Sol-Gel Pzt Films for Optical Waveguides

AbstractSol-gel processing is a candidate ferroelectric thin-film deposition method for electronic and electro-optic applications. At Battelle, sol-gel PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films have been prepared on sapphire and single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates. Films deposited and annealed on sapphire substrates are crystalline with the perovksite structure and minimal crystallographic orientation, whereas films deposited on isostructural and lattice-matched SrTiO3 substrates exhibit a high degree of orientation. Guided-mode refractive index measurements were made using a single-prism method and film indices were computed. Refractive index values measured for PbTiO3 films (n = 2.58) and PZT films (n = 2.50) were slightly lower than values expected on the basis of bulk measurements. In double-prism experiments, optical wavcguiding was achieved over distances up to 10 mm in oriented PZT films on [100] SrTiO3substrates. Optical loss of 19 dB/cm was measured on one of these film samples. Such films, given requisite improvement in optical quality, may be suitable for useful optical waveguide devices. An approach is presented for the integration of ferroelectric waveguides onto silicon and/or GaAs substrates.

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Numerical simulation of the liquid phase in SnO2 thin film deposition by sol-gel-dip-coating

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s10971-010-2263-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dayene M. Carvalho ◽

Jorge L. B. Maciel ◽

Leandro P. Ravaro ◽

Rogério E. Garcia ◽

Valdemir G. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Numerical Simulation ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Sno2 Thin Film

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CORONENE ORGANIC FILMS: OPTICAL AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS UNDER ANNEALING TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x21500815 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150081

Author(s):

ERMAN ERDOGAN

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Film Growth ◽

Low Cost ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Optical Bandgap ◽

Dielectric Constants ◽

Optical Parameters

In this study, spin coating, which is a chemical film layer thin film deposition method, was used for coronene films that were grown on Si substrates annealed at 325, 350 and 375[Formula: see text]K to examine the impacts on the optical properties of films. This method allows for easy control of the deposition parameters such as concentration, temperature and time as well as enables the film growth at low cost. Optical (UV–Vis) spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 200[Formula: see text]nm to 800[Formula: see text]nm were used to extract the bandgap information and to calculate various optical parameters of the spin-coated coronene films. The electronic transitions on the absorption of photons of suitable energy are of indirect allowed type. The corresponding optical bandgap ([Formula: see text]) was determined. Complex dielectric constants, dissipation factor, optical and electrical conductances and refractive index of coronene films were analyzed as a function of temperature. As the film annealing temperature was increased, the dielectric constants and the refractive index values increased, whereas the optical bandgap and electrical and optical conductivity values decreased.

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Sol–gel thin film deposition and characterization of a new optically active compound: Er2Ti2O7

Optical Materials ◽

10.1016/s0925-3467(01)00007-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 463-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M. Langlet ◽

C. Coutier ◽

J. Fick ◽

M. Audier ◽

W. Meffre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Active Compound ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Optically Active ◽

Film Deposition

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Laser Induced Thermoelectric Voltage Effect of LaNiO3/LaAlO3 Multilayer

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.184 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 519 ◽

pp. 184-187

Author(s):

Xuan Ding ◽

Qing Ming Chen ◽

Ji Ma ◽

Mya Theingi ◽

Ying Juan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Single Layer ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Physical Property ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Thermoelectric Voltage

LaNiO3 single layer, LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattice on vicinal-cut single crystalline LaAlO3 (100) and LSAT (100) substrates were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. Single-phased LaNiO3 polycrystal target, which is synthesized by sol-gel method, is employed in the thin film deposition process. The structure and physical properties of both the targets and thin films are analyzed. X-ray diffraction results show LaNiO3 single layer is of c-orientation and textural growth, therefore LaNiO3/LaAlO3 forms not superlattice but multilayer. The ultra-violet LITV (laser induced thermoelectric voltage) effects of the LaNiO3/LaAlO3 mutilayer and LaNiO3 single layer were investigated. A comparison study of the influence of LaNiO3 targets prepared by different sol-gel method on the physical property, and LITV effect of thin films was performed as well.

