Therapy of radiation enteritis – current challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (28) ◽  
pp. 1120-1124
Author(s):  
Zsolt Baranyai ◽  
Dániel Sinkó ◽  
Valéria Jósa ◽  
Attila Zaránd ◽  
Dániel Teknős
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Radiation Enteritis ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation enteritis is one of the most feared complications after abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy. The incidence varies from 0.5 to 5%. It is not rare that the slowly progressing condition will be fatal. During a period of 13 years 24 patients were operated due to the complication of radiation enteritis. Despite different types of surgery repeated operation was required in 25% of cases and finally 4 patients died. Analyzing these cases predisposing factors and different therapeutic options of this condition are discussed. Treatment options of radiation induced enteritis are limited; however, targeted therapy significantly improves the outcome. Cooperation between oncologist, gastroenterologist and surgeon is required to establish adequate therapeutic plan. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1120–1124.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Prediction of the Effect of Chemotherapy on Cancer Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Namazi ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulish ◽  
Albert Wong
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Fractional Diffusion Equation

Abstract Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cells’ growth which affect DNAs and make them damaged. Many treatment options for cancer exist, with the primary ones including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and palliative care. Which treatments are used depends on the type, location and grade of the cancer as well as the person’s health and wishes. Chemotherapy is the use of medication (chemicals) to treat disease. More specifically, chemotherapy typically refers to the destruction of cancer cells. Considering the diffusion of drugs in cancer cells and fractality of DNA walks, in this research we worked on modelling and prediction of the effect of chemotherapy on cancer cells using Fractional Diffusion Equation (FDE). The employed methodology is useful not only for analysis of the effect of special drug and cancer considered in this research but can be expanded in case of different drugs and cancers.

scholarly journals A Risk Prediction Model by LASSO for Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Comprehensive Salivary Gland–Sparing Helical Tomotherapy Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Teng ◽  
Wenjun Fan ◽  
Yanrong Luo ◽  
Shouping Xu ◽  
Hanshun Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Helical Tomotherapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ajcc Stage ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based multivariable normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model to predict radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with comprehensive salivary gland–sparing helical tomotherapy technique.Methods and MaterialsLASSO with the extended bootstrapping technique was used to build multivariable NTCP models to predict factors of patient-reported xerostomia relieved by 50% and 80% compared with the level at the end of radiation therapy within 1 year and 2 years, R50-1year and R80-2years, in 203 patients with NPC. The model assessment was based on 10-fold cross-validation and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe prediction model by LASSO with 10-fold cross-validation showed that radiation-induced xerostomia recovery could be predicted by prognostic factors of R50-1year (age, gender, T stage, UICC/AJCC stage, parotid Dmean, oral cavity Dmean, and treatment options) and R80-2years (age, gender, T stage, UICC/AJCC stage, oral cavity Dmean, N stage, and treatment options). These prediction models also demonstrated a good performance by the AUC.ConclusionThe prediction models of R50-1year and R80-2years by LASSO with 10-fold cross-validation were recommended to validate the NTCP model before comprehensive salivary gland–sparing radiation therapy in patients with NPC.

scholarly journals Radiation induced vesicovaginal fistula

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenusha Devi Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radical Hysterectomy ◽  
Vesicovaginal Fistula ◽  
Fistula Repair ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Case: A 63 years old female visited our outpatient department for involuntary loss of urine per vagina since 1.5 year. She had undergone radical hysterectomy and radiotherapy 16 years ago for cervical carcinoma. With positive dye test, on examination she had vesicovaginal fistula with Goh classification of 2biii. She underwent fistula repair via vaginal approach. After 3 weeks of catheterization, successful closure was achieved. Radiation therapy is an effective treatment for cervical cancer. However, of various complications, irradiation sometimes cause the formation of fistula between vagina and bladder and or rectum compromising the quality of life. Pelvic radiation is the primary cause of delayed vesicovaginal fistula with incidence of 13%. Majority of them become apparent 1.5-2 year after termination of radiotherapy and can occur even up-to 20-30 years after the original insult. Keywords: cervical cancer, fistula, radiation induced

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Its Associations With Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Toxicities in Cancer Patients With Pelvic Radiation Therapy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbing Bai ◽  
Zahra A. Barandouzi ◽  
Claire Rowcliffe ◽  
Rebecca Meador ◽  
Despina Tsementzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Radiation Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Pelvic Radiation

