Reaction Sintering of Ceramic Materials by Microwave Heating

Microwave sintering has emerged in recent years as a new, fast, cheap and green technology for sintering a variety of materials. The main advantages of microwave heating can be summarized as follow: reduced processing times, energy costs and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, understanding how this specific heating drives to obtain ceramic materials with a combination of unique, structural and functional properties is the big challenge. The present work shows the different and improved properties achieved with β-eucryptite nanocomposite ceramic materials by microwave heating compared with the conventional method. Microcracking evolution in addition to the microstructure of the sintered materials along the several thermal cycles has been studied. Mechanical properties changes observed can be related to this process. Thus, the microwave technique is a promising tool for sintering new materials by controlling the composition of the phases, chemical reactivity and nanostructure, using up to 70% less energy in the whole sintering process than conventional heating. This technique becomes part of the new and innovative technologies "eco-green".

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Texture in Aluminum Titanate Ceramic Materials

Textures and Microstructures ◽

10.1155/tsm.24.143 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 24 (1-3) ◽

pp. 143-154

Author(s):

C. Schmalzried ◽

J.-W. Kim ◽

H. W. Hennicke

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Material ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Green Compact ◽

Reaction Sintering ◽

Aluminum Titanate ◽

Dry Pressing ◽

Titanate Ceramic

Dry pressing and filtration of a mixture of platelike corundum and rutile powders shows a slight to sharp texture of the corundum particles. The reaction sintering forming aluminum titanate destroys the texture of the green compact. When starting with a rutile texture in the green compact there exists a texture of tielite in the reaction product. Furthermore we developed a process for production of platelike tielite monocrystalline particles which should be very suited for texturing of the ceramic material.

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Microwaves and Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review on Selected Catalytic Processes

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10020246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 246 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vincenzo Palma ◽

Daniela Barba ◽

Marta Cortese ◽

Marco Martino ◽

Simona Renda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Natural Choice ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Catalyzed Reactions

Since the late 1980s, the scientific community has been attracted to microwave energy as an alternative method of heating, due to the advantages that this technology offers over conventional heating technologies. In fact, differently from these, the microwave heating mechanism is a volumetric process in which heat is generated within the material itself, and, consequently, it can be very rapid and selective. In this way, the microwave-susceptible material can absorb the energy embodied in the microwaves. Application of the microwave heating technique to a chemical process can lead to both a reduction in processing time as well as an increase in the production rate, which is obtained by enhancing the chemical reactions and results in energy saving. The synthesis and sintering of materials by means of microwave radiation has been used for more than 20 years, while, future challenges will be, among others, the development of processes that achieve lower greenhouse gas (e.g., CO2) emissions and discover novel energy-saving catalyzed reactions. A natural choice in such efforts would be the combination of catalysis and microwave radiation. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of microwave applications in the heterogeneous catalysis, including the preparation of catalysts, as well as explore some selected microwave assisted catalytic reactions. The review is divided into three principal topics: (i) introduction to microwave chemistry and microwave materials processing; (ii) description of the loss mechanisms and microwave-specific effects in heterogeneous catalysis; and (iii) applications of microwaves in some selected chemical processes, including the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts.

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A comparative study on quality parameters of pumpkin, melon and sunflower oils during thermal treatment

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2019028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhana Petkova ◽

Ginka Antova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Melon Seed ◽

Sunflower Oils ◽

Melon Seed Oil

Current paper reveals the impact of thermal treatment on the quality of two seed oils – pumpkin and melon compared to the quality of the most used oil – sunflower oil. Conventional and microwave heating were used for processing the oils. The duration of the thermal treatment was 9, 12 and 18 min for the conventional heating. The microwave heating was performed with two microwave powers of the equipment (600 W and 900 W) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 min. At every stage of the thermal processing were determined acid and peroxide value, the absorbance of the oils at 232 and 268 nm, tocopherol and fatty acid composition. It was observed that the degree of oxidation of the examined oils during microwave and conventional heating increased with the duration of the thermal process and the power of the microwaves. Also, the two methods of heating had a little impact on the processes leading to the formation of free fatty acids. Total tocopherols of the melon seed oil were more stable to thermal treatment. The amount of linoleic acid decreased in the pumpkin and sunflower oils during microwave treatment, while that of oleic and palmitic acid relatively increased. The biggest change in the fatty acid composition of both oils was found during microwave heating at 900W. The changes in fatty acid composition of thermally treated melon seed oil were insignificant. Overall, melon seed oil was observed to be more thermally stable than pumpkin and sunflower oils.

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Comparative study of conventional and microwave heating of polyacrylonitrile-based fibres

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2020-0167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Guozhen Zhao ◽

Jianhua Liu ◽

Lei Xu ◽

Shenghui Guo

Keyword(s):

Microwave Heating ◽

Surface Defects ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Heating Time ◽

Oxidation Temperature ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Heating Method ◽

Molecular Arrangement

Abstract The effects of the conventional heating method and the microwave heating method on polyacrylonitrile-based fibres in the temperature range of 180–280 °C were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray wide-angle scattering, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and bulk density were used to characterise the properties of the samples. Results show that the microwave heating method can shorten the pre-oxidation time, reduce pre-oxidation temperature and reduce the number of surface defects. The pre-oxidised fibres obtained by the microwave heating method exhibit not only good crystallite size but also a smooth surface. Atomic morphology and molecular arrangement are orderly inside the fibre. The FT-IR spectrum shows that the oxidation reaction occurs at 220 °C, and the CI value of PAN fibers stabilised by microwave heating is the larger than the fibers stabilised by conventional heating. XRD analysis shows that fibers stabilised by microwave heating have low stack domains. The SEM and Raman spectra indicate that hydrogen peroxide can improve the surface finish of the fibers and reduce defects. Microwave heating can reduce the pre-oxidation temperature by about 20 °C and shorten the heating time. The economic benefits of using this method are significantly improved.

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Preparation of WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functionally graded self-lubricating tool material by microwave sintering and its cutting performance

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siwen Tang ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Pengfei Liu ◽

Qiulin Niu ◽

Guoqing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Cutting Performance ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Hard Alloys ◽

Dry Cutting ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

Lubricating Material ◽

Heating Technology

AbstractWith the concern of the environment, green dry cutting technology is getting more and more attention and self-lubricating tool technology plays an important role in dry cutting. Due to the demand for high temperature performance of tools during dry cutting process, cemented carbide with Ni3Al as the binder phase has received extensive attention due to its excellent high temperature strength and high temperature oxidation resistance. In this paper, WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 graded self-lubricating material and tools were prepared by microwave heating method, and its microstructure, mechanical properties and cutting performance were studied. Results show that gradient self-lubricating material can be quickly prepared by microwave heating technology, and the strength is equivalent to that of conventional heating technology. CaF2 not only plays a role in self-lubrication, but also refines the grain of the material. A reasonable gradient design can improve the mechanical properties of the material. When the gradient distribution exponent is n1 = 2, the material has high mechanical properties. Cutting experiments show that the WC-TiC-Ni3Al-CaF2 functional gradient self-lubricating tool has better cutting performance than the homogeneous WC-TiC-Ni3Al hard alloys.

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