Diamond-Like Carbon Coating—It'S Application for Polymeric Substrates

1991 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Kimock ◽  
Alex J. Hsieh ◽  
Peter G. Dehmer ◽  
Pearl W. Yip
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe report on a recently commercialized Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coating that has been deposited on polycarbonate at near room temperature, via a unique ion beam system. Aspects of high speed impact behavior, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, and thermal stability of the coating are examined. Results of scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that adhesion of the DLC coating is very good; no delamination of the coating was found on ballistically tested specimens. The well-bonded DLC coating did not cause the impact performance of polycarbonate to become brittle. Chemical exposure test results show that the DLC coating is capable of protecting polycarbonate from chemical attack by aggressive organic liquids. These ion beam deposited DLC coatings have considerable potential as protective coatings for optical systems.

Fabrication of Nano- and Micro-Scale UV Imprint Stamp Using Diamond-Like Carbon Coating Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3619-3623
Author(s):  
Eung-Sug Lee ◽  
Jun-Ho Jeong ◽  
Ki-Don Kim ◽  
Young-Suk Sim ◽  
Dae-Geun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Ion Beam Lithography ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) diamond-like carbon (DLC) stamps for ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography were fabricated with two methods: namely, a DLC coating process, followed by focused ion beam lithography; and two-photon polymerization patterning, followed by nanoscale-thick DLC coating. We used focused ion beam lithography to fabricate 70 nm deep lines with a width of 100 nm, as well as 70 nm deep lines with a width of 150 nm, on 100 nm thick DLC layers coated on quartz substrates. We also used two-photon polymerization patterning and a DLC coating process to successfully fabricate 200 nm wide lines, as well as 3-D rings with a diameter of 1.35 μm and a height of 1.97 μm, and a 3-D cone with a bottom diameter of 2.88 μm and a height of 1.97 μm. The wafers were successfully printed on an UV-NIL using the DLC stamps without an anti-adhesive layer. The correlation between the dimensions of the stamp's features and the corresponding imprinted features was excellent.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Impact Analysis of Automotive Bumper Brackets Made of 2D Triaxially Braided CFRP Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Robert Böhm ◽  
Andreas Hornig ◽  
Tony Weber ◽  
Bernd Grüber ◽  
Maik Gude
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Drop Tower ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

The impact behavior of carbon fiber epoxy bumper brackets reinforced with 2D biaxial and 2D triaxial braids was experimentally and numerically analyzed. For this purpose, a phenomenological damage model was modified and implemented as a user material in ABAQUS. It was hypothesized that all input parameters could be determined from a suitable high-speed test program. Therefore, novel impact test device was designed, developed and integrated into a drop tower. Drop tower tests with different impactor masses and impact velocities at different bumper bracket configurations were conducted to compare the numerically predicted deformation and damage behavior with experimental evidence. Good correlations between simulations and tests were found, both for the global structural deformation, including fracture, and local damage entities in the impact zone. It was proven that the developed phenomenological damage models can be fully applied for present-day industrial problems.

scholarly journals Experimental and Analytical Characterization of Drop Impact Behavior for a Mobile Haptic Actuator

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungjoo Choi ◽  
Jiwoon Kwon ◽  
Yongho Jeon ◽  
Moon Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
Impact Reliability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Impact characterization of linear resonant actuator (LRA) is studied experimentally by newly developed drop tester, which can control various experimental uncertainty such as rotational moment, air resistance, secondary impact and so on. The feasibility of this test apparatus was verified by comparison with free fall test. By utilizing a high-speed camera and measuring the vibrational displacement of spring material, the impact behavior was captured and the damping ratio of the system was defined. Based on the above processes, the finite element model was established and the experimental and analytical results were successfully correlated. Finally, the damage of the system from impact loading can be expected by developed model and as a result, this research can improve the impact reliability of LRA.

scholarly journals Metasurface Spiral Focusing Generators with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum Based on Slab Silicon Nitride Waveguide and Vanadium Dioxide (VO2)

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yuan Hao ◽  
Wenyi Liu ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Gaussian Beams ◽  
The Impact

The metasurface spiral focusing (MSF) generator has gained attention in high-speed optical communications due to its spatial orthogonality. However, previous MSF generators only can generate a single orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode for one polarized light. Here, a MSF generator with tunable OAM is proposed and it has the ability to transform linearly polarized light (LPL), circularly polarized light or Gaussian beams into vortex beams which can carry tunable OAM at near-infrared wavelength by controlling the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2). Utilizing this MSF generator, the beams can be focused on several wavelength-sized rings with efficiency as high as 76%, 32% when VO2 are in the insulating phase and in the metallic phase, respectively. Moreover, we reveal the relationship between the reflective focal length and transmissive focal length, and the latter is 2.3 times of the former. We further demonstrate the impact of Gaussian beams with different waist sizes on MSF generators: the increase in waist size produces the enhancement in spiral focusing efficiency and the decrease in size of focal ring. The MSF generator we proposed will be applicable to a variety of integrated compact optical systems, such as optical communication systems and optical trapping systems.