AimPelvic radiation therapy (RT) can impact the gut microbiome in patients with cancer and result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the effects of RT on the gut microbiome and the associations between the gut microbiome and GI toxicities in patients treated with pelvic RT.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from their earliest records to August 2020. The articles screening process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mixed Method Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality for each included study. All study findings were synthesized and presented in narrative format. Thirteen studies were included. The gut microbiome of fecal samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing approaches.ResultsThere were disparities in alpha and beta diversities that existed across the studies. Divergent results were found among various phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus. Moreover, alteration in the gut microbiome diversity and abundance related to cancer treatment was associated with pelvic toxicities, specifically diarrhea. Following treatment, increases in the abundance of Bacteroides was associated with diarrhea and radiation enteritis.ConclusionsPelvic RT can disrupt the diversity and abundance of commensal gut microorganisms. A dysbiotic gut microbiome showed a promising association with radiation enteritis through alterations of the intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, and intestinal repair mechanisms; however, confounders, such as diet, were not thoroughly addressed.

scholarly journals Metastatic Malignant Gastric Glomus Tumour: Multidisciplinary Diagnosis & Treatment of a Rare Clinical Entity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan W. Francheville ◽  
Thomas Arnason ◽  
Michael D. Carter ◽  
Kian Khodadad ◽  
Carman Giacomantonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Glomus Tumour ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Glomus Tumors

Abstract Glomus tumours are uncommon neoplasms that are usually benign, solitary and most often found in the skin and soft tissue of distal extremities. Primary gastric glomus tumors are rare, but well described. Fewer than 15 cases of gastric glomus tumour have been reported to have malignant behaviour with distant metastases. Although surgical resection is effective if feasible, recurrence can occur and there is a paucity of evidence on medical treatment options. Here we present the case of a 69-year-old male with a gastric glomus tumour with metastases to abdominal viscera requiring multidisciplinary care for diagnosis, surgical resection, and multiple lines of systemic/radiation therapy guided by available evidence. Genomic analysis revealed a NOTCH2 rearrangement, described in only two prior works and highlighting future possibilities for targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Dosimetric Predictors of Radiation-Induced Vaginal Stenosis After Pelvic Radiation Therapy for Rectal and Anal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Son ◽  
Ethel Law ◽  
Jung Hun Oh ◽  
Aditya P. Apte ◽  
T. Jonathan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Vaginal Stenosis ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction Using Conventional Pelvic Radiation Therapy in a Rat Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
W. Lee ◽  
◽  
D. Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Radiation Induced

Objective: Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective and common treatment for prostate cancer. Although RT-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the particularly devastating side effects, there is a lack of preclinical studies on RT-induced ED. The aim of this study was to develop a RT-induced ED rat model. Design and Method: 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control (n=5) and RT group (n=5). Irradiated rats received external pelvic radiation in a single 24 Gy fraction. After 10 weeks, intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured with cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. Results: ICP/MAP ratios in the RT group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p=0.009). In the RT group, only focal loss of hair on irradiated area was observed, and there were no significant physical and physiological changes. Conclusions: In SD rats, external pelvic radiation in a single 24 Gy fraction induced decreased erectile function significantly, and did not cause serious adverse events. These results suggest that a rat model induced by external pelvic radiation in a single 24 Gy fraction is feasible and safe.

scholarly journals Osteítis por radiación y fracturas por insuficiencia pélvica en paciente con adenocarcinoma de próstata tratado con radioterapia. Aspectos clínicos y radiográficos de la enfermedad.

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Rafael FERNÁNDEZ GABARDA ◽  
M BALLESTA MORATALLA ◽  
MJ SANGÜESA NEBOT
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Insufficiency Fracture ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Pelvic Radiation ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Pelvic Insufficiency Fracture

Radiation osteitis is an anatomopathological term first coined by Ewing in 1926, refers to a radiation-induced inflammatory response in blood vessels, nerve tissue, and bone cells that can lead to fractures of the trabecular and cortical bone. Pelvic insufficiency fracture is a stress fracture over a weakened bone, seen in patients who have certain risk factors such as osteoporosis, connective tissue disease, use of corticosteroids, and especially in patients who have been treated with pelvic radiation therapy for rectal, anal, urogenital, and prostate tumors. We present the case of a 73-year-old patient with fractures due to pelvic failure treated four years before prostate adenocarcinoma with radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Clinical and radiographic diagnostic aspects are discussed.

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