Structure and magnetic properties of 4H-SrMnO3-δ(δ=0.0 and 0.18) nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of appropriate precursor

2014 ◽  
Vol 1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parras ◽  
I. N. González-Jiménez ◽  
A. Torres-Pardo ◽  
A. E. Sánchez-Pelaez ◽  
A. Gutiérrez ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTStoichiometric 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized for the first time from thermal decomposition of a new heterometallic precursor [SrMn(edta)(H2O)5]·3/2H2O. From this precursor, highly homogeneous 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles with average particle size 70 nm are obtained. Local structural information, provided by atomically-resolved microscopy techniques, shows that 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles exhibit the same general structural features than the bulk material, although structural disorder, due to edge-dislocations, is observed. The nanometric size of particles enables a topotactic reduction process at low temperature stabilizing a metastable 4H-SrMnO2.82 phase. The oxygen deficiency is accommodated through extra cubic layers breaking the …hchc… 4H-sequence. These defect areas are Mn3+ rich as evidenced by high energy resolution EELS data. Magnetic characterization of nano-4H-SrMnO3-δ shows significant variations with respect to the bulk material.

Author(s):  
И.В. Бачериков ◽  
Б.М. Локштанов

При проектировании открытых и закрытых хранилищ измельченных сыпучих материалов древесных материалов, таких как щепа и опилки, большое значение имеет угол естественного откоса (статический и динамический) этих материалов. В технической литературе приводятся противоречивые сведения о величине этих углов, что приводит к ошибкам при проектировании складов. В справочных данных не учитываются условия, в которых эксплуатируются емкости для хранения сыпучих материалов, свойства и состояние этих сыпучих материалов. В свою очередь, ошибки при проектировании приводят к проблемам (зависание, сводообразование, «затопление» и т. д.) и авариям при эксплуатации бункеров и силосов на производстве. В статье представлены сведения, посвященные влиянию влажности и температуры на угол естественного откоса сыпучих материалов. На основании лабораторных и натурных экспериментов, проведенных с помощью специально разработанных методик и установок, была скорректирована формула для определения углов естественного откоса (статического и динамического) для измельченных древесных материалов в зависимости от их фракционного и породного состава, влажности (абсолютной и относительной) и температуры. При помощи скорректированной формулы можно определить угол естественного откоса древесных сыпучих материалов со среднегеометрическим размером частицы от 0,5 мм до 15 мм (от древесной пыли до технологической щепы) в различных производственных условиях. Статья может быть полезна проектировщикам при расчете угла наклона граней выпускающей воронки бункеров и силосов предприятий лесной отрасли и целлюлозо-бумажной промышленности. In the design of open and closed storage warehouses chopped wood materials for bulk materials such as wood chips and sawdust, great importance has an angle of repose (static and dynamic) of these materials. In the technical literature are conflicting reports about the magnitude of these angles, which leads to errors in the design of warehouses. In the referencesdoes not take into account the conditions under which operated capacities for storage of bulk materials, and properties and condition of the bulk material. The design errors lead to problems (hanging, arching, «flooding», etc.) and accidents in the operation of hoppers and silos at the mills. The article provides information on the impact of humidity and temperature on the angle of repose of granular materials. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments, conducted with the help of specially developed techniques and facilities has been adjusted formula for determining the angle of repose (static and dynamic) for the shredded wood materials depending on their fractional and species composition, humidity (absolute and relative) and temperature. It is possible, by using the corrected formula, to determine the angle of repose of loose wood materials with average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (wood dust to pulpchips) in various operating conditions. The article can be helpful to designers in the calculation of the angle of inclination of the funnel faces produces bunkers and silos forest industries and pulp and paper industry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Jameel ◽  
Azlan Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohammed Ali Dheyab

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have attracted interest in catalysis and biomedical applications due to their unique structural, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the conventional synthesis of Pt NPs using the chemical and physical methods is constrained by the use of harmful and costly chemicals, intricate preparation requirement, and high energy utilization. Hence, this review emphasizes on the green synthesis of Pt NPs using plant extracts as an alternative approach due to its simplicity, convenience, inexpensiveness, easy scalability, low energy requirement, environmental friendliness, and minimum usage of hazardous materials and maximized efficiency of the synthesis process. The underlying complex processes that cover the green synthesis (biosynthesis) of Pt NPs were reviewed. This review affirms the effects of different critical parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass dosage) on the size and shape of the synthesized Pt NPs. For instance, the average particle size of Pt NPs was reported to decrease with increasing pH, reaction temperature, and concentration of plant extract.


