Pedagogical Theories and Strategies in Education for Materials Research: A Hierarchical Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustum Roy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACTThe topic of education optimized for materials research is treated In sequence at four hierarchical levels starting with the most general.Materials Research is the earliest and best developed example within the physical sciences and engineering of an integrative field (discipline?). Yet very little thought and no research (including the relevant cognitive science) has addressed the subject of how best one can educate a cadre of materials researchers. The author will adduce Inductive and anecdotal data to point some fruitful directions in reorganizing the approach to education in integrative knowledge fields.The first important thesis of this paper is that we have failed to analyze correctly the appropriate hierarchical relationships among individual scientific disciplines, engineering departments, and technological research groupings.The second major point is that education for materials research is done is several departments (materials science, physics, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, etc.) and Indeed that some mix of disciplinary roots is desirable for the materials research cadre. Improvements will be proposed in four areas: (1) Optimum content of MSE curriculum, (2) the widespread introduction of MSE minors, (3) under-representation of electronic materials, pol ymers, ceramics.The third aspect deals with the modularization of the content and teaching materials to allow adaptation to local needs in a field like materials research. The international materials community has done rather well by establishing the Materials Education Council and the Journal of Materials Education, for producing and disseminating print media. The status and usage of JME will be described.

Innovative Curriculum on Electronic Materials Processing and Engingeering

2001 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane P. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Solid State Physics

Recognizing that the traditional engineering education training is often inadequate in preparing the students for the challanges presented by this industry's dynamic environment and insufficient to meet the empoyer's criteria in hiring new engineers, a new curriculum on Semiconductor Manufacturing is instituted in the Chemical Engineering Department at UCLA to train the students in various scientific and technologica areas that are pertinenet to the microelectronics industries. This paper describes this new mutidisciplinary curriculum that provides knowledge and skills in semiconductor manufacturing through a series ofcourses that emphasize on the application of fundamenta engineeering disciplines in solid-state physics, materials science of semiconductors, and chemical processing. The curriculum comprises three major components:(1)a comprehensive course curriculum in semiconductor manufacturing; (2) a laboratory for hands-on training in semiconductor device fabrication; (3) design of experiments. The capstone laboratory course is designed to strengthen students’ training in “unit operatins” used in semicounductor manufacturing and allow them to practice engineering principles using the state-of-the-art experimental setup. It comprises the most comprehensive training(seven photolithographic steps and numero0us chemical processes)in fabricating and testing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. This curriculum is recentyaccredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).

1. The status of sociology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Fundamental Limits ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regular Patterns

‘The status of sociology’ asks whether sociology can be scientific. Some forms of sociological research follow the models of the physical sciences, but there are some fundamental limits to such imitation. We need to appreciate the differences between the subject matter of the natural and the human sciences. People think and feel. They act as they do, not because they are bound to follow unvarying rules but because they have beliefs, values, interests, and intentions. For the sociologist there is always a further step to take. Our notion of explanation does not stop at identifying regular patterns in social action.

scholarly journals THE AUTHORITY OF VILLAGE CREDIT UNION AS THE SUBJECT OF LIABILITY RIGHTS

Acta Comitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Wairocana ◽  
Putu Gede Arya Sumerthayasa ◽  
Jeanne Wiryandani Ratmaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Credit Union ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Discovery ◽  
The Village

According to the Bali Provincial Regulation No. 8 concerning Village Credit Union (hereinafter referred to as LPD) Article 2 paragraph (1) states that: LPD is a village-owned financial union conducting business in the village and for the benefit of the villagers. This is confirmed by the presence of the Decision of the Third Big Meeting by Village Assembly (MDP) Bali No. 009 / SK-PA III / MDP Bali /Vffl /2014 Article I paragraph (1), namely, the Village Credit Union is one of the possessions of the village. This type of research used in this thesis is a normative study. Normative study is the one that examines the level of legal norms, finding the non-existence of the LPD status as a legal subject of liability rights, so there is a legal vacuum in which the status of the LPD as the subject of a liability rights is not stipulated in the legislation and these problems will be a legal discovery. LPD is the possession of the village, so LPD cannot be the legal subject of liability right because the village itself has not been the subject of law. So the security liability agreement made by LPD is invalid because it does not qualify his legitimate agreements written in Article 1320 paragraph (4) of Civil Code regarding lawful cause or legal cause.

Up Close: Northwestern University Materials Research Center

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
National Science ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

The Materials Research Center at Northwestern University is an interdisciplinary center that supports theoretical and applied research on experimental advanced materials. Conceived during the post-Sputnik era, it is now in its 26th year.The Center, housed in the university's Technological Institute, was one of the first three centers funded at selected universities by the federal government in 1960. The federal government, through the National Science Foundation, now supplies $2.4 million annually toward the Center's budget, and Northwestern University supplements this amount. Approximately one third of the money is used for a central pool of essential equipment, and the other two thirds is granted to professors for direct support of their research. Large amounts of time on supercomputers are also awarded to the Materials Research Center from the National Science Foundation and other sources.The Center's role enables it to provide partial support for Northwestern University faculty working at the frontiers of materials research and to purchase expensive, sophisticated equipment. All members of the Center are Northwestern University investigators in the departments of materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, or physics. The Materials Research Center is a major agent in fostering cross-departmental research efforts, thereby assuring that materials research at Northwestern University includes carefully chosen groups of faculty in physics, chemistry, and various engineering departments.

