivars studied BARI Barley5, BARI Barley2 and BARI Barley1, seemed as high yielders while BARI Barley3, BARI Barley4, BARI Barley6 as the low yielders under heat stress treatment. The reduction in grain yield was attributable mainly to lighter grain weight due to the stress. Heat stress drastically reduced the grain filling duration by 45–50%. However, the stress increased the grain filling rate by 6–53%. The amount of reserves remobilized to grain varied among the cultivars ranging from 4.8 to 12.77 mg spike−1 in control and from 1.73 to 6.25 mg spike−1 in stressed plants. The stressed barley plants exhibited lower accumulation of reserves in culm but they showed almost its complete remobilization to the grain. The contribution of culm reserves to grain yield varied from 1.13 to 19.52%, and 1.09 to 2.11% in control and in stressed plants, respectively. In conclusion, culm reserve is the important attributes in grain yield in Bangladeshi barley cultivars but the contribution remains almost unaffected due the post-anthesis heat stress.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 174-181, December 2017

scholarly journals Breeding progress in grain filling and grain yield components of six-rowed winter barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislva Momčilović ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Ivan Abičić ◽  
Nova Pržulj
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Grain Yield Components

Genetic effects of yield and root parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at reproductive stage drought stress as apportioned by generation mean analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
P Yogameenakshi ◽  
P Vivekanandan ◽  
N Nadarajan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Thickness ◽  
The Cross

The nature of gene action governing important quantitative traits viz.yield and drought tolerance in rice were studied through six parameter model of generation means analysis using six generations (viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of five crosses by imposing drought stress at reproductive stage. Additive gene action was noticed for the traits like days to flowering, panicle length, 100 grain weight and root thickness in majority of the crosses while the yield characters like productive tillers / plant, filled grains / panicle, harvest index and grain yield / plant and the drought tolerant characters like spikelet fertility, root length and root / shoot ratio were governed by dominance gene action. Both additive and dominance effects were found in panicle length in the cross Kallurundaikar / Moroberekan; spikelet fertility, dry root weight, root/shoot ratio and grain yield / plant in the cross Norungan / Moroberekan and 100 grain weight and root thickness in the cross PMK 2 / Moroberekan. Interaction effects mainly of additive x additive was noticed in panicle length, filled grains /panicle, dry root weight and root/shoot ratio in most of the crosses while dominance x dominance gene action was predominant in 100 grain weight and both additive x dominance and dominance x dominance in days to flowering and plant height.

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