scholarly journals THE AUTHORITY OF VILLAGE CREDIT UNION AS THE SUBJECT OF LIABILITY RIGHTS

Acta Comitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Wairocana ◽  
Putu Gede Arya Sumerthayasa ◽  
Jeanne Wiryandani Ratmaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Credit Union ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Discovery ◽  
The Village

According to the Bali Provincial Regulation No. 8 concerning Village Credit Union (hereinafter referred to as LPD) Article 2 paragraph (1) states that: LPD is a village-owned financial union conducting business in the village and for the benefit of the villagers. This is confirmed by the presence of the Decision of the Third Big Meeting by Village Assembly (MDP) Bali No. 009 / SK-PA III / MDP Bali /Vffl /2014 Article I paragraph (1), namely, the Village Credit Union is one of the possessions of the village. This type of research used in this thesis is a normative study. Normative study is the one that examines the level of legal norms, finding the non-existence of the LPD status as a legal subject of liability rights, so there is a legal vacuum in which the status of the LPD as the subject of a liability rights is not stipulated in the legislation and these problems will be a legal discovery. LPD is the possession of the village, so LPD cannot be the legal subject of liability right because the village itself has not been the subject of law. So the security liability agreement made by LPD is invalid because it does not qualify his legitimate agreements written in Article 1320 paragraph (4) of Civil Code regarding lawful cause or legal cause.

Social epistemology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick F. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Social epistemology is the conceptual and normative study of the relevance to knowledge of social relations, interests and institutions. It is thus to be distinguished from the sociology of knowledge, which is an empirical study of the contingent social conditions or causes of what is commonly taken to be knowledge. Social epistemology revolves around the question of whether knowledge is to be understood individualistically or socially. Epistemology has traditionally ascribed a secondary status to beliefs indebted to social relations – to testimony, expert authority, consensus, common sense and received wisdom. Such beliefs could attain the status of knowledge, if at all, only by being based on first-hand knowledge – that is, knowledge justified by the experience or reason of the individual knower. Since the work of the common sense Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid in the mid-eighteenth century, epistemologists have from time to time taken seriously the idea that beliefs indebted to social relations have a primary and not merely secondary epistemic status. The bulk of work in social epistemology has, however, been done since Thomas Kuhn depicted scientific revolutions as involving social changes in science. Work on the subject since 1980 has been inspired by the ‘strong programme’ in the sociology of science, by feminist epistemology and by the naturalistic epistemology of W.V. Quine. These influences have inspired epistemologists to rethink the role of social relations – especially testimony – in knowledge. The subject that has emerged may be divided into three branches: the place of social factors in the knowledge possessed by individuals; the organization of individuals’ cognitive labour; and the nature of collective knowledge, including common sense, consensus and common, group, communal and impersonal knowledge.

Social Science and Health Policy in Preindustrial Society

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Preindustrial Society ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

In spite of unfortunate legacies from colonial days, social scientists in the health field in the Third World could make an important contribution by examining why “rational solutions” are not applied to the multitude of problems that exist. This would require an historical analysis of the status and roles of health personnel, and a recognition of the contradictions between the interests of the metropolitan countries and the urban elites of the Third World, on the one hand, and the rural masses on the other. The principles guiding the health services of the People's Republic of China have led to very different and apparently more appropriate services, but it seems unlikely that these will be applied elsewhere under present circumstances.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PETANI TENTANG PERUBAHAN IKLIM DENGAN ADAPTASI BUDIDAYA STROBERI DI DESA PANCASARI, KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kadek Ryan Surya Negara ◽  
Made Antara ◽  
I Nyoman Dhana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Village

This research aims to (1) describe the strawberry farmers ‘knowledge about climate change in the village Pancasari, (2) Describe the farmer adaptation to climate change relating to the cultivation of strawberries in the village Pancasari and (3) to analyze the correlation between farmers’ knowledge about climate change and adaptation to the cultivation of strawberries in Pancasari village. This study was designed as a descriptive study, with the ecological approach. The object of research is the effect of the level of farmers’ knowledge about climate change and adaptation to the cultivation of strawberries, while the subject of the strawberry farmers in the village Pancasari. Then the data is collected using observation method, the method of recording documents and interviews, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis for the formulation of the problem first and second as well as quantitative descriptive formulation of the problem for the third. The results showed (1) Knowledge strawberry farmers about climate change in high categorized Pancasari village with a score of 3.81, (2) Adaptation of farmers to climate change related to the cultivation of strawberries in the village Pancasari categorized either with a score of 4.62 and (3) There is a positive relationship level of farmers’ knowledge about adaptation to climate change to the cultivation of strawberries in the village Pancasari with r = 0.97.

