Development of High Resolution X-Ray CT Technique for Highly-Radioactive Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Katsuyama ◽  
Akihiro Ishimi ◽  
Koji Maeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nagamine ◽  
Takeo Asaga
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Assembly ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Irradiated Fuel

ABSTRACTIn order to observe the structural change in the interior of irradiated fuel assembly, the non-destructive post irradiation examination technique using X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) was developed.In this X-ray CT system, the 12 MeV X-ray pulses were used in synchronization with the switch-in of the detector in order to minimize the effects of the gamma ray emissions from the irradiated fuel assembly then clear cross section CT image of irradiated fuel assembly could be successfully obtained. Also, this non-destructive technique can be applied to observe the inner condition of the high radioactive materials such as a radioactive waste.

scholarly journals 60Fe in core-collapse supernovae and prospects for X-ray and gamma-ray detection in supernova remnants

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (3) ◽  
pp. 4287-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W Jones ◽  
Heiko Möller ◽  
Chris L Fryer ◽  
Christopher J Fontes ◽  
Reto Trappitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova ◽  
Structure Line ◽  
Solar Metallicity

Abstract We investigate 60Fe in massive stars and core-collapse supernovae focussing on uncertainties that influence its production in 15, 20, and 25 M$\odot$ stars at solar metallicity. We find that the 60Fe yield is a monotonic increasing function of the uncertain 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section and that a factor of 10 reduction in the reaction rate results in a factor of 8–10 reduction in the 60Fe yield, while a factor of 10 increase in the rate increases the yield by a factor of 4–7. We find that none of the 189 simulations we have performed are consistent with a core-collapse supernova triggering the formation of the Solar system, and that only models using 59Fe(n, γ)60Fe cross-section that is less than or equal to that from NON-SMOKER can reproduce the observed 60Fe/26Al line flux ratio in the diffuse interstellar medium. We examine the prospects of detecting old core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Milky Way from their gamma-ray emission from the decay of 60Fe, finding that the next generation of gamma-ray missions could be able to discover up to ∼100 such old SNRs as well as measure the 60Fe yields of a handful of known Galactic SNRs. We also predict the X-ray spectrum that is produced by atomic transitions in 60Co following its ionization by internal conversion and give theoretical X-ray line fluxes as a function of remnant age as well as the Doppler and fine-structure line broadening effects. The X-ray emission presents an interesting prospect for addressing the missing SNR problem with future X-ray missions.

Non-destructive Microstructural Evaluation of Intact and Restored Human Teeth Using Tabletop X-Ray $$\upmu $$ μ CT System

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fatima ◽  
V. K. Kulkarni ◽  
A. K. Agrawal ◽  
N. R. Banda ◽  
P. S. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Teeth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Non Destructive

Use of Gamma Ray Back Scattering Method for Corrosion Assessment in Insulated Pipes

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Elhoushy ◽  
Mohamed H. Hassan ◽  
Abdelfattah Y. Soliman ◽  
Mohsen A. Abou Mandour
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Corrosion Assessment ◽  
Mcnp5 Code ◽  
Non Destructive

Corrosion of insulated pipes is a major problem in nuclear,petrochemical and other industries.This type of corrosion is difficult to measure by the available techniques of ultrasound and transmission gamma or x-ray radiography due to the presence of insulating material and limited accessibility to both sides. Gamma-ray backscattering technique is a non-contactmethod and is highly suitable for buried insulated pipes where access is limited to one side only.In the present work, MCNP5 code was used to simulate a case where pipe corrosion (i.e., wall thinning) was measured by gamma backscattered technique. A steel pipe is bombarded by collimated gamma ray beam of 1 cm diameter from an 8 mCi137Cs source. The pipehad different wall thicknesses and was wrapped with a commercially available insulator. Upon interaction with the pipe wall, a 2x2 cm NaI (Tl) scintillation detector was used to measure the scattered radiation due to Compton scattering. The codewas used to evaluate the sensitivity of the device to predict pipe wall thinning as an indication for pipe corrosion. Then, parametric analysis was done to investigate the effects of pipe diameter, insulator thickness, source collimator diameter, source shield thickness as well as the thickness of the shied between the source and the detector on the device response. Effect of empty vs. water-filled pipes on the device response was also investigated. Results indicate that Gamma-ray backscattering technique can be used successfully as a non-destructive test for measuring wall thinning of insulated pipes as an indication of their corrosion.

Failure Analysis of a Qualification Unit Injector for a Satellite Thruster

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lipschutz ◽  
R. Brannam ◽  
T. Nguyentat
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Unit Injector

Abstract This article details the results of a failure analysis performed on a Qualification Unit injector for a military satellite thrusters and explains that the failure was initially detected due to a shift in performance during qualification testing. Failure analysis involved non-destructive evaluation on the injector using micro-focus X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. Serial cross-sectional metallography was then performed, with each cross-section documented by optical microscopy and SEM. The failure analysis resulted in three main conclusions: (1) the root cause of the failure was attributed to multiple detonations in or around the damaged orifice; these detonations were likely caused by fuel and/or combustion products condensing in the orifice between pulses and then igniting during a subsequent pulse; (2) multiple damage mechanisms were identified in addition to the ZOT detonations; and (3) the material and platelet manufacturing process met all design parameters.

