scholarly journals P and K Accumulation by Rapeseed as Affected by Biostimulant under Different NPK and S Fertilization Doses

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Development Application ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Biostimulants are gaining growing importance among preparations used for plant production. They may cause increasing the effectiveness of nutrient uptake. The aim of the study was to assess P and K accumulation by winter rapeseed after the application of a biostimulant under conditions of varied NPK and S fertilization levels. The field experiment was established on Alfisol, and the factors were: Two levels of NPK fertilization (high 180 N, 70 P, 132 K (kg ha−1) or low 144 N, 35 P, 66 K (kg ha−1)); elementary S fertilization (36 or 0 kg ha−1) and application of seaweed biostimulant or without that treatment. Biostimulant caused an increase in P and K accumulation in the shoots of rapeseed during generative development. Application of biostimulant in rapeseed fertilized with lower NPK rates or not fertilized with S increased P and K accumulation in shoots to the level obtained at higher NPK and S rates without that treatment. Increased level of NPK fertilization caused an increase in P and K accumulation in both shoots and roots at flowering and ripening stages. At the fruit development stage, under higher NPK fertilization there was higher uptake of P and K in rapeseed shoots after presowing fertilization with S.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake by Weeds in a Long-term Maize Field Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Z. Tóth ◽  
A. Kismányoky ◽  
T. Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The effect of four NPK fertilizer rates (NPK[1:1:1]: 0, 300, 600, 900 kg active ingredients·ha -1 ) was studied on the growth of maize and on weed infestation - bio-mass production and nutrient uptake of weeds - in four replications in a 35-year old long-term maize continuous cropping field experiment (Keszthely, Hungary). The weed flora was recorded on 1 June, 2003 in the 6-8-leaf development stage of maize. The effect of the increasing rates of fertilizers was analyzed and evaluated from the results of biomass production as well as the nutrient uptake of weeds and maize, respectively. On the experimental plots 9 weed species were registered at the date of sampling, from which 4 species were perennial and 5 species were annual ones. All the weeds were collected from 1 m² areas of each plot and the different weed species were separated from each other. The fresh and dry weights of the canopy of maize and the different weed species were measured. The nutrient (NPK) contents of maize and weed samples were measured in the laboratory. Total and species scale nutrient concentration, as well as per-unit nutrient uptake of maize and weeds were compared. The increasing rates of mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the biomass production and on the nutrient uptake of weeds. Significant differences were also found between the biomass production and nutrient uptake of the different weed species.

scholarly journals Reduction of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Natural Re-Sowing with Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Afonso Henrique Schaeffer ◽  
Otávio Augusto Schaeffer ◽  
Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽  
João Arthur Guareschi Bertol ◽  
Debora Kelli Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Physiological Quality

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is the main winter weed of crops in Southern Brazil. High competitiveness, adaptability, widespread resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem. Herbicides, as well as plant growth regulators, can be used as a management option for ryegrass seed production, however there is no consensus among authors at which stage of the plant the application is most effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the production and physiological quality of ryegrass seeds in response to the application of herbicides and plant growth regulators in three stages of plant development (inflorescence emergence, flowering and fruit development). Each treatment consisted of applying two different doses of each of the active ingredients: ammonium glufosinate, clethodim, glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl, paraquat and 2,4-D (herbicides); ethephon and trinexapac-ethyl (plant growth regulators), still an untreated control, totaling 17 treatments for each stage of development. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. The variables evaluated were: seed production (kg ha−1), thousand seed weight (g), viability (%), germination (%), first germination count (%), dormant seeds (%) and dead seeds (%). The ryegrass seed production reduced 100% with clethodim, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate or paraquat applied in the inflorescence emergence or flowering stages. In the fruit development stage, all treatments (herbicides and plant growth regulators) caused deleterious effects on seed production, the greatest effect occurred with paraquat (95%). Paraquat, ammonium glufosinate and clethodim affected the physiological quality of the seeds when applied in fruit development stage. This research demonstrated that the application of herbicides in the ryegrass reproductive stage decreases its seedbank replenishment (natural re-sowing), with the potential to harm its progeny.

scholarly journals Multistate Comparison of Attractants and the Impact of Fruit Development Stage on Trapping Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Raspberry and Blueberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D Jaffe ◽  
Alina Avanesyan ◽  
Harit K Bal ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Joshua Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Mango Endophyte and Epiphyte Microbiome Composition during Fruit Development and Post-Harvest Stages

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Malick Bill ◽  
Lizyben Chidamba ◽  
Jarishma Keriuscia Gokul ◽  
Lise Korsten
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Target Effect ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The influence of the development stage and post-harvest handling on the microbial composition of mango fruit plays a central role in fruit health. Hence, the composition of fungal and bacterial microbiota on the anthoplane, fructoplane, stems and stem-end pulp of mango during fruit development and post-harvest handling were determined using next-generation sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and 16S rRNA regions. At full bloom, the inflorescence had the richest fungal and bacterial communities. The young developing fruit exhibited lower fungal richness and diversities in comparison to the intermediate and fully developed fruit stages on the fructoplane. At the post-harvest stage, lower fungal and bacterial diversities were observed following prochloraz treatment both on the fructoplane and stem-end pulp. Ascomycota (52.8%) and Basidiomycota (43.2%) were the most dominant fungal phyla, while Penicillium, Botryosphaeria, Alternaria and Mucor were detected as the known post-harvest decay-causing fungal genera. The Cyanobacteria (35.6%), Firmicutes (26.1%) and Proteobacteria (23.1%) were the most dominant bacterial phyla. Changes in the presence of Bacillus subtilis following post-harvest interventions such as prochloraz suggested a non-target effect of the fungicide. The present study, therefore, provides the primary baseline data on mango fungal and bacterial diversity and composition, which can be foundational in the development of effective disease (stem-end rot) management strategies.

