Piezoelectric properties of 0-3 ceramic/polar polymer composites

1992 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dias ◽  
D. K. Das-Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Film Form ◽  
Polar Polymer

ABSTRACTFerroelectric ceramics such as PZT, while exhibiting strong piezoelectric effect, have the disadvantages of a high acoustic impedance, difficulty to miniaturize and not being suitable to broad band ultrasonic applications. Polar ferroelectric polymer such as PVDF and its copolymers which can be obtained in thin film form, have low mechanical Q and low acoustical impedance although their piezoelectric coefficients are significantly lower than those of the piezoelectric ceramics. Composites of piezoelectric ceramic powders, such as PZT and Calcium modified Lead Titanate (PT) in a matrix of P(VDF/TrFE) have been fabricated in our laboratory, in order to Investigate whether these materials could have the low acoustic, broad band properties of the polymers whilst retaining the high piezoelectric coefficients of the ceramics. In the present paper the results of a study of the electromechanical coupling factor (kt), the quality factor (Qm) as well as the gh and dh piezoelectric coefficients of these 0-3 composites poled both by corona and by the conventional method are given.

Microstructural effects on dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of calcium-modified lead titanate ceramics

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3194-3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ricote ◽  
C. Alemany ◽  
L. Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Coupling Factors ◽  
Piezoelectric Behavior

This work presents an analysis on the main microstructural parameters that affect the dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of ceramics of calcium-modified lead titanate with Ca/Pb = 26/74. To this aim, ceramics were prepared under different sintering conditions to get a series of materials with different microstructures. Compositional and microstructural characterization was achieved by x-ray diffraction, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. Computerized image analysis was carried out on the micrographs to determine grain and pore size distributions. These distributions were thoroughly analyzed using probability plots. Electromechanical coupling factors and piezoelectric coefficients were measured by the resonance method on thickness poled thin disks and rectangular bars. A similar combined effect of the grain size and the percentage of porosity on the inverse of the permittivity, the coupling factors at room temperature, and the temperature behavior of the electromechanical coupling factor k31 is found.

Fabrication and Electrical Properties of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-BiAlO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Watanabe ◽  
Yuji Hiruma ◽  
Hajime Nagata ◽  
Tadashi Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Piezoelectric Constant ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Depolarization Temperature ◽  
Maximum Field

(1-x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBiAlO3 [BNTA100x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.14)] ceramics were prepared by a conventional ceramic fabrication process. Single-phase perovskite structures were formed when x ≤ 0.08 for BNTA100x. The depolarization temperature, Td, at which piezoelectricity disappears, decreased with increasing x. The piezoelectric constant, d33, increased with increasing x because of the increase in free permittivity accompanied with decreasing Td. d33 and the electromechanical coupling factor, k33, of BNTA6 were 93 pC/N and 0.41, respectively. Normalized strain d33* (= Smax/Emax) at 60 kV/cm at the maximum field-induced strain was 122.2 pm/V for BNTA8. The value of d33* was higher than the calculated value of d33.

scholarly journals Enhanced Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (1−x)PMN-xPT Ceramics Based on a Partial Oxalate Process

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhwan Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Yoon ◽  
Jae-Hoon Ji ◽  
Young-Ho Ko ◽  
Kyung-Ho Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Pyrochlore Phase ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Innovative Methods

The pyrochlore phase in ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials is the main obstacle device application due to its poor electrical properties. Especially, the pyrochlore phase is frequently observed in the perovskite-based metal-oxide materials including piezoelectric and ferroelectric ceramics, which are based on solid-state reaction methods for fabrication. To overcome these problems, advanced innovative methods such as partial oxalate process will be investigated. In this method, crystalized magnesium niobite (MN) and lead titanate (PT) powders will be coated with a certain amount of lead oxalate and, then, the calcination process can be carried out to form the PMN-PT without pyrochlore phase. In this study, (1−x)PMN-xPT ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), with compositions of x = 0.25–0.40, have been prepared employing the partial oxalate method at various temperatures. The crystalline, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of (1−x)PMN-xPT ceramics depending on the sintering temperature were intensively investigated and discussed. By optimizing the sintering temperature and compositions from the PMN-PT ceramics, the maximum value of the piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of 665pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of 77.8%, dielectric constant (εr) of 3230, and remanent polarization (Pr) of 31.67 μC/cm2 were obtained.

scholarly journals Elastic and Dielectric Evaluation of the Piezoelectric Response of Ferroelectrics Using Unpoled Ceramics

Ceramics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ferroelectric Transition Temperature ◽  
Elastic Softening