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Acetone-Sensitive Thin Films Comprising Coal Fly Ash Na-X Zeolites and Sol–Gel Nb2O5 Matrix

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11092399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2399

Author(s):

Katerina Lazarova ◽

Silviya Boycheva ◽

Marina Vasileva ◽

Denitza Zgureva-Filipova ◽

Biliana Georgieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thin Films ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Reflectance Spectra ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Zeolites

In this study, thin composite films of a sol–gel Nb2O5 matrix doped with coal fly ash Na-X zeolites were deposited by the spin-coating method. Fly ash of lignite coal collected from the electrostatic precipitators of one of the biggest TPPs in Bulgaria was used as a raw material for obtaining zeolites. Zeolite Na-X was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted double stage fusion-hydrothermal alkaline conversion of coal fly ash. In order to improve the optical quality and sensing properties of the deposited thin films, synthesized zeolites were wet-milled for 60, 120, and 540 s prior to film deposition. The surface morphology of zeolite powders was studied both by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while their porosity was investigated by N2-physisorption. Refractive index, extinction coefficient, and thickness of the films were determined through fitting of their reflectance spectra. The sensing ability of thin films towards acetone vapors was tested by measuring the reflectance spectra prior to and during exposure to the analyte, and the change in the reflection coefficient ∆R of the films was calculated. The influence of milling time of zeolites on the sensing and optical properties of the films was assumed and confirmed.

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Sol-gel based TiO2 thin film deposition on frustules towards facile and scalable manufacturing

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/773/1/012112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 773 ◽

pp. 012112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Li ◽

J Wang ◽

W Zhang ◽

R McNaughton ◽

S Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Tio2 Thin Film ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition

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Thin Film Deposition By Sol-Gel and CVD Processing of Metal-Organic Precursors

Chemical Physics of Thin Film Deposition Processes for Micro- and Nano-Technologies ◽

10.1007/978-94-010-0353-7_5 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 91-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Mathur

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Precursors

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CaBi4Ti4O15 thin film deposition on electroplated Platinum substrates using a sol-gel method

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1113-f03-27 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

Author(s):

Takeyasu Saito ◽

Yuichiro Hirota ◽

Mariko Ooyanagi ◽

Naoki Okamoto ◽

Kazuo Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Void Formation ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Orientation Control ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method

ABSTRACTCaBi4Ti4O15 growth on different Platinum substrates was carried out through a sol-gel method. Higher crystallization temperature and 20% excess Bi decreased pyrochlore contents in the CaBi4Ti4O15 films. Repetition through coating, calcination and crystallization decreased void formation on the surface. C-axis oriented thin film could be grown on sputtered platinum substrates with low Pt (200) orientation. On electroplated Pt substrates, (119) oriented CaBi4Ti4O15 thin film was grown, suggesting surface roughness of Pt substrates is a crucial factor for orientation control of sol-gel derived CaBi4Ti4O15 thin film.

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3D-structuring of Optical Waveguides with Two Photon Polymerization

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1179-bb01-07 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert Infuehr ◽

Jurgen Stampfl ◽

Stefan Krivec ◽

Robert Liska ◽

Helga Lichtenegger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Optical Waveguides ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Optical Data Storage ◽

Optical Data ◽

Laser Exposure ◽

3D Structures ◽

Two Photon

AbstractTwo photon photopolymerization (2PP) is a new and modern method in solid freeform fabrication. 2PP allows the fabrication of sub-micron structures from a photopolymerizable resin. By the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers it is possible to produce 3D structures with a spatial feature resolution as good as 200 nm. This technique can be used in polymer-based photonic and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), for 3D optical data storage or for the inscription of optical waveguides based on a local refractive index change upon laser exposure. Since the 2PP only takes place inside the focus of the laser beam, complex 3D-structures can be in-scri-bed into a suitable matrix material.In the presented work, 2PP is used to write optical waveguides into a prefabricated mechanically flexible polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The waveguides were structured by selectively irradiating a polymer network, which was swollen by a monomer mixture. The monomer was polymerized by two photon photopolymerization and the uncured monomer was removed by evaporation at elevated temperatures. This treatment led to a local change in refractive index in the order of Δn = 0.02, which was significantly above the industrial requirement of Δn = 0.003. The measured optical losses were around 2.3dB/cm. Since all unreacted monomers were removed by eva-po-ration, the final waveguide was stable up to temperatures of more than 200°C.In a second approach highly porous sol-gel materials (based on tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as precursor and the surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate as structural temp-late) were utilized as matrix materials. The precursor was organically modified with poly(ethylene glycol) spacers in order to increase the toughness and thus facilitate the fabrication of transparent porous monoliths and flexible films. The pores of the sol-gel-derived matrix were filled with acrylate-based monomers of high refractive index and after selective irradiation using 2PP waveguides (Δn = 0.015) could be written into the material.

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