In Situ Characterization of Surface Evolution on Titanium in Hydrogen Peroxide Containing Solutions

2005 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie J. Muyco ◽  
Jeremy J. Gray ◽  
Timothy V. Ratto ◽  
Christine A. Orme ◽  
Joanna McKittrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Evolution

AbstractTitanium implants have been used for decades with success in various applications. The characteristics of titanium that allows acceptance in the body are not well defined. It is known that hydrogen peroxide is a chemical species produced during the inflammatory response following implantation. When titanium is exposed to hydrogen peroxide, a Ti-peroxy gel (TiOOH) is formed. Three possible functions of Ti-peroxy gel are: reduction of the inflammatory response through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species; creation of a favorable surface for calcium phosphate nucleation; and as a transitional layer between the soft tissue and the stiff titanium. These studies utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and optical transparency in situ to define kinetic and mechanical properties of Ti-peroxy gel as it forms on titanium during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Peaks attributed to Ti-peroxy gel were seen to emerge over the course of several hours using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Force-distance curves suggest a layer that thickens with time on the titanium sample surface.

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Cu CMP: In-situ Detection of Chemical Species in the Slurry

2006 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddartha Kondoju ◽  
Pierre Lucas ◽  
Srini Raghavan ◽  
Paul Fischer ◽  
Mansour Moinpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Cu Cmp

AbstractSlurries used for copper CMP have a rich chemistry, which may change during the course of polishing due to consumption and decomposition of molecular species. Various aspects, such as small layer thickness (<50 μm), continuous flow of the slurry, and dynamics of the film removal process pose great challenge to the monitoring of slurry components between the pad and the wafer. The slurry constituents such as oxidants and corrosion inhibitors have unique signatures that can be detected using spectroscopic techniques. In this paper, work carried out to explore the use of Raman spectroscopy to detect and quantitate chemical species such as hydroxylamine, benzotriazole and hydrogen peroxide in-situ will be presented. More detailed study pertaining to the protonation of hydroxylamine with respect to the pH will also be presented. An abrasion cell integrated with a Raman spectrometer was used to make the measurements.

Feasibility Study of Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool to Investigate the Liquid-Phase Chemistry of Aliphatic Organic Peroxides

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jacob ◽  
Bernhard Wehling ◽  
Wieland Hill ◽  
Dieter Klockow
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
Kinetics Of

The described investigations are focused on peroxides occurring as products in atmospheric chemical processes, namely, hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, hydroxymethylhydroperoxide, bis-(hydroxymethyl)peroxide, 1-hydroxyethylhydroperoxide, bis-(hydroxyethyl)peroxide, and hydroxymethylmethylperoxide. The compounds are identified and determined through the position and intensity of their characteristic O–O stretching bands in the range between 767 and 878 cm−1. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of peroxide solutions permits the in situ investigation of pathways and kinetics of reactions between peroxides and aldehydes.

Application of In Situ Raman Spectroscopy To Facilitate Use of Hydrogen Peroxide on Kilogram Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1807-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Cohen ◽  
Andrew Cosbie ◽  
Robert R. Milburn ◽  
Stephen Shaw ◽  
Yong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Raman

Determination of Chemical Species in MDEA – Carbon Dioxide – Water System by Raman Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humbul Suleman ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Shahid ◽  
Abdulhalim Shah Maulud ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Mohammad Azmi Bustam Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Water System ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Alkanolamines based carbon dioxide absorption from flue gases remains the most industrially implemented technique. The effective design of absorbers and associated equipment requires robust thermodynamic and kinetic models thus, instigating research efforts in chemical speciation and characterization of CO2loaded alkanolamine solutions. In this study, the potential of Raman spectroscopy has been investigated to determine the in situ chemical speciation in MDEA – CO2– Water system. The Raman spectra have been fitted to thermodynamic values using principal component regression. Results are in good agreement for carbonate, bicarbonate, MDEA and protonated MDEA chemical species.

Titanium-hydrogen peroxide interaction: model studies of the influence of the inflammatory response on titanium implants

Biomaterials ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Tengvall ◽  
Ingemar Lundström ◽  
Lars Sjöqvist ◽  
Hans Elwing ◽  
Lars Magnus Bjursten
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Model Studies

Orientation of Carotenoid Molecules in the Eyespot of Alga: In Situ Polarized Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Kubo ◽  
Teruki Ikeda ◽  
Shi-Yuan Yang ◽  
Masamichi Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Raman Intensity ◽  
Raman Mapping ◽  
Mapping System

Raman spectra of single cells of Euglena and Chlamydomonas have been examined with 514.5 nm excitation at various points within the cells. At every point, two strong bands, which are assignable to carotenoid, appeared at 1530 and 1159 cm−1. By the use of a Raman mapping system, the Raman intensity at 1530 cm−1 has been plotted against the (x,y) coordinate representing a location within the cell. It has been shown that, for both algae examined, the eyespot has a prominently high carotenoid content, and a small amount of carotenoid is uniformly distributed among the chloroplast. The spatial resolution of the mapping system has been shown to be higher than 1 μm, and the Chlamydomonas eyespot has an elongated shape of 1 μm × 2 μm. By use of a polarizer, the carotenoid chains in the Chlamydomonas eyespot have been found to be aligned along its long axis, which is parallel to the body axis.

Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Gaikwad ◽  
Abasaheb B. Patil ◽  
Madhuri V. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Scaffolds are used for drug delivery in tissue engineering as this system is a highly porous structure to allow tissue growth.  Although several tissues in the body can regenerate, other tissue such as heart muscles and nerves lack regeneration in adults. However, these can be regenerated by supplying the cells generated using tissue engineering from outside. For instance, in many heart diseases, there is need for heart valve transplantation and unfortunately, within 10 years of initial valve replacement, 50–60% of patients will experience prosthesis associated problems requiring reoperation. This could be avoided by transplantation of heart muscle cells that can regenerate. Delivery of these cells to the respective tissues is not an easy task and this could be done with the help of scaffolds. In situ gel forming scaffolds can also be used for the bone and cartilage regeneration. They can be injected anywhere and can take the shape of a tissue defect, avoiding the need for patient specific scaffold prefabrication and they also have other advantages. Scaffolds are prepared by biodegradable material that result in minimal immune and inflammatory response. Some of the very important issues regarding scaffolds as drug delivery systems is reviewed in this article.

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