The evaluation of the piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics generally has a high level of uncertainty, due to incomplete poling, porosity, domain wall clamping and other effects. In addition, the poling process is often difficult and dangerous, due to the risk of breaking or damaging the sample. A method is described for the evaluation of the potential intrinsic piezoelectric response that a ceramic would have after full poling, without poling it. The method relies on the fact that any material undergoes an elastic softening below the ferroelectric transition temperature, whose magnitude can be expressed in terms of the intrinsic piezoelectric and dielectric coefficients of the material. Such a softening is equivalent to an electromechanical coupling factor averaged over all the components, due to the unpoled state of the sample, and can be deduced from a single temperature scan of an elastic modulus of a ceramic sample, spanning the ferroelectric and paraelectric states. The strengths, limits and possible applications of the method are discussed.

scholarly journals Textured ferroelectric ceramics with high electromechanical coupling factors over a broad temperature range

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Jinglei Li ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Mingwen Wang ◽  
Liao Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Refractory Component ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
Coupling Factors ◽  
Growth Approach

AbstractThe figure-of-merits of ferroelectrics for transducer applications are their electromechanical coupling factor and the operable temperature range. Relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals show a much improved electromechanical coupling factor k33 (88~93%) compared to their ceramic counterparts (65~78%) by taking advantage of the strong anisotropy of crystals. However, only a few relaxor-PbTiO3 systems, for example Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, can be grown into single crystals, whose operable temperature range is limited by their rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperatures (Trt: 60~120 °C). Here, we develop a templated grain-growth approach to fabricate <001>-textured Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PSN-PT) ceramics that contain a large amount of the refractory component Sc2O3, which has the ability to increase the Trt of the system. The high k33 of 85~89% and the greatly increased Trt of 160~200 °C are simultaneously achieved in the textured PIN-PSN-PT ceramics. The above merits will make textured PIN-PSN-PT ceramics an alternative to single crystals, benefiting the development of numerous advanced piezoelectric devices.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Novel Piezoceramic Stack-based Smart Aggregate

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Guangtao Lu ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Hao ◽  
Bohai Tan
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Smart Aggregate ◽  
In Series ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers

A novel piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) with piezoceramic wafers in series or parallel connection is developed to increase the efficiency and output performance over the conventional smart aggregate with only one piezoelectric patch. Due to the improvement, PiSSA is suitable for situations where the stress waves easily attenuate. In PiSSA, the piezoelectric wafers are electrically connected in series or parallel, and three types of piezoelectric wafers with different electrode patterns are designed for easy connection. Based on the theory of piezo-elasticity, a simplified one-dimensional model is derived to study the electromechanical, transmitting and sensing performance of PiSSAs with the wafers in series and parallel connection, and the model was verified by experiments. The theoretical results reveal that the first resonance frequency of PiSSAs in series and parallel decreases as the number or thickness of the PZT wafers increases, and the first electromechanical coupling factor increases firstly and then decrease gradually as the number or thickness increases. The results also show that both the first resonance frequency and the first electromechanical coupling factor of PiSSA in series and parallel change no more than 0.87% as the Young’s modulus of the epoxy increases from 0.5 to 1.5 times 3.2 GPa, which is helpful for the fabrication of PiSSAs. In addition, the displacement output of PiSSAs in parallel is about 2.18–22.49 times that in series at 1–50 kHz, while the voltage output of PiSSAs in parallel is much less than that in parallel, which indicates that PiSSA in parallel is much more suitable for working as an actuator to excite stress waves and PiSSA in series is suitable for working as a sensor to detect the waves. All the results demonstrate that the connecting type, number and thickness of the PZT wafers should be carefully selected to increase the efficiency and output of PiSSA actuators and sensors. This study contributes to providing a method to investigate the characteristics and optimize the structural parameters of the proposed PiSSAs.

Piezoelectric Shear Mode Inkjet Actuator

2001 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Brünahl ◽  
Alex M. Grishin ◽  
Sergey I. Khartsev ◽  
Carl Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Ferroelectric Hysteresis ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

AbstractWe report on comprehensive characterization of piezoelectric shear mode inkjet actuators micromachined into bulk Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) ceramics. The paper starts with an overview of different inkjet technologies such as continuous jet and drop-on-demand systems, whereat main attention is turned on piezoelectric systems particularly Xaar-type shear mode inkjet color printheads. They are an example of complex microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and comprise a ferroelectric array of 128 active ink channels (75νm wide and 360νm deep). Detailed information about manufacturing and principles of operation are given. Several techniques to control manufacturing processes and to characterize properties of the piezoelectric material are described: dielectric spectroscopy to measure dielectric permittivity ε and loss tanσ; ferroelectric hysteresis P-E loop tracing to get remnant polarization Pr and coercive field Ec, and a novel pulsed technique to quantify functional properties of the PZT actuator such as acoustic resonant frequencies and electromechanical coupling factor. Stroboscope technique has been employed to find correlation between the degradation of ink-jet performance and heat/high voltage treatment resulting in ferroelectric fatigue.

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