Effects of innovative microbial management on maize ( Zea mays L.) yield in a long-term fertilisation experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi ◽  
G. Micskei ◽  
I. Jócsák ◽  
P. Bónis ◽  
E. Sugár
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maize Growth

Research indicates that there is considerable potential for a successful switch from high chemical use to lower-input, more sustainable farming practices for maize. The overall objective of the MicroMaize project was to field-test the performance of innovative microbiological management strategies. The effect of microbial consortia on maize growth and grain yield was studied in 2008 and 2009 at Martonvásár (Hungary) in a 50-year-old long-term fertilisation experiment. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plots were the fertilisation treatments: A: control, without fertilisation (N 0 P 0 K 0 ), B: N 50 P 24 K 43 , C: N 100 P 48 K 87 , D: N 200 P 96 K 174 , E: N 300 P 144 K 261 . Three microbial inoculation treatments were the sub-plots: C0: control, no microbial consortia, C1: A. lipoferum CRT1 + P. fluorescens Pf153 + G. intraradices JJ 129 , C2: A. lipoferum CRT1 + P. fluorescens F113 + G. intraradices JJ129 . The results indicated that the microbial consortia had no significant effect on maize growth and yield. In the ecophysiological analyses, the microbial consortia were found to have a significant positive effect on the chlorophyll content and on the protein and nitrogen contents of the grain yield in 2009. The long-term results revealed that the mineral fertilisation treatments and the year had a significant influence on the growth, yield and grain quality parameters of maize. The effect of nutrient supplies and year during the vegetative growth phase of maize could be quantified using the mean values of the absolute growth rate (AGR) for maize shoots and roots and with the nutrient stress index calculated from AGR. Further field investigations on productivity and eco-physiological parameters will be needed to estimate the effect of microbial consortia.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake Capacity of Rice under Different Sulphur Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Sajjadul Islam ◽  
Md. Shohel Rana ◽  
Dr. Md. Mazibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jainul Abedin Mian ◽  
Md. Mezanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
S Deficiency

Because of using sulphur free fertilizer, rice crop facing tremendous sulphur (S) deficiency throughout the world as well as in Bangladesh. However, farmers of Bangladesh often overlook the importance of sulphur fertilization on rice yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of sulphur on growth, yield attributes and uptake of N, P, K and S by grain and straw of BRRI dhan41 rice variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication and eight treatments including control. The result of the study revealed that the highest plant height, panicle length, filled grain was found in T1 (50% RFD of S) treatment, while the utmost number of effective tiller and straw yield was recorded in T5 (150% RFD of S) treatment. Interestingly, maximum grain yield as well as uptake of N, P, K and S by grain and straw was significantly higher in T6 (175% RFD of S) treatment. The highest grain yield of T6 treatment might be due to maximum nutrient use efficiency. However, in all cases control treatment (T0) gave the worst result. The present study clearly indicates that higher rates (175% of the recommended dose) of S along with other fertilizers may be recommended for better growth and yield of BRRI dhan41 in Bangladesh soil.

Valsalva retinopathy: Long-term results and management strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212093617
Author(s):  
Selda Celik Dulger ◽  
Pınar Cakar Ozdal ◽  
Mehmet Yasin Teke
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Valsalva Retinopathy

Purpose: To investigate the long-term results and efficacy of the treatment modalities for preretinal hemorrhage due to valsalva retinopathy. Methods: Retrospective review was conducted on 24 eyes of 24 patients with valsalva retinopathy who were treated between 2004 and 2019. These patients were treated with Nd:YAG laser, argon laser and vitrectomy or were only observed. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy was performed in 10 eyes, argon laser was applied to two of those following failed Nd:YAG laser, and vitrectomy was performed in one eye. A conservative approach was adopted in 13 eyes. Results: There were 15 females and nine males with mean age of 41.08 ± 12.72 (21–65) years. Mean follow-up period was 42.83 ± 23.78 (range: 12–116) months. Patients with hemorrhage size smaller than or equal to 4-disc diameter were observed for spontaneous resorption and achieved 20/20 visual acuity within 6 months. Visual acuity of all patients treated with Nd:YAG and/or argon laser, increased within the first week after the treatment. Vitrectomy was performed in only one patient with hemorrhage located away from macula. The good visual outcomes were achieved in all treatment modalities. Conclusions: Observation, Nd:YAG laser and argon laser seem to be safe and effective approaches for eyes with valsalva retinopathy. The size, volume and duration of hemorrhage are the most crucial factors for treatment choice, success and complications.