The third man: Charles Drummond Ellis, 1895-1980

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Electron Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

The Fellows of the Royal Society have a tradition of writing expositions of their work which rapidly attain the status of classics. Newton’s Principia, Darwin’s Origin of Species , Maxwell’s Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, Rutherford’s Radioactive Transformations , and Dirac’s Quantum Mechanics all served to define a field which their authors had played a major role in establishing, and as a source of knowledge and inspiration for succeeding generations. Rutherford’s book went through two metamorphoses before reaching its final form as Radiations from Radioactive Substances by Rutherford, Chadwick and Ellis (hereafter referred to as RCE). During the early 1930s, it was the principal source for all aspiring nuclear physicists, including Fermi's group in Rome and a whole generation in America. It thus, inadvertently, contributed to the erosion of the overwhelming dominance of the Cavendish Laboratory in the subject. It was often referred to as the ‘Bible’ of nuclear physics, but at least from 1932, ‘Old Testament’ might have been more appropriate. It is firmly based on the proton-electron model of the nucleus and the ‘new mechanics’ makes only a tentative appearance. Nevertheless it is a true masterpiece, clearly and elegantly written, full of incisive summaries and insights, and giving a remarkably faithful and complete picture, from an experimental viewpoint, of nuclear physics as it was around 1930.

scholarly journals Total numbers matter. Landscape of China’s scientific publications in 2018-2020 on the energy issue

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-101
Author(s):  
B.N. Chigarev
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Bibliometric Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Energy Engineering

This study aims to reveal and analyze the landscape of China’s scientific publications in 2018–2020 on the subject “Energy Engineering and Power Technology” using bibliometric data from the Lens platform. Bibliometric data of 26,623 scholarly works that satisfy the query: “Filters: Year Published = (2018–); Publication Type = (journal article); Subject = (Energy Engineering and Power Technology); Institution Country/Region = (China)” were used to analyze their main topics disclosed by Fields of Study and Subject; the leading contributors to these R&D activities were also detected. Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Petroleum, Tsinghua University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China University of Mining and Technology are the leading institutions in the subject. Most research works were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China. China carries out its research not only in conjunction with the leading economies: United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, but also with the developing countries: Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Viet Nam. Materials science, Chemical engineering, Computer science, Chemistry, Catalysis, Environmental science are the top Fields of Study. Analysis of co-occurrence of Fields of Study allowed to identify 5 thematic clusters: 1. Thermal efficiency and environmental science; 2. Materials science for energy storage and hydrogen production; 3. Catalysis and pyrolysis for better fossil fuels; 4. Computer science and control theory for renewable energy; 5. Petroleum engineering for new fossil fuel resources and composite materials. The results of the work can serve as a reference material for scientists, developers and investors, so that they can understand the research landscape of the “Energy Engineering and Power Technology” subject.

Report from the third workshop on future directions of solid-state chemistry: The status of solid-state chemistry and its impact in the physical sciences

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis ◽  
Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier ◽  
Svilen Bobev ◽  
Arnold M. Guloy ◽  
Shiou-Jyh Hwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals The Special Training of Asylum Attendants

1884 ◽  
Vol 29 (128) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell Clark
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Life Work

Seven years ago Dr. Clouston read a paper to this Association “On the Question of Getting, Training, and Retaining the Services of Good Asylum Attendants.” Such a paper could scarcely fail to attract considerable notice and elicit a very hearty discussion, for the subject is one of far-reaching importance to us as asylum physicians, and of very great moment in the interest of the insane. To get the best raw material possible, and to manufacture out of it the best asylum attendant possible, were two great aims suggested by Dr. Clouston, and the subsequent discussion of his paper showed that the Association was fully alive to these, and the serious obstacles which lay in the way of their accomplishment. If the aims here indicated should be more fully realised in the future than in the past, we will probably find that the third desideratum, viz., the keeping of our attendants for a reasonable length of time, will be realised in like proportion as the others. We all willingly admit that the first serious difficulty is how and where to get them. What will attract the best raw material into the asylum market ? or, putting the question in a negative way, what is it that does not attract the best raw material into asylums? These questions will admit of a variety of answers, many having their root in the idea of non-respectability. Undoubtedly the status of an attendant is at present an inferior one in the industrial scale. Some common popular notions are that the rougher and stronger the material the better is the attendant; that it is not a trade for men, and is suited only for the coarser types of women; that it leads to nothing reliable or desirable as a permanent occupation; and that as a life-work it is not sufficiently respectable to satisfy an average ambition. These and other considerations materially affect the supply of good attendants. Seeing, therefore, that in attendants themselves we find the best advertisement, and through them may command the highest success, it is worth considering, whether or not it is possible for us to advertise asylums, in such a way as to attract to them the better raw material which we crave so much after, and which we need so much. If the public mind must be educated to better purpose we must go upon a new tack. We shall require to bring more elevating influences to bear upon our attendants. In raising their social and industrial status we shall raise them in the estimation of the public and themselves, and may reasonably expect a more marketable article by-and-bye. It is surely fair, in the interest of all concerned, that attendants should receive from us the best possible training of which they are capable. There is reason enough for it in this, that as medical helps they will then develope more fully, and their work will become a life-work worthy of the name.