2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Tien Hiep Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Van Minh Nguyen ◽  

In this work the kinetics of synthesizing process of metallic iron nanopowder by hydrogen reduction from α-FeOOH hydroxide under isothermal conditions were studied. α-FeOOH nanopowder was prepared in advance by chemical deposition from aqueous solutions of iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3 (10 wt. %) and alkali NaOH (10 wt. %) at room temperature, pH = 11, under the condition of continuous stirring. The hydrogen reduction process of α-FeOOH nanopowder under isothermal conditions was carried out in a tube furnace in the temperature range from 390 to 470 °C. The study of the crystal structure and composition of the powders was performed by X-ray phase analysis. The specific surface area S of the samples was measured using BET method by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The average particle size D of powders was determined via the measured S value. The size characteristics and morphology of the particles were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The calculation of the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen reduction process of α-FeOOH under isothermal conditions was carried out by the Gray-Weddington model and Arrhenius equation. It is shown that the rate constant of reduction at 470 °C is approximately 2.2 times higher than in the case at 390 °C. The effective activation energy of synthesizing process of iron nanopowder by hydrogen reduction from α-FeOOH was ~38 kJ/mol, which indicates a mixed reaction mode. In this case, the kinetics overall process is limited by both the kinetics of the chemical reaction and the kinetics of diffusion, respectively, an expedient way to accelerate the process by increasing the temperature or eliminate the diffusion layer of the reduction product by intensive mixing. It is show that Fe nanoparticles obtained by hydrogen reduction of its hydroxide at 410 °C, corresponding to the maximum specific rate of the reduction process, are mainly irregular in shape, evenly distributed, the size of which ranges from several dozens to 100 nm with an average value of 75 nm.


2019 ◽  
Vol 956 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Bei Lei Yan ◽  
Wei Wei Meng ◽  
San Chao Zhao

In this work, a thermal reduction process via ultrafine titanium powder as the reducing agent under argon atmosphere is firstly used to prepare Ti4O7. Compared with the conventional method, this experiment process reduces the sintering temperature to 850°C. The phase transformation and the morphology of the as-prepared powders are examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, it is found that the Ti4O7 powders obtained by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited the crystal structure, distinctly possessing an average particle size around 750 nm. The as-prepared Ti4O7 nanoparticles are used as anode active material in lithium battery. The results demonstrate that the anode with Ti4O7 calcined at 850°C by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited insertion/extraction lithium ion property.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Babić-Stojić ◽  
Vukoman Jokanović ◽  
Dušan Milivojević ◽  
Zvonko Jagličić ◽  
Darko Makovec ◽  
...  

We present a study of magnetic and structural properties of CoFe2O4nanoparticles suspended in an organic liquid. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the nanoparticles have a narrow size distribution of average particle size 5.9 ± 1.0 nm. X-ray diffraction shows that the particles are of cubic spinel crystal structure. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the existence of an organic shell around the CoFe2O4nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 14.4 nm. Coercive magnetic field atT=5 K is found to be 11.8 kOe. Disappearance of the coercive field and remanent magnetization at about 170 K suggests that the CoFe2O4nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at higher temperatures which is confirmed by the room temperature Mössbauer spectrum analysis. Saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles of 80.8 emu/g(CoFe2O4) at 5 K reaches the value detected in the bulk material and remains very high also at room temperature. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticle system synthesized in this work exhibits magnetic properties which are very suitable for various biomedical applications.