Lithium distribution analysis in all-solid-state lithium battery using microbeam particle-induced X-ray emission and particle-induced gamma-ray emission techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshino ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
T. Satoh ◽  
M. Finsterbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Micrometer Scale

For confirming the feasibility of micrometer scale analysis of lithium distribution in the all-solid-state lithium battery using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, the cross-section of pellet type battery was analyzed by microbeam particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) measurements. A three-layered pellet-type battery (cathode: LiNbO3-coated [Formula: see text]/solid electrolyte: [Formula: see text]/anode: [Formula: see text]) was prepared for the measurements. Via elemental mapping of the cross-section of the prepared battery, the difference in the yields of gamma rays from the [Formula: see text] inelastic scattering (i.e., the lithium concentrations) between the composite electrodes and the solid electrolyte layer was clarified. The difference in the number of lithium ions at the composite anode/solid electrolyte interface of ([Formula: see text] mol) in the battery can be clearly detected by the microbeam PIGE technique. Therefore, lithium distribution analysis with a micrometer-scale spatial resolution is demonstrated. Further analysis of the cathode/anode composite electrodes with the different states of charge could provide important information to design a composite for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Defect Identification and Classification for Digital X-Ray Images

2007 ◽  
Vol 10-12 ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yin ◽  
G.Y. Tian ◽  
Guo Fu Yin ◽  
A.M. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Automatic Welding ◽  
Security Screening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Feature Extraction And Selection ◽  
Defect Image ◽  
Welding Defect ◽  
Non Destructive

Radiography inspection (X-ray or gamma ray) is one of the most commonly used Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods. More and more digital X-ray imaging is used for medical diagnosis, security screening, or industrial inspection, which is important for e-manufacturing. In this paper, we firstly introduced an automatic welding defect inspection system for X-ray image evaluation, defect image database and applications of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for NDE. Then, feature extraction and selection methods are used for defect representation. Seven categories of geometric features were defined and selected to represent characteristics of different kinds of welding defect. Finally, a feed-forward backpropagation neural network is implemented for the purpose of defect classification. The performance of the proposed methods are tested and discussed.

scholarly journals Exemplification of Detecting Gas Turbine Blade Structure Defects Using the X-ray Computed Tomography Method

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio ◽  
Marek Chalimoniuk ◽  
Artur Kułaszka ◽  
Henryk Borowczyk ◽  
Dariusz Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray computed tomography is more often applied in non-destructive testing the quality of construction elements significantly crucial for reliability and safety of device elements, machines and complex industrial systems. This article describes the computed tomography (CT) system used to inspect the technical condition of turbine blades of the aircraft engine. The impact of the experimental conditions on the correctness of the obtained results was determined. The appropriate selection of parameters for the experiment was given, and the correct test results of gas turbine blades were presented. Failures, manufacturing defects, material deviations of nickel-cobalt alloyed blades were identified. The thickness of walls was measured in the selected cross-sections with the accuracy of 0.01 mm, and selected manufacturing defects of cooling passages were diagnosed. It was demonstrated that the application of the CT system allows for detailed non-destructive inspection of the technical condition of machine parts. The test results proved that the X-ray computed tomography could be applied in the production and repairs of machines.

Three-Dimensional X-Ray CT Image of an Irradiated FBR Fuel Assembly

2010 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Katsuyama ◽  
Koji Maeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nagamine ◽  
Hirotaka Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
X Ray

SEM-based X-ray tomography of sub-micrometer defects in 3D integration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 000641-000646
Author(s):  
D. Laloum ◽  
C. Ribière ◽  
M. Gottardi ◽  
T. Mourier ◽  
F. Lorut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
3D Integration ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solder Balls ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
Non Destructive

3D integration is a promising technology to overcome miniaturization challenges and chips densification. It consists in increasing the number of components by realizing vertical pileups of interconnected chips. Solder balls, through silicon vias (TSVs) and copper pillars are widely used for that purpose. It is essential to characterize these metallic structures in order to validate the fabrication process and to ensure an optimal connection between the different chips. Here, X-ray tomography is proposed as a non-destructive technique to investigate metallic interconnections. In particular, the potential of an innovative computerized tomography (CT) system, the X-ray tomography hosted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented. Since sample preparation is an important step of the X-ray characterization process, the use of a Plasma Focused Ion Beam (P-FIB) to extract large chunks out of the bulk silicon is reported. We expose an original work towards systematic studies: in order to validate a new copper filling chemistry, five samples containing TSVs at various filling rates have been scanned and the 3D results are shown. Chunks containing completely filled TSVs have then been scanned and their resulting 3D reconstructions demonstrate that the instrument is able to detect 500 nm diameter voids. The advantages and limitations of this characterization method are finally pointed out.

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