Numerical Modeling of Hydrodynamic Impact and Local Slamming Effects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohtat ◽  
Ravi Challa ◽  
Solomon C. Yim ◽  
Carolyn Q. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Hydrodynamic Impact ◽  
Ale Formulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Numerical simulation and prediction of short duration hydrodynamic impact loading on a generic wedge impacting a water free-surface is investigated. The fluid field is modeled using a finite element (FE) based arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation and the structure is modeled using a standard Lagrangian FE approximation. Validation of the numerical method against experimental test data and closed form analytical solutions shows that the ALE-FE/FE continuum approach captures the impact behavior accurately. A detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the role of air compressibility, deadrise angle, and impact velocity in estimation of maximum impact pressures. The pressure field is found to be insensitive to air compressibility effect for a wide range of impact velocities and deadrise angles. A semi-analytical prediction model is developed for estimation of maximum impact pressures that correlates deadrise angle, impact velocity, and a nonlinear interaction term that couples hydrodynamic effects between these parameters. The numerical method is also used to examine the intrinsic physics of water impact on a high-speed planing hull with the goal of predicting slamming loads and resulting motions.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on the Impact Dynamics of Saturated Granular Flows on Rigid Barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Sanvitale ◽  
Elisabeth Bowman ◽  
Miguel Angel Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Granular Flows ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rigid Barrier ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Debris flows involve the high-speed downslope motion of rocks, soil, and water. Their high flow velocity and high potential for impact loading make them one of the most hazardous types of gravitational mass flows. This study focused on the roles of particle size grading and degree of fluid saturation on impact behavior of fluid-saturated granular flows on a model rigid barrier in a small-scale flume. The use of a transparent debris-flow model and plane laser-induced fluorescence allowed the motion of particles and fluid within the medium to be examined and tracked using image processing. In this study, experiments were conducted on flows consisting of two uniform and one well-graded particle size gradings at three different fluid contents. The evolution of the velocity profiles, impact load, bed normal pressure, and fluid pore pressure for the different flows were measured and analyzed in order to gain a quantitative comparison of their behavior before, during, and after impact.

Mechanical Characterization of Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coated Polycarbonates

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Hsieh ◽  
Paul Huang ◽  
Shankar K. Venkataraman ◽  
David L. Kohlstedt
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
High Speed Impact ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTEvaluations of DLC coated polycarbonates have been carried out via high speed projectile impact, three point bend, and continuous microscratch tests. Radial and circumferential microcracks appeared on the back surfaces and near the regions of impact as a result of the high speed impact stresses. Despite the impact, the adhesion of the DLC coating in the area between the cracks remained, except in the immediate vicinity of impact. In the three point bend tests, transverse cracks developed and propagated in the DLC coating when the applied strain reached the fracture limit of the coating. No delamination occurred in the continuous microscratch tests; instead, cracking of the coating was observed in DLC coated polycarbonates. Microcracking was the dominant mode of failure which was consistent in these three diversed mechanical tests. Results of the SEM studies further confirmed microcracking prior to delamination as observed in the high speed impact tested coupons.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Diamond-Like Carbon Coating Using Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition on Steel Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Saifudin Saifudin ◽  
Wawan Purwanto ◽  
Jerry Chih Tsong Su
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Wear And Corrosion

High Speed Steel (HSS) tool is commonly used in engineering applications, especially as cutters. The shortfall of this materials are wear and corrosion. However, these can be reduced by coating the surface of the material. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coating, quenching heating treatment, and tempering on the physical and mechanical properties of HSS surface. The physical characteristics which will be investigated is the micro structure,  while the mechanical characteristics are hardness, wear and corrosion rate. HSS has variations in their chemical composition (% mass): 0.75–1.5 C,  Co >12, V > 5, 4–4.5 Cr,10–20 W and Mo. Furthermore, DLC coating uses Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) technique with variation in the duration of coating (1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours) at temperature of 300℃, with pressure variations of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 millibar. DLC coating material be treated from methane or ethane gas, which is streamed into the fire with Argon (Ar). The result shows variations in DLC coating and the hardness grade depends on the coating time and pressure variation. DLC coating for a duration of 4 hours under 1.8 mbar pressure can reduce the surface hardness of HSS tool by 62% accompanied by increased ductility.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Impact Resistance for Derailment Containment Provision Using Drop Weight Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
NamHyuk Kim ◽  
YunSuk Kang ◽  
HyunUng Bae ◽  
KyungJu Kim ◽  
NamHyoung Lim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Drop Weight Test ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
The Impact

In Korea, to prepare for unexpected accidents caused by human errors and natural disasters that cannot be completely prevented, a protective wall (a type of side-structure) against derailed trains has been installed on high-speed railway bridges as one of the physical measures to mitigate the associated damage. However, taking the geometric aspects of a domestic railway bridge's super structure into consideration, such a protective wall is not appropriate, and the corresponding protective performance does not provide adequate security. Hence, a protective wall named Derailment Containment Provision (DCP) was newly developed and installed in the track gauge. In this study, to evaluate the impact resistance of the newly developed DCP, a drop weight experiment was conducted, and the impact behavior corresponding to a specific impact energy was analyzed.

Metal-Containing Diamond-Like Carbon Coating as a Smart Sensor

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 2103-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Takagi ◽  
Takanori Takeno ◽  
Hiroyuki Miki
Keyword(s):  
Metal Clusters ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Deposition Condition ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
New Type ◽  
Smart Coating

A new type of smart sensor based on metal-containing diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings is presented. DLC coatings are widely used as protective coatings to improve the surface properties of objective materials; for example, to increase hardness and chemical stability. With the addition of metal clusters into DLC coatings, electrical conduction appears to depend on the microstructure. Such coatings can be used in fabricating resistive sensors. In this paper, we present tungsten-containing DLC (W-DLC) as a possible strain sensor. The strain sensitivity is greatly affected by the deposition condition. We also fabricate a double-layered DLC/W-DLC coating. The double-layered structure is expected to be used as a smart coating having functionality as a sensor with a protective DLC overcoat.

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