Loblolly pine and mixed hardwood stand dynamics for 27 years following chemical, mechanical, and manual site preparation

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2126-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fayette County ◽  
Stand Basal Area

A site-preparation study installed in 1959 in Fayette County, Alabama, U.S.A., provides data to evaluate long-term effects of varying densities of hardwood on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation growth, yield, and stand structure. Six treatments (hand girdle; bulldoze scarification; herbicide applied to axe frill, chain frill, and with an injector; and an untreated check) were installed as a randomized complete block with five replications. Periodic measurements of pine and hardwood size and density show that higher hardwood densities existing early in the pine plantation had a substantial negative effect on loblolly pine survival and basal area yield, with the bulldoze and herbicide treatments having less hardwood and higher survival and stand basal area. Pine total height and diameter at breast height were reduced by increasing hardwood density early in the life of the plantation, but size of surviving trees differed little among treatments at later ages, except on plots where most pine trees were suppressed by hardwoods. Strong relationships between pine basal area per hectare at age 27 and both number of hardwood stems at age 3 and percentage of stand basal area in hardwood at age 6 were noted. These relationships indicate promise for predicting long-term growth and yield of loblolly pine plantations from early measures of hardwood interference.

scholarly journals Translocation of Soil Arsenic towards Accumulation in Rice: Magnitude of Water Management to Minimize Health Risk

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2816
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Mohammad Anwarul Abedin ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Soil Arsenic ◽  
The Impact

Globally, the risk of arsenic (As) contamination in soil and rice is well documented across the globe. In Bangladesh, drinking water and rice are two major exposure pathways of As to humans. Therefore, the efficiency of recent technologies to reduce rice As and associated human health risks still need to be deeply investigated. In this direction, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the impact of soil As and agronomic irrigation management on rice (cv. BRRI dhan28) growth, yield, As accumulation, and finally, health risks to humans from consuming rice. Treatment combinations were made with three levels of As (0, 20, and 40 mg kg−1) having two irrigation procedures, including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and traditional continuous flooding (CF). According to the findings, As pollution in the soil lowered the yield contributing features and rice yield, including panicle length, filled grains per panicle, sterile grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. AWD water management significantly improved the growth performance and productivity of rice. Grain yield was increased by 13% in AWD compared to CF. Rice grain and straw As concentrations were increased to 0.56 mg kg−1 and 15.10 mg kg−1, respectively, in soil with 40 mg kg−1 As and CF water management. AWD treatment significantly reduced grain and straw As contents by 16% and 28%, respectively. Increased grain, straw, and total As uptake was noticed with higher soil As concentrations. The study also found that rising soil As raised non-carcinogenic risks (HQ > 1) and carcinogenic risks (CR > 1.010–4) while AWD lowered health risks compared to CF. Thus, rice farming using AWD irrigation could be a viable and long-term solution for reducing As contamination in rice and associated human health hazards.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOWING DATES ON GROWTH, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF FOUR WHEAT VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Ainullah Habibi ◽  
Tamim Fazily
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Test

A field experiment entitled “Effect of sowing dates on growth, yield attributes and yield of four wheat varieties” was conducted during winter season of 2016-17 on sandy loam soils of Poz-e-Ishan Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Baghlan University. The experiment was laid out in split plot design viz. four dates of sowing comprised of (16th November, 01st December, 16th December and 31st December 2016) as main plot treatments and four varieties (Solh 02, Gul 09, Muqawim 09, Kabul 013) as sub plot treatments with four replications. The highest plant height, number of effective per plant, test weight and grain yield of wheat was recorded with all varieties sown on 16 Nov-16, which was statistically identical with all treatments sown on 01 Dec-16 but significantly higher over rest of date of sowing. Among wheat varieties Kabul 013 and Gul 09 produced significantly higher plant height, number of effective per plant, test weight and grain yield of wheat over rest of the varieties. KEY-WORDS: Date of sowing, wheat varieties, growth and yield

