Effects of sequential He+ and Ar+ implantation on surface properties of polymers

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2661-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal R. Rao ◽  
Eal H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Hardness Increase

Three important polymers: polystyrene (PS), poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), and polyimide Kapton, were irradiated separately with 1 MeV He+, 1 MeV Ar+, and 1 MeV He+ followed by 1 MeV Ar+ sequentially, to a fluence of 3 × 1019 ions/m2 for each ion. The specimens were characterized for changes in surface hardness using a nanoindentation technique, and wear resistance using a reciprocating sliding wear apparatus with a steel ball counterface. Results indicated that while all polymers showed higher hardness values after ion irradiation, the dual irradiation resulted in the largest hardness increase, greater than for the single ion-irradiated specimens. Wear test results also indicated that the dual He+ + Ar+ irradiation resulted in the best improvement in wear resistance of the polymers. These improvements in properties are a consequence of cross-linking of the polymer material caused by the ion irradiation. Linear energy transfer considerations showed that the dual He+ + Ar+ implantation was better because it combined a deeper implant, in the form of He, along with Ar irradiation which resulted in a shallower but more highly cross-linked layer at the near surface. Thus a deeper and graded cross-linked surface region was formed. The study shows that there is greater flexibility for tailoring surface properties of polymers by using a judicious combination of ion species, ion energies, and fluences.

IMPROVING THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF INCONEL 718 BY APPLYING A CO2 LASER HEAT TREATMENT TO A HIGH-VELOCITY OXY-FUEL COATING OF WC-CrCo POWDER

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. CHO ◽  
J. H. YOON ◽  
Y. K. JOO ◽  
S. H. ZHANG ◽  
J. Y. CHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Three Samples

A micron-sized WC-CrCo powder was coated onto an IN718 substrate using high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. To further improve the surface properties, the HVOF coating was heat-treated by a CO2 laser. The surface properties of both the coating and the laser-heated coating were then compared. The HVOF optimal coating process (OCP) for a coating with the highest surface hardness was determined with the Taguchi program. The friction and wear behaviors of the coating, an electrolytic hard chrome (EHC)-plated coating and IN718, were comparatively investigated via a reciprocating sliding wear test at both 25 and 450°C. The friction coefficient (FC) for all three samples decreased when the sliding surface temperature increased from 25 to 450°C. The FC of the coating decreased with increasing surface temperature: 0.33 ± 0.02 at 25°C to 0.26 ± 0.02 at 450°C; the coating had the lowest FC among the three samples. At both temperatures, the coating wear depth (WD) was smaller than those of the EHC sample and IN718. At room temperature, WC-CrCo and the EHC coatings had good wear resistance and had only a shallow WD. IN718, however, had poor wear resistance with 50 μm deep grooves created from fretting corrosion that arose during the 1500 reciprocating slides (2.5 Hz, 10 min sliding wear test). At 450°C, the coating WDs were much shallower than those for the EHC coating and IN718: 0.5-μm deep grooves compared to 60–70-μm deep grooves. These results proved that the coating provided a protective coating for IN718 and other metal components. With the OCP coating fabricated from the powders on the IN718 surface, the surface hardness increased 316% from 399 Hv to 1260 Hv. Furthermore, by laser heating the coating surface for 0.6 s, the hardness increased 44% from 1260 ±30 Hv to 1820 ±100 Hv, porosity decreased more than five times from 2.2 ± 0.3% to 0.4 ± 0.1%, and the coating thickness decreased 17% from 300 to 250 μm. These results showed that both the WC-CrCo powder coating and the laser-heating improved the surface properties of IN718.

Change in Backlash of Humanoid Robot Joints under High Load

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Hitonobu Koike ◽  
Kenji Kanemasu ◽  
Kiyoto Itakura ◽  
Shota Okazaki ◽  
Masahiro Takamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
High Load ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Joint Evaluation

In this work, wear of reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) polymer bushes in friction against 7075 aluminium alloy cam plates or titanium crankshafts is investigated in order to establish the application possibilities in transmission parts in humanoid robot joints under high load torque. The PEEK bush wear requires close examination as well as the input axis-output axis transmission error (backlash). Sliding wear tests were performed on bushes under 4000 kgfcm (392 Nm) load torque, while the cam plate oscillated in the humanoid robot leg joint evaluation system. The robot joint using PEEK bush achieved quite small backlash after the fatigue wear test.