2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rajkovic ◽  
D. Bozic ◽  
M. Popovic ◽  
M.T. Jovanovic

Inert gas atomized prealloyed copper powder containing 2 wt.% Al (average particle size ? 30 ?m) and a mixture consisting of copper (average particle sizes ? 15 ?m and 30 ?m) and 4 wt.% of commercial Al2O3 powder particles (average particle size ? 0.75 ?m) were milled separately in a high-energy planetary ball mill up to 20 h in air. Milling was performed in order to strengthen the copper matrix by grain size refinement and Al2O3 particles. Milling in air of prealloyed copper powder promoted formation of finely dispersed nano-sized Al2O3 particles by internal oxidation. On the other side, composite powders with commercial micro-sized Al2O3 particles were obtained by mechanical alloying. Following milling, powders were treated in hydrogen at 400 0C for 1h in order to eliminate copper oxides formed on their surface during milling. Hot-pressing (800 0C for 3 h in argon at pressure of 35 MPa) was used for compaction of milled powders. Hot-pressed composite compacts processed from 5 and 20 h milled powders were additionally subjected to high temperature exposure (800?C for 1 and 5h in argon) in order to examine their thermal stability. The results were discussed in terms of the effects of different size of starting powders, the grain size refinement and different size of Al2O3 particles on strengthening, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of copper-based composites.


2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Heitjans ◽  
Martin Wilkening

Materials with an average particle size of less than about 50 nm often show new or at least enhanced physical properties. In many cases nanocrystalline ionic conductors exhibit a high increase of cation, e. g. Li+, or anion, e. g. F−, diffusivity. In the present contribution we review recent studies on ion dynamics in nanocrystalline ion conductors, both single-phase systems and composites, being prepared by high-energy ball milling. These include, e.g., LiTaO3, Li2O:Al2O3, LiF:Al2O3, BaF2, CaF2, BaF2:CaF2 and (BaF2:CaF2):Al2O3. Dynamic properties were probed by 7Li and/or 19F NMR line shape and relaxation as well as ion conductivity measurements.


2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Liu ◽  
Dian Mo Zheng

Zinc acetate and ammonium bicarbonate are used as raw material, zinc oxide prepared by direct precipitation of new technology. This paper discusses the effection of the formation in zinc oxide from the reactant concentration of zinc acetate, HCO3-/Zn2+ molarity ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and condition in thermal decomposition of basic zinc carbonate. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric / differential thermal analysis (TG / DTA) and other methods, preparation of nano-ZnO are characterized. Good conditions for the better system of nano- ZnO are 0.75mol /L in the concentration of zinc acetate solution, 2.5:1 in bicarbonate of ammonia and zinc acetate molar ratio, 45 °C of reaction temperature, 1.0h of reaction time, and 350 °C in thermal decomposition temperature, 3.0h of pyrolysis time. Zinc oxide obtained average particle size is 20 ~ 80nm, for the hexagonal crystal form.


2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (24n25) ◽  
pp. 3312-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. MORRISH ◽  
Z. W. LI ◽  
J. Z. JIANG

A unit cell of a spinel ferrite is just under 1 nm, actually about 0.8 nm. Particles approaching this size can be expected to possess properties that differ from the bulk material. Bulk polycrystalline Zn-ferrite ( ZnFe2O4 ) has been ball milled; after 50 h the average particle size is about 13 nm. The 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra at T = 4.2 K with and without a large (52 kOe) magnetic field applied longitudinally establish that the antiferromagnetic structure of the bulk has become ferrimagnetic in the ten nanometer particles via the transfer of some Zn cations from the A (tetrahedral) sites to the B (octahedral) sites. In addition, there is a large non-collinearity in the magnetic structure.


2018 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Yana Dubkova ◽  
Alexander Vorozhtsov ◽  
Valery Kuznetsov ◽  
Vladimir Promakhov ◽  
...  

The paper studies dispersion, oxidation degree, burning rate and combustion heat in high-energy mixtures obtained from of Al-Mg powder materials depending on the duration of mechanical activation in a planetary mill. According to dispersion analysis by laser diffraction method, 3 h mechanical activation gives Al-Mg particles with average particle size of 30 μm compared to 180 μm particles obtained after 2 h activation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to record TG/DSC curves and measure burning rate and combustion heat for synthesized powders in comparison with engineered Al-Mg powder PAM−4 (Novosverdlovsk Metallurgical Company, Yekaterinburg, Russia). It has been found that the injection of 6 h mechanically activated Al-Mg powder into high-energy compositions leads to 24 and 45% increase of burning rate and combustion heat compared to the compositions without additive.


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