Intensive annual crop production and root development in a tropical acid soil under long-term no-till and soil-amendment management

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio H. M. da Costa ◽  
Antonio C. A. Carmeis Filho ◽  
Carlos A. C. Crusciol ◽  
Rogério P. Soratto ◽  
Tiara M. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Agricultural Systems

In tropical conservation agricultural systems, crop yield is limited by soil acidity and root-growth inhibition, especially under intensive crop rotation. This study evaluated the effect of surface applications of lime and phosphogypsum in improving soil fertility and crop yield in a tropical region. Four treatments were evaluated: control (without soil amendment); and application phosphogypsum (2.1 + 2.1 + 2.1 Mg ha–1), lime (2.7 + 2.0 + 2.0 Mg ha–1), and a combination of lime and phosphogypsum at the given rates, applied in 2002, 2004 and 2010, respectively. We evaluated the soil chemical properties, root development, plant nutrition, yield components and grain yield of 10 crops over 4 years using five species: maize (Zea mays), crambe (Crambe abyssinica), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Our long-term results demonstrate the benefits of surface liming in alleviating subsoil acidity, reducing Al3+ toxicity, improving availability of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and increasing accumulation of soil organic matter in all soil profiles at depths up to 0.60 m. For maize and crambe, adding phosphogypsum increased development of plants and reproductive structures, which increased grain yield. Phosphogypsum exhibited synergistic effects in association with lime for maize and common bean. Phosphogypsum did not have an effect on cowpea and wheat, whereas surface liming was essential to improve plant nutrition, grain yield and wheat grain quality. The combination of both soil amendments is an important tool to reduce the soil acidification process, resulting in the highest levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and the highest base-saturation values in the topsoil layers (0–0.20 m) over time. Our long-term results showed the viability of surface liming plus phosphogypsum for improving tropical soil fertility, which can reflect an increase in grain yield and contribute to the sustainability of agricultural systems under intensive land use in highly weathered areas.

scholarly journals Combined used of Dry Cocoa Bean Test Ash (Theobroma cacao L.) and Poultry Dropping for the Improvement of Soil Fertility and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield on a Humid Alfisol Southwestern, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael Rotimi Olojugba ◽  
Ezike Florence Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The combine use of dry cocoa bean testa ash and poultry droppings for the improvement of soil fertility, maize growth and yield was studied on an Alfisol south western Nigeria, located at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria. Research farm from April to July 2018 and from August to November 2018. Four treatments of poultry droppings (PD) at 5 tones  ha-1, cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) ash at 5 tones ha-1, mixture of poultry droppings and cocoa bean testa ash (PD + CBTA) at 2.5 tones ha-1 each and control (C) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study showed that organic manure is a valuable fertilizer and can serve as a suitable alternative to inorganic fertilizer in the south western Nigeria especially, CBTA that has higher concentration of potassium (K) and organic carbon (OC). Poultry droppings (PD 2.5 tones ha-1) treatments plus cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA 2.5 tones ha-1) produced higher values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, leaf area index, plant diameter, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield against the control that recorded the lowest value. Also, CBTA improves soil pH (94%) and OC (87%) over the control as well as increases minerals such as N, P, K Ca, Mg, and Na at 19%, 37%, 19%, 53%, 43% and 36% respectively.  Organic fertilizer applications increase maize growth towards the later stage and were significantly different from the control according to DMRT at p<0.05. Cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) and poultry dropping (PD) application registered over 47% increases of N levels in the soil, from 0.15% to 0.77% to 0.84%. Organic carbon increased as poultry droppings plus cocoa bean testa ash were added to the soil. Maize grain yield increased from control plot to 1.95 t ha-1 in CBTA + PD plot. The study recommends an application rate of cocoa testa ash and poultry droppings for maize growth on this type of soil in this agro-ecology.

