Three-Dimensional Scaffold Fabrication with Inverse Photolithography

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Prashad ◽  
Ozlem Yasar
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Poly Ethylene

ABSTRACTIn recent years, tissue engineering has been utilized as an alternative approach to organ transplantation. Success rate of tissue regeneration influenced by the biomaterials, cell sources, growth factors and scaffold fabrication. Design and precise fabrication of scaffolds are required to support cells to expand and migrate to 3D environment. Common scaffold fabrication techniques use heat, adhesives, molds or light. In this research, “inverse-photolithography” which is a light based fabrication technique was used to generate the scaffolds. In order to control the interior architecture of the scaffold “a single vertical strut” and “a y-shape” were fabricated with the 3D printer by using the dissolvable filament. Then, the strut and the y-shape were immersed into the photo-curable solution which is poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and photo-initiator mixture. UV light with the 365nm wavelength was placed up-side down under the solution. Photo-curable mixture was exposed to the UV light for 3 minutes to cure the entire scaffold. Solidified scaffold with the strut and y-shape inside was kept in the limonene solution. Limonene penetrated through the open ended strut and y-shape and it dissolved the 3D printed strut and y-shape away leaving the fabricated PEGDA based scaffolds. This preliminary research showcases, the 3D scaffolds with the controlled interior design, can be fabricated with the “inverse-photolithography” technique.

Drug Delivered Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) Hydrogels and Their Mechanical Characterization Tests for Tissue Engineering Applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 1697-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerolos Hanna ◽  
Ozgul Yasar-Inceoglu ◽  
Ozlem Yasar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Scaffold Fabrication ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractTissue Engineering has been studied to develop tissues as an alternative approach to the organ regeneration. Successful artificial tissue growth in regenerative medicine depends on the precise scaffold fabrication as well as the cell-cell and cell-scaffold interaction. Scaffolds are extracellular matrices that guide cells to grow in 3D to regenerate the tissues. Cell-seeded scaffolds must be implanted to the damaged tissues to do the tissue regeneration. Scaffolds’ mechanical properties and porosities are the two main scaffold fabrication parameters as the scaffolds must be able to hold the pressure due to the surrounding tissues after the implantation process. In this research, scaffolds were fabricated by photolithography and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) which is a biocompatible and biodegradable material was used as a fabrication material. In order to compare the compressive properties of PEGDA only with the compressive properties of drug delivered PEGDA, firstly, PEGDA only solutions were prepared. Then, PEGDA was mixed with Meloxicam 15 mg, Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, Cyclobenzaprine 10 mg and Spironolactone-hctz 25-25 mg respectively and they were placed under the UV light for about 15 minutes to solidify the cylindrical shaped hydrogels. 5 samples from each group were fabricated under the same conditions. Laboratory temperature, photoinitiator concentration and UV light intensity was kept constant during the fabrication process. After the fabrication was completed, Instron 3369 universal mechanical testing machine with the 5 mm/min compression rate was used to do the compression tests to compare the drug effects on PEGDA hydrogels. Our results indicate that average ultimate strength of PEGDA only samples was 3.820 MPa. Also, due to the fact that Meloxicam 15 mg and PEGDA mixture did not solidify under the UV light at all, compression test could not be performed for PEGDA- Meloxicam 15 mg mixture. However, Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, Cyclobenzaprine 10 mg and Spironolactone-hctz 25-25 mg dissolved within the PEGDA completely and our compression results show that average ultimate strengths were 3.372 MPa, 1.602 MPa, 1.999 MPa respectively. This preliminary research showcases that compressive properties of the PEGDA-based photopolymerized scaffolds can be altered with the control of the drug type and drug concentration.

Projection Microfabrication of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hsin Han ◽  
Gazell Mapili ◽  
Shaochen Chen ◽  
Krishnendu Roy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Cellular Attachment ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Feature Resolution ◽  
Graphic Software

This article presents a micromanufacturing method for direct projection printing of three-dimensional scaffolds for applications in the field of tissue engineering by using a digital micromirror-array device (DMD) in a layer-by-layer process. Multilayered scaffolds are microfabricated using curable materials through an ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization process. The prepatterned UV light is projected onto the photocurable polymer solution by creating the “photomask” design with a graphic software. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate is mixed with a small amount of dye (0.3wt%) to enhance the fabrication resolution of the scaffold. The DMD fabrication system is equipped with a purging mechanism to prevent the accumulation of oligomer, which could interfere with the feature resolution of previously polymerized layers. The surfaces of the predesigned multilayered scaffold are covalently conjugated with fibronectin for efficient cellular attachment. Our results show that murine marrow-derived progenitor cells successfully attached to fibronectin-modified scaffolds.