scholarly journals Don’t Choose the Nightingale

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dramatic Music

“I Pini del Gianicolo,” the third movement of Ottorino Respighi’s Pini di Roma (1924), is the first symphonic composition to feature a phonograph record alongside more conventional orchestral instruments, a peculiar innovation debated by both early listeners and more recent scholars. This chapter seeks to capture Respighi’s use of a pre-recorded nightingale within a wide interpretive net, considering the status of orchestration and signification in early twentieth-century instrumental and dramatic music; the medial history of Respighi’s nightingale; as well as other attempts to combine the animal, mechanical, and musical in the months around the work’s premiere. Birdsong—real, represented, and recorded—might prompt further reflection on the peculiar materiality of timbre, whose mysteries, this chapter suggests, could also be considered the subject of Respighi’s work.

scholarly journals La portée constitutionnelle du préambule de l'Acte de l'Amérique du Nord britannique

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-154
Author(s):  
Louis Sormany
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
British North America ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy

At its title indicates, the purpose of this article is to determine what the significance of the preamble of the British North America Act is; that is to say, what influence the preamble of the B.N.A. Act can have in the interpretation of that law. In the first part of this article, Mr. Sormany discusses the fundamental points necessary for the study of the subject, i.e., the formal nature of the preamble of the B.N.A. Act, the analysis of its text, and the interpretation given it by the courts. . . In the second part, he discusses the focal point of his paper — the constitutional importance of the preamble of the B.N.A. Act. More precisely, Mr. Sormany considers that the preamble of the B.N. A. Act can only have an importance that is essentially interpretation in nature. This is derived from the fact that it is no more than the preamble of a law and that, because of that, its significance is limited. Then the analysis of the text of the preamble of the B.N.A. Act makes it possible to determine the exact significance of each of its four paragraphs, and to decide which of these are susceptible of having some significance. For example, in the course of this analysis the author explains that the part of the preamble of the B.N. A. Act which mentions the Constitution of the United Kingdom implies that the Constitution of Canada incorporates the principle of the supremacy of parliamentary law, that is, a fusion of the sovereignty of parliament and of the Rule of Law. Mr. Sormany also explains why, according to him, certain parts of the preamble of the B.N.A. Act, such as the third and fourth paragraphs, are not of constitutional significance. Finally, the author completes this first section with a review of the jurisprudence relative to the preamble of the B.N.A. Act. The purpose of this review is to indicate in which cases and in what fashion the preamble of the B.N.A. Act has been invoked. Therefore, this review is not an analysis of this body of jurisprudence. The analysis of the most important cases appears in section 2. Nevertheless, this review permits one to determine that the preamble of the B.N.A. Act was not invoked only as an affirmation of certain civil liberties (Reference re Alberta Statutes,Saumur, Switzman, Hess, etc. . .) but also, for example, as a reference to the principle of parliamentary supremacy (Persons' Case), and as a recognition of the status and powers of the Lieutenant-governor (In re TheInitiative and Referendum Act). At the start of the second section, Mr. Sormany focuses on the parts of the preamble, which are susceptible of having constitutional significance in the light of his discussions in section 1. According to him, three points emerge from the preamble of the B.N. A. Act, and each of them is the subject of a sub-section. In the first sub-section, the author demonstrates that if one can perceive a reference to the theory of the pact, or to the Quebec and London Resolutions, in the preamble, then in none of its aspects can the preamble have a significance at the juridical level. On the other hand, in the second sub-section, Mr. Sormany concludes that, in spite of its apparent ambiguity, the part of the preamble which refers to the Constitution of the United Kingdom has a very important constitutional significance because it constitutes the only affirmation in the B.N.A. Act of one of its basic principles which is the principle of the supremacy of Parliamentary law. The author analyses why case law has given an entirely different significance to this part of the preamble, finding in it either an affirmation of certain civil liberties, the recognition of the status and of the powers of the Lieutenant-governor, or again, a reference to the principle of Ministerial responsibility and the independence of the courts. Finally, in the third sub-section, Mr. Sormany demonstrates that the preamble of the B.N. A. Act does not possess any constitutional significance in so far as the affirmation of the principle of federalism is concerned. This conclusion is based on the fact that the intent of the B.N.A. Act is sufficiently clear in that question and that the preamble does not add anyting in this respect. This study is thus an exhaustive analysis of the constitutional significance of the preamble of the B.N.A. Act, and it is on this basis that its originality is founded. In effect, although it is a question of a part of the B.N.A. Act which is susceptible of having some influence on constitutional law, and in spite of the declaration of principles which it makes, to date, the preamble of the B.N.A. Act has never itself been the subject of specific analysis.

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