REFUGEES AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (265) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Review
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Third World ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

The protection of refugees and displaced persons is guaranteed by many universal and regional instruments of international law. The rules are there, but for several years the humanitarian organizations charged with implementing them have constantly had to face new situations brought about by the scale and frequency of mass population movements, especially in the Third World, and new types of violence which affect both the status and the possibilities for protection of the people concerned. Very often, the solutions arrived at by these bodies have taken the form of assistance rather than protection, the one not always easily distinguishable from the other.

scholarly journals Syn i ojciec w „Bojaźni i drżeniu” Sørena Kierkegaarda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Marta Szabat
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fear And Trembling ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The One

This article concerns events of the Old Testament – Yahweh commands Abraham to sacrifice his only son – Isaac – on Mount Moriah. This passage from the Old Testament, from the Book of Genesis, became the basis of Søren Kierkegaard’s considerations in Fear and Trembling. In the text I refer to, on the one hand, Kierkegaard’s considerations, while on the other hand I try to identify other possible interpretive tropes that could be useful, for example, during classes on the subject of faith or the status of ethical dilemmas in the modern world.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Village Mediation Institution as a Mechanism for Dispute Resolution: The Case of Wukirsari Village in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Yuli Isdiyanto ◽  
Anom Wahyu Asmorojati
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village ◽  
Prescriptive Analysis ◽  
Special Region

This research discusses an important issue in the rural administration, that is the urgency of institution transformation of the status and position of the Village Head in dispute resolution among villagers. The purpose of this research is to highlight the urgency of institutionalization of dispute resolution through the Village Mediation Institution. The first concern is to find the status and legal basis of the Institution; the second is to describe the urgency of establishing this institution as a dispute resolution mechanism among villagers; and the third is to build the model or system that matches with the condition in Wukirsari. The research method used was a normative-empirical-concept and the data were analyzed qualitatively to be presented as a descriptive-prescriptive analysis. The result of this research shows that there is an urgency for Wukirsari Village government to form a Village Mediation Institution due to socio-geographic considerations and also as an implementation of Article 26 paragraph (4) letter K of Village Law No. 6 of 2014. The Village Mediation Institution in Wukirsari Village should consist of a balance composition between the elements of Village Government and professionals so that it will become an effective and efficient institution in resolving disputes among the members of Wukirsari Village society.

scholarly journals СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ИЗДАНИЙ РОМАННОГО ТВОРЧЕСТВА МИР ДЖАЛАЛА

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7(35)) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Гусейнова Айтен Казанфар кызы
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Open Book ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New City ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Era

In the article, the author of advanced ideas, explores published copies of novelist Mir Jalal's novels "The Resurrection Man (1936)", "The Open Book (1945)", "People of the Same Age,1948", "The New City (1951)", "Where are we going” (1957) comparative analysis. The repeated publication of the novels of the Soviet in the Soviet era or in the modern era, always proves the relevance of the talented creator. Two of the five novels of Mir Jalal, the one we talked about, have been the subject of past and the third one.

The third man: Charles Drummond Ellis, 1895-1980

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Electron Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

The Fellows of the Royal Society have a tradition of writing expositions of their work which rapidly attain the status of classics. Newton’s Principia, Darwin’s Origin of Species , Maxwell’s Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, Rutherford’s Radioactive Transformations , and Dirac’s Quantum Mechanics all served to define a field which their authors had played a major role in establishing, and as a source of knowledge and inspiration for succeeding generations. Rutherford’s book went through two metamorphoses before reaching its final form as Radiations from Radioactive Substances by Rutherford, Chadwick and Ellis (hereafter referred to as RCE). During the early 1930s, it was the principal source for all aspiring nuclear physicists, including Fermi's group in Rome and a whole generation in America. It thus, inadvertently, contributed to the erosion of the overwhelming dominance of the Cavendish Laboratory in the subject. It was often referred to as the ‘Bible’ of nuclear physics, but at least from 1932, ‘Old Testament’ might have been more appropriate. It is firmly based on the proton-electron model of the nucleus and the ‘new mechanics’ makes only a tentative appearance. Nevertheless it is a true masterpiece, clearly and elegantly written, full of incisive summaries and insights, and giving a remarkably faithful and complete picture, from an experimental viewpoint, of nuclear physics as it was around 1930.