scholarly journals On-demand modulation of 3D-printed elastomers using programmable droplet inclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 14790-14797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing Jii Mea ◽  
Luis Delgadillo ◽  
Jiandi Wan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Dynamic Tuning ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Poly Ethylene

One of the key thrusts in three-dimensional (3D) printing and direct writing is to seamlessly vary composition and functional properties in printed constructs. Most inks used for extrusion-based printing, however, are compositionally static and available approaches for dynamic tuning of ink composition remain few. Here, we present an approach to modulate extruded inks at the point of print, using droplet inclusions. Using a glass capillary microfluidic device as the printhead, we dispersed droplets in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) continuous phase and subsequently 3D printed the resulting emulsion into a variety of structures. The mechanical characteristics of the 3D-printed constructs can be tuned in situ by varying the spatial distribution of droplets, including aqueous and liquid metal droplets. In particular, we report the use of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) aqueous droplets for local PDMS chemistry alteration resulting in significant softening (85% reduced elastic modulus) of the 3D-printed constructs. Furthermore, we imparted magnetic functionality in PDMS by dispersing ferrofluid droplets and rationally designed and printed a rudimentary magnetically responsive soft robotic actuator as a functional demonstration of our droplet-based strategy. Our approach represents a continuing trend of adapting microfluidic technology and principles for developing the next generation of additive manufacturing technology.

scholarly journals A Non-Cytotoxic Resin for Micro-Stereolithography for Cell Cultures of HUVECs

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Männel ◽  
Carolin Fischer ◽  
Julian Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of microfluidic devices continuously replaces conventional fabrication methods. A versatile tool for achieving microscopic feature sizes and short process times is micro-stereolithography (µSL). However, common resins for µSL lack biocompatibility and are cytotoxic. This work focuses on developing new photo-curable resins as a basis for µSL fabrication of polymer materials and surfaces for cell culture. Different acrylate- and methacrylate-based compositions are screened for material characteristics including wettability, surface roughness, and swelling behavior. For further understanding, the impact of photo-absorber and photo-initiator on the cytotoxicity of 3D-printed substrates is studied. Cell culture experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in standard polystyrene vessels are compared to 3D-printed parts made from our library of homemade resins. Among these, after optimizing material composition and post-processing, we identify selected mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ethyl methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as most suitable to allow for fabricating cell culture platforms that retain both the viability and proliferation of HUVECs. Next, our PEGDA/PEGMEMA resins will be further optimized regarding minimal feature size and cell adhesion to fabricate microscopic (microfluidic) cell culture platforms, e.g., for studying vascularization of HUVECs in vitro.

Culturing of transgenic mice liver tissue slices in three-dimensional microfluidic structures of PEG-DA (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate)

2013 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Sivashankar ◽  
Srinivasu Valegerahally Puttaswamy ◽  
Ling-Hui Lin ◽  
Tz-Shuian Dai ◽  
Chau-Ting Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Mice Liver

scholarly journals Development of UV-Reactive Electrospinning Method Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Crosslinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huling ◽  
Beate Lyko ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Nicklas Fiedler ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractElectrospinning is a popular method for creating nonwoven fiber materials for a wide variety of applications. In the field of biomaterials, electrospun materials are favoured because of a high surface-to-volume ratio which can be useful for drug loading and release, and because nanoscale fibers mimic native tissue structures, improving cell interactions. However limitations exist with regards to traditional solvent evaporation-based electrospinning techniques. A new area of research into reactive electrospinning is investigating methods of electrospinning that rely on in situ crosslinking rather than solvent evaporation to stabilize fibers. These techniques can potentially reduce the waste of excess solvents and make it easier to electrospin water soluble polymers. In this work, UV photocrosslinked PEGDA is evaluated as a material for reactive electrospinning. To facilitate the electrospinning process poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PEGDA/PVA solutions can be successfully electrospun under constant UV light exposure to initiate the crosslinking of the PEGDA. Reactive electrospun fibers appear more stable immediately after spinning and after washing with water, indicating successful photo crosslinking.

scholarly journals A GelMA-PEGDA-nHA Composite Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Yihu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Cao ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Weipeng Lu ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Composite Hydrogel ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Stability

A new gelatin methacrylamine (GelMA)-poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite hydrogel scaffold was developed using UV photo-crosslinking technology. The Ca2+ from nHA can form a [HO]Ca2+ [OH] bridging structure with the hydroxyl group in GelMA, thereby enhancing the stability. Compared with GelMA-PEGDA hydrogel, the addition of nHA can control the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel and reduce the degradation rate. In vitro cell culture showed that osteoblast can adhere and proliferate on the surface of the hydrogel, indicating that the GelMA-PEGDA-nHA hydrogel had good cell viability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, GelMA-PEGDA-nHA has excellent injectability and rapid prototyping properties and is a promising 3D printed bone repair scaffold material.

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