Flame Retardant Protective Coating Applied in Textile 100% Acrylic Fabrics

2009 ◽  
Vol 1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Olvera-Gracia ◽  
T. Kryshtab ◽  
A.M. Paniagua-Mercado ◽  
J. Aguilar-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTTextile 100 % acrylic fabrics have been used in tapestry for a long time. One of the drawbacks of this type of fabrics is its great flammability. Textile fabrics are coated with flame retardant in order to reduce the flammability. We present some results concerning the use of commercial products (Flame-Out, Borax (Na2B4O5(OH)4•8H2O), and Hexametaphosphate of Sodium (Na16P14O43) as flame retardants for textile 100 % acrylic fabrics. The flame retardant capabilities, mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the textile fabrics before and after the use of these products were investigated throughout the special textile methods for inflammability and mechanical resistibility as well as infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. After the use of the flame retardants the mechanical properties of the fabrics were improved or at least remained the same as compared to fabrics without any treatment. The use of Borax / Hexametaphosphate from Sodium /Water results in the essential increase of combustion retardation time about 2 minutes as compared with 8 seconds for untreated fabrics.

scholarly journals Long Time Stability Investigation for Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ti-doped Barium Ferrite

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Malek Al Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Long Time

Barium hexaferrite (BHF) (BaFe12O19) and its substituted derivatives have been considered as the most potential magnetic candidates with considerable chemical stability and physiochemical characteristics. BHF with x ferrite ions substituted by titanium (Ti-doped BTHF) (BaTixFe12-xO19) (x=1 and x=3) was prepared from ferric oxide (Fe2O3), barium oxide (BaO), and titanium oxide (TiO2) of purity >98%. The materials were mixed with deionized water and then dried at 1100°C and 1200°C overnight. For the formation of BaFe12O19 phase, the mixture was annealed at a rate of 10°C/min in static air atmosphere until reaching 1200°C and then maintained for 10 h. Structural properties of these samples were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy, while magnetic properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) device. Magnetic and structural characteristics are investigated after preserving Ti-doped BHF samples at room temperature and ambient conditions for 12 years. The samples are characterized using the same previous techniques to find out the possible effect of long period storage on their properties. The results showed that the storage process has little effect on these properties where the granular size increased due to increased oxidation. XRD tests also showed the absence of Ti at low ratios due to increased oxidation of ferrite. VSM results showed increased magnetic properties after storage due to increased iron oxide.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Deposition of 45S5 Bioglass® Coatings on the Ti6Al4V Prosthetic Alloy with Improved Mechanical Properties

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Imen Azzouz ◽  
Joël Faure ◽  
Kaouther Khlifi ◽  
Ahmed Cheikh Larbi ◽  
Hicham Benhayoune
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stable Suspension ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v ◽  
45S5 Bioglass

In this paper, 45S5 Bioglass® coatings were elaborated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. An adequate grinding protocol was developed to obtain a stable suspension of submicrometric particles in isopropanol. The voltage and the deposition time of EPD were optimized. An optimal voltage of 30 V and two deposition times (30 and 90 s) were chosen to obtain two different coatings with thicknesses of 21 and 85 µm, respectively. The as-deposited coatings were thermally treated following a two-step protocol: one hour at 120 °C followed by one hour at 450 °C. The surface morphology and the chemical analysis of the 45S5 Bioglass® coatings were assessed, before and after heat treatment, by scanning electron microscopy associated to X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDXS). Their structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A scratch test study was developed for mechanical properties analysis. The obtained results revealed that the obtained coatings were homogeneous, weakly crystallized with an important compactness. An increase in the critical load LC associated with the cohesive limit of the film (from Lc = 3.39 N to Lc = 5.18 N) was observed when the coating thickness was decreased from 85 to 21 µm. After the thermal treatment, the chemical composition of the coatings was not altered, and their mechanical properties were improved.