The function and evasion of marriage fines on a fourteenth-century English manor

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Financial Disincentives ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Since Vinogradoff described merchet payments as ‘the most odious’ of the numerous manorial exactions for which villein tenants were liable, the fine for marriage, classically defined as a levy due from the villein upon the marriage of his daughter, has received a good deal of attention from historians. Although the issue of marriage licences has accordingly been tackled from various perspectives, in recent years the subject at the heart of a number of contributions to the topic was the question of seigneurial control. In tackling this matter, one has to ask what kind of control a manorial lord could or would want to exercise over the matters of matrimony of his social inferiors.An important contribution to the debate was provided in 1979 by Eleanor Searle. A key element in her argument was that marriage licences essentially constituted a tax on the chattels taken as dowry by the bride into her marriage, and as such were not universally enforced. Further, in her view merchet did not so much constitute a test of the status of the individual as one of tenure. At the same time she argued that merchets could be used by the lord to vet prospective marriage partners and thus control the transfers of tenant property lest the latter should slip into freehold tenure. By imposing financial disincentives, merchets, it was argued, also encouraged endogenous marriages. Richard Smith, while arguing that the rates of licences to marry were unlikely to reflect a proportional tax on dowries, nevertheless showed that merchets were not universally exacted and tended to fall predominantly upon richer tenants. Thus he took issue with R. Faith, who in a rejoinder to Searle's contribution suggested that the marriage licence constituted a tax on the marriage itself and was as such universally exacted.In order to consider these problems and test some of the propositions that have been made, this study aims to examine the practice of seigneurial exaction and hence the function of marriage licences, on the one hand, and the relevance and nature of tenant evasion of merchet payments on the other, on one manor from 1330 to 1377. Changes in seigneurial policy towards merchet payments will be analysed and placed in the wider context of the demographic and socio-economic changes affecting manorial life in this period. Within this framework three intertwined aspects of the licence to marry will be examined. First, focusing on the question of which tenants were liable to pay merchets and what constituted the criteria for this liability, the theory and practice of merchet exaction will be considered. Secondly the reasons for the lord's interest in the marriages of his tenants in conjunction with the routes open to him to influence villein marriages to his advantage will be explored. Thirdly the extent and consequences of tenant evasion of merchet fines will be assessed, whilst the clash between lord and tenant over marriage fines will be viewed in the wider context of lord–tenant friction, especially in the post-Black Death period. Central to this discussion, the role and importance of women in this particular act of non-compliance will be examined.

SUBJECTS EXECUTING CUSTODIAL SENTENCES: CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS, CLASSIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ренат Зинурович Усеев
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Article ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Coercion

В последние десятилетия окончательно определена правовая основа служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы и исправительных учреждений. Сотрудники исправительных учреждений помимо субъекта несения службы являются важным субъектом, на которого государством возложены полномочия по приведению в исполнение меры государственного принуждения - наказания (самостоятельно или в составе учреждения, органа). Субъекты, исполняющие наказания в виде лишения свободы, обладают определенными признаками. К ним относятся: внешняя обособленность, персонификация, способность вырабатывать, выражать и осуществлять персонифицированную волю, приобретение свойства субъекта права в силу юридических норм. Рассматриваемых субъектов следует классифицировать на три группы: 1) исправительные учреждения (территориальный орган ФСИН России); 2) коллективные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (администрация, персонал (работники) исправительных учреждений); 3) персональные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (начальник исправительного учреждения, сотрудник исправительного учреждения). Цель работы - показать роль и значение субъектов, исполняющих наказания в виде лишения свободы, определить их ключевые черты и установить виды (персональные, коллективные либо имеющие статус юридического лица). Методами исследования в научной статье явились универсальные методы (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, аналогия и классификация); теоретические методы (абстрагирование, гипотетико-дедуктивный метод) и др. Выводы и результаты работы определяются достижением ее целей. In recent decades, the legal basis for the official activities of employees of the penitentiary system and correctional institutions has been finally determined. Employees of correctional institutions, in addition to the subject of service, are an important subject to whom the State has the authority to enforce a measure of state coercion - punishment (independently or as part of an institution, body). Subjects who execute sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty have certain characteristics. These include: external isolation, personification, the ability to develop, express and exercise a personalized will, the acquisition of the property of the subject of law by virtue of legal norms. The subjects under consideration should be classified into three groups: 1) correctional institutions (territorial body of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia); 2) collective subjects executing punishments (administration, staff (employees) of correctional institutions); 3) personal subjects executing punishments (the head of a correctional institution, a correctional institution employee). The purpose of the work is to show the role and significance of the subjects executing sentences in the form of imprisonment, to identify their key features and to establish types (personal, collective or having the status of a legal entity). The research methods in the scientific article were universal methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and classification); theoretical methods (abstraction, hypothetical and deductive method), etc. The conclusions and results of the work are determined by the achievement of its goals.

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