scholarly journals 290 Nutrient Uptake by New Roots of Six Clonal Apple Rootstocks

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 492C-492
Author(s):  
Shufu Dong ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
L.H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Maximum Uptake Rate ◽  
Nutrient Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Absorption Power ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The nutrient uptake kinetics by new roots of 1-year-old potted clonal apple rootstocks (M7, M9, M26, M27, MM106, and MM111) were determined by the ion depletion technique at the stable development stage of trees in August. The total roots of five of the rootstocks (except MM111) consisted of more than 60% feeder roots and less than 12% extension roots. MM111, the most vigorous rootstocks tested, had 60.7% feeder roots and 24.5% extension roots. Root: top ratio was negatively related to the growth inhibiting character of the rootstock. Nutrient uptake by excised new roots was found to fit into Michaelis-Menton kinetic model for all rootstocks tested. The kinetic characteristics (maximum uptake rate, Imax, apparent Michaelis-Menton constant, Km, and root absorption power, (α = Imax•1/Km) between rootstocks differed significantly. MM111 had the highest Imax for NH4+ absorption and M9 for NO3-. Root affinity to ions was highest with MM106 for NH4+ and with M26 for NO3-. Root absorption power (α = Imax•1/Km) was greatest in MM106 for NH4+ and M9 for NO3-. At this developmental stage the data suggest no relationship between nutrient uptake and dwarfing character of the rootstocks.

scholarly journals Application of 1-MCP for Quality Preservation of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Seedlings during Long-distance Transportation

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 976A-976
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Mark Kroggel
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Postharvest Management ◽  
Development Application

Increasing numbers of vegetable growers purchase their seedlings from specialized transplant producers. However, early yield reduction due to abnormal first fruit truss development was often observed after long-distance transportation of seedlings. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene-mediated reactions, is widely used for postharvest management. If ethylene accumulated in trailers causes such abnormal first truss fruit development, application of 1-MCP to seedlings may prevent such problems. To test this hypothesis, `Durinta' tomato seedlings with visible flower buds were placed in chambers for 4 days under one of the following conditions: 1) conventional transportation air temperature of 18 °C without 1-MCP, 2) 18 °C with 1-MCP, 3) 12 °C without 1-MCP, and 4) nonstored control. The target initial 1-MCP concentration was 1 μmol·mol-1 inside the chamber, and the concentration was estimated to reach 0.2 μmol·mol-1 after 96 h. Three weeks after transplanting, 81.3% of first trusses on the plants treated at 18 °C without 1-MCP exhibited an abnormal, delayed fruit development. Both 1-MCP application and 12 °C air temperature successfully reduced the symptom to 4.7% and 3.1%, respectively; not significantly different from the nonstored control (1.6%). The average first truss yield was the lowest for 18 °C without 1-MCP (223 g per truss), followed by 18 °C with 1-MCP (582 g), and was the greatest (609–637 g) for 12 °C without 1-MCP or the control. Ethylene accumulation was the primary cause of the delayed fruit development causing yield reduction. Application of 1-MCP during transportation was shown to prevent such undesirable yield loss, although lowering temperature was the most effective under the present experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Crop productivity and nutrient uptake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shamsun Naher ◽  
AHF Fahim ◽  
MA Wadud
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

A field experiment was carried out at Spices Research Centre, Shibgonj, Bogra during two consecutive years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to evaluate the response of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake, protein content and seed yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) var. BARI Fenugreek-2. The field experiment was conducted in combination with inorganic fertilizer and organic manure. The result showed that the treatment T7 compeises application of PM @ 4 t ha-1 + CF (IPNS) produced the maximum seed yield (2.1 t ha-1) but statistically identical to T8 (VC @ 3 t ha-1 + CF (IPNS) and T6 (CD 5 @ ha-1 + CF (IPNS). In case of stover yield, the treatment T7 produced the highest yield (4.89 t ha-1). The grain yield was increased over control and ranged between 65.85 to 156.10 %.The treatments T7 and T8 resulted in higher nutrient use efficiency along with higher N, P, K and S uptake by the plant. The application of inorganic fertilizer along with manure influenced the nutrient concentration in fenugreek seed and stover yield. The higher seed with N, P, K and S concentrations were observed in the treatments where poultry manure @ 4 t ha-1 applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. The combined application of fertilizer and organic manure increased the organic carbon (OC %), organic matter (OM %), total N, available P and available S in post harvest soils. The findings indicate that the integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure should be encouraged to improvement the deteriorating soil fertility and increased crop yield of fenugreek.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 71-79 (2016)

Response of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to phosphorus, sulphur and PSB during summer season

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Rani ◽  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Khalil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2008 and 2009 at Instructional Farm of NDUA&T , Kumarganj , Faizabad (U.P.) to study the effect of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB on growth attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. The experiment consisted of four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>ha<sup>−1</sup>), three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup>) and two levels of seeds inoculation with PSB (un-inoculation and inoculation ). Results revealed that the increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup>, sulphur up to 40 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup> and inoculation of seed with PSB increased the plant height, number of pods plant<sup>−1</sup>, number of seeds pod<sup>−1</sup>, seed and stover yield and uptake of N, P and S. The net return also increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and inoculation of seeds with PSB. Application of 20 kg S/ha fetched highest net return of mungbean.

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