The Influence of Mineralogical Composition Changes of Sandstone Cement on Physical-Mechanical Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kovářová ◽  
Zdenek Pala
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Road Salts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composition Changes

The aim of the contribution is to present the results of research focused on cement mineralogical composition changes and their influence on physical-mechanical properties of sandstones. Three types of Czech sandstones were tested during this experiment Hořice, Kocběře and Božanov. The sandstone samples were treated in the climatic chamber in order to simulate weathering processes that are typical for winter period in Prague. The influence of road salts was also taken into consideration. For the purposes of mineralogical changes determination the sandstone cement was separated and subsequently analyzed using X-Ray diffraction a DTA/TG analysis. The physical-mechanical properties such as e.g. uniaxial compressive strength, water absorption and open porosity were determined before and after the climatic treatment to enable evaluation of the influence of weathering processes.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Faoms Modified with Selected Flame Retardants or Layered Silicates

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369351102000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Piszczyk ◽  
Magdalena Danowska ◽  
Michał Strankowski ◽  
Iwona Gibas ◽  
Józef Tadeusz Haponiuk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The flame retardants: expandable graphite, decabromodiphenyloxid, triethylphosphate and nanofillers: natural montmoryllonite [MMT] – Nanofil®116, natural MMT modified with a quaternary ammonium salt - Cloisite®10A, synthetic layered silicate – Laponite®RD has been used in rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The influence of fillers amounts on processing parameters, physical–mechanical properties (compression strength, density, water absorption, brittleness, mass loss and volume change) and thermal properties (thermal stability and storage modulus in DMA methods) of such foams has been analysed. The morphology has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction of the polyurethane nanocomposite foams has been indicated the partial exfoliation of the clay in the polyurethane matrix. The flame retardancy and the thermal stability of all polyurethane modified systems was improved by an addition of flame retardants or nanoclays. Best results, in comparison for pure polyurethane foam, was obtained for polyurethane modified with organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 10A).

Interlayer Adsorption of Macrocyclic Compounds (Crown-Ethers and Cryptands) in 2:1 Phyllosilicates: II. Structural Features

Clay Minerals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Casal ◽  
P. Aranda ◽  
J. Sanz ◽  
E. Ruiz-Hitzky
Keyword(s):  
Crown Ethers ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Macrocyclic Compounds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Guest Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Topotactic Reaction

AbstractIntercalation of macrocyclic compounds (crown-ethers and cryptands) in 2:1 charged phyllosilicates is a topotactic reaction, the lamellar structure of the pristine material being preserved. X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) results provide information on the main structural characteristics of the intercalates. Guest species, which form 1 : 1 or 2 : 1 ligand/cation intracrystalline complexes, lie flat or tilting between the host layers as can be deduced from the increase in the basal space of the silicate and the dichroic effect observed on the CH and NH IR vibration bands of the guest species, after intercalation. The chemical shift observed in 23Na NMR spectra of the solids is associated with the different environment of the cation before and after the intercalation process.

Synthesis and properties of modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite nanocomposite fatliquoring agent

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (24) ◽  
pp. 2573-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lü ◽  
Jian-zhong Ma ◽  
Dang-ge Gao ◽  
Lei Hong ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Market Product ◽  
Better Than

Modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite (MRO/MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using rapeseed oil, ethylene diamine, acrylic acid, and MMT. In order to compare MRO/MMT with MRO and a market product XQ-F3, they were applied in leather fatliquoring process, respectively. Sensory evaluation, physical and mechanical properties, and flame-retardant property of leather treated with different fatliquoring agents were measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that MRO could smoothly enter the interlayer of MMT. The emulsifying property of MRO/MMT was confirmed better than that of MRO. The application results also showed that MRO/MMT has good fatliquoring effect. Meanwhile, it can increase leather strength and improve leather flame-retardant performance.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 8620 Steel Processed by ECAP

2014 ◽  
Vol 1611 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Diana M. Marulanda ◽  
Jair G. Cortés ◽  
Marco A. Pérez ◽  
Gabriel García
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to process by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) a low carbon – triple-alloyed steel containing 0.2% C, 0.5% Cr, 0.6% Ni, 0.2% Mo and 0.8 Mo. The process is performed at room temperature for up to four passes using route Bc with an equivalent strain of ∼0.6 after a single pass. Structure evolution before and after deformation is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical properties are assessed by microhardness and tensile testing. A significant improvement of the mechanical properties is found with increasing number of ECAP passes. Micro-hardness increases from 216 HV for the initial sample to 302 HV after four passes and tensile strength increases to 1200 MPa compared with 430 MPa prior to ECAP. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis show changes in the original ferritic-perlitic structure through ferrite grain refinement and the deformation of perlite. This nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy is used in manufacturing as gear material, and when it is hardened and formed through carburizing or boronizing it can be used to make hard-wearing machine parts. However, the ECAP process has not been used to harden this steel and to change its structure to obtain better mechanical performance.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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