scholarly journals Addition of silicate or organic fertilizer increases growth and yield of several varieties of maize in East Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Andrayani Endang Tatik ◽  
Wayan Wangiyana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Maize Plants

Many have reported that application of Silicon (Si) can alleviate environmental stress and increase grain yield of maize plants under stresses. This study aimed to examine the effects of adding organic or silicate fertilizer on several varieties of maize in rainfed area during a dry season, by conducting field experiment designed with Randomized Complete Block Design testing two treatment factors, i.e. maize varieties (V1= Bisi-2, V2= Srikandi, V3= Pioneer-27) and fertilizer combinations (F1= NPK only, F2= NPK+organic, F3= NPK+silicate). Results indicated that there were significant effects of fertilizer combinations and varieties on growth and yield of several maize varieties, in which the mean values were highest in maize plants fertilized with NPK+silicate fertilizers, except harvest index. Among the varieties, Pioneer-27 (hybrid) yielded the highest followed by Srikandi (open-pollinated) and Bisi-2 (hybrid) yielded the lowest grain weight per plant. However, there were interaction effects of the treatment factors, meaning that there were different responses between varieties of maize to application of organic or silicate fertilizer in addition to NPK fertilizer in terms of plant height, AGR (average growth rate) of plant height and dry grain yield per plant. Grain yield per plant of Pioneer-27 could be increased with application of organic (150.79 g/plant) or silicate (189.43 g/plant) compared with NPK only (133.99 g/plant), while that of Srikandi and Bisi-2 could only be increased by addition of silicate (113.83 g/plant in Srikandi and 103 g/plant in Bisi-2) compared with NPK only (93.77 g/plant in Srikandi and 82.59 g/plant in Bisi-2).

Effect of Trifluralin Soil Metabolites on Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Koskinen ◽  
James E. Oliver ◽  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
Philip C. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Derivatives Of

The effects of twelve soil metabolites of trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] growth, yield, and seed oil and protein content were determined. The metabolites included oxidative dealkylated, reduced nitro group, benzimidazole, azoxy, azo, oxidized, and hydroxylated derivatives of trifluralin. When applied at 0.22 kg ai/ha and incorporated 7.5 cm deep, no individual metabolite had a significant adverse effect on growth or yield. Three of the metabolites significantly decreased seed oil content and two of the metabolites significantly increased seed protein content. These effects are not considered important in that the differences, while statistically significant, are very small. Also, the amounts of metabolites applied greatly exceeded those expected to be found after many years of continuous use of trifluralin. Potential accumulation of individual metabolites from long-term use of trifluralin does not appear to adversely affect soybean growth, yield, or quality.

Crop growth, yield and water use in long fallow and continuous cropping sequences in the Victorian mallee

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. O'Connell ◽  
D. J. Connor ◽  
G. J. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Weather Patterns

The agronomic implications of substituting mustard (Brassica juncea) for long (winter) fallows were investigated in a 6-year field experiment by comparing 2 cropping sequences (fallow–wheat–pea v. mustard–wheat–pea) in the semi-arid Victorian mallee. Production and water use of wheat, pea and mustard were measured. Grain yields ranged from 0.1 to 2.4 t/ha for wheat (mean 1.72 t/ha after fallow and 1.22 t/ha after mustard); from 0 to 0.6 t/ha (mean 0.22 t/ha) for mustard and from 0 to 1.4 t/ha (mean 0.8 t/ha) for field pea, strongly reflecting variable seasonal conditions (in-crop rainfall range from 84 to 231 mm). Mustard was shown to be a potential replacement for long fallow producing additional yield benefit (mustard + wheat) in one year. However, under drought conditions it introduces severe penalties to wheat growth and yield compared with the traditional fallow cropping system. Further, mustard did not affect water use, growth, or yield of the second crop after wheat (in our case field pea). This study highlights a conflict between developing farming systems that are productive, environmentally and socially acceptable under variable weather conditions and yet uphold the regional need to reduce dependence on fallowing. Further analyses of weather patterns and other crop choice strategies are needed to help develop better management strategies for the mallee region of Australia.

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