Amortization and Recrystallization of 6H-SiC by ion Beam Irradiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Heera ◽  
R. Kögler ◽  
W. Skorupa ◽  
J. Stoemenos
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Amorphous Sic

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the damage in the near surface region of single crystalline 6H-SiC generated by 200 keV Ge+ ion implantation at room temperature (RT) was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/chanelling (RBS/C). The threshold dose for amorphization was found to be about 3 · 1014 cm-2, Amorphous surface layers produced with Ge+ ion doses above the threshold were partly annealed by 300 keV Si+ ion beam induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) at a relatively low temperature of 480°C For comparison, temperatures of at least 1450°C are necessary to recrystallize amorphous SiC layers without assisting ion irradiation. The structure and quality of both the amorphous and recrystallized layers were characterized by cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Density changes of SiC due to amorphization were measured by step height measurements.

Investigation of thermochemical boriding effect on wear behavior of a GGG 50 quality as-cast ductile iron

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Mindivan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Cast Ductile Iron

Purpose This study aims to investigate the microstructure and the abrasive wear features of the untreated and pack borided GGG 50 quality ductile iron under various working temperatures. Design/methodology/approach GGG 50 quality as-cast ductile iron samples were pack borided in Ekabor II powder at 900°C for 3 h, followed by furnace cooling. Structural characterization was made by optical microscopy. Mechanical characterization was made by hardness and pin-on-disc wear test. Pin-on-disc test was conducted on a 240-mesh Al2O3 abrasive paper at various temperatures in between 25 and 450°C. Findings Room temperature abrasive wear resistance of the borided ductile iron increased with an increase in its surface hardness. High-temperature abrasive wear resistances of the borided ductile iron linearly decreased with an increase in test temperature. However, the untreated ductile iron exhibited relatively high resistance to abrasion at a temperature of 150°C. Originality/value This study can be a practical reference and offers insight into the effects of boriding process on the increase of room temperature wear resistance. However, above 150°C, the untreated ductile iron exhibited similar abrasive wear performance as compared to the borided ductile iron.

A study on the Surface Properties of Nitrogen Implanted H13 Steel by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Y.Z. You ◽  
D.I. Kim ◽  
H.G. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation

The near surface of the H13 steel was implanted by using Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) system at constant bias voltage of −20 kV with varying nitrogen (N+ ) ion dose (3, 6, 9, 12, 15×1017 ions/cm2 ). The surface properties of the N+ ion implanted steel were investigated by measuring the microhardness, wear loss and friction coefficient. As increasing N+ ion dose (12×1017 ions/cm2), both wear property and surface hardness were increased. However, these properties were decreased as the incident ion dose increased over 12×1017 ions/cm2. The elemental depth profile and surface roughness were obtained with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface roughness tester, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ION IMPLANTATION ON HARDNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudjatmoko, Lely Susita R.M., Wirjoadi, Bambang Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
Nitrogen Ion Implantation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF NITROGEN ION IMPLANTATION ON HARDNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY. The nitrogen ion implantation technique was chosen for improving surface hardness and the wear resistance properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. An optimum nitrogen ion dose of 5 ´ 1016 ion/cm2 and ion energies of 70, 80 and 100 keV were used in this study. Microstructure, chemical composition and surface morphology studied using the technique of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Analysis of the SEM-EDX micrographs and XRD diffraction patterns indicate that implanted layer on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy sample showed the presence of Ti2N and TiN phases which very hard and excellent wear resistance properties. Microhardness was measured by Vickers method, and the wear resistance was determined using the wear test equipment that work based on the amount of samples material lost during wear time. The results of measurements clearly indicate that implanted layer on surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy sample produced an optimum enhancement of hardness properties and wear resistance, and it occurs at ion energy of 80 keV and ion dose of 5 ´ 1016 ion/cm2. It is obtained that the hardness of implanted layer was increased by a factor of 2.1; whereas the wear resistance increased up to a factor of 27 compared to the standard sample. The increase in hardness and wear resistance of implanted layer are mainly due to the formation of Ti2N and TiN phases.

Modification of poly(ether ether ketone) by ion irradiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hnatowicz ◽  
V. Havránek ◽  
J. Bočan ◽  
A. Macková ◽  
J. Vacík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

Advancement in Ferrite-Based Alloy Coatings by Laser Cladding

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jun Yu ◽  
Ting He ◽  
Chuan Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Alloy Component ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Development Tendency ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Fe-based alloy is widely used for its good wear resistance and high performance-to-price ratio compared with other alloys. Laser cladding is a kind of valid method of metal surface modification, which has been successfully employed to modify the microstructure and/or composition of the near surface region to improve the wear, corrosion and oxidation resistance of a ferrite-based alloy component. In this paper, the recent research status in laser clad ferrite-based alloys is reviewed. The rules of designing laser cladding materials are introduced. The main problems and the solutions of the laser cladding materials application are analysized. The development tendency of laser cladding is forecast.

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