The Roma in Post-Communist Bulgaria: Growing Social Marginalization and State Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yorgos Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor

This article analyzes the growing impoverishment and marginalization of the Roma in Bulgarian society and the evolution of Bulgaria’s post-1989 policies towards the Roma. It examines the results of the policies so far and the reasons behind the “poor performance” of the policies implemented. It is believed that Post-communist Bulgaria has successfully re-integrated the ethnic Turkish minority given both the assimilation campaign carried out against it in the 1980s and the tragic events that took place in ex-Yugoslavia in the 1990s. This Bulgaria’s successful “ethnic model”, however, has failed to include the Roma. The “Roma issue” has emerged as one of the most serious and intractable ones facing Bulgaria since 1990. A growing part of its population has been living in circumstances of poverty and marginalization that seem only to deteriorate as years go by. State policies that have been introduced since 1999 have failed at large to produce tangible results and to reverse the socio-economic marginalization of the Roma: discrimination, poverty, and social exclusion continue to be the norm. NGOs point out to the fact that many of the measures that have been announced have not been properly implemented, and that legislation existing to tackle discrimination, hate crime, and hate speech is not implemented. Bulgaria’s political parties are averse in dealing with the Roma issue. Policies addressing the socio-economic problems of the Roma, including hate speech and crime, do not enjoy popular support and are seen as politically damaging.

Comparative Study Of Islamic Economic Law And The Capitalist

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tesa Mellina ◽  
Mohammad Ghozali
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Economic Injustice ◽  
Islamic Values

The implementation ofthe capitalist system has eliminated the Islamic values in economic practice. After the financial crisis hit the world, the capitalist system reaped many questions and its greatnessbegins to be doubted. The capitalist system implementationprecisely creates new problems in the economy. The concept of individualism which is the main key in capitalist practice only creates economic injustice and misery of the poor. The only economic theory that is expected as a light in dealing with economic problems is an economic system that is able to create justice,the welfare of all parties and blessings both the world and the hereafter. The theory is the Islamic economics which in practice is inseparable from Islamiceconomic law. Islamic economic law that underlies the Islamic economic system is totally different from the capitalist economic system.Keywords: Islamic Economic Law; Islamic economics; Capitalist Economy

Biomass Characterization in a Nitrification-Denitrification Biological Enhanced Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) Plant during Start-Up and Subsequent Periods of Good and Poor Phosphorus Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Lindrea ◽  
S. P. Pigdon ◽  
B. Boyd ◽  
G. A. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Biomass Characterization

During commissioning and process stabilization of a NDBEPR plant at Bendigo intracellular distribution and movement of phosphorus, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was followed to establish the nature of biomass development. The system was also monitored at the end of a period of breakdown of the BEPR process and during its return to phosphorus removal. Phosphorus (P) and Mg2+ distribution in the biomass were closely related during all phases of plant operation, and laboratory trials indicated that the poor performance of the full-scale plant was associated with seasonal reduction in influent Mg2+. Laboratory scale trials produced a similar effect when the influent Mg2+ was limited to concentrations much lower than those experienced in the full scale plant, but only after the Mg2+ and P reserves in the biomass were depleted. The distribution of P, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the biomass from the full scale plant was similar to that seen in the laboratory trials when cations in the feed were severely limited and recovery of the full scale plant also closely matched that of the laboratory scale system.

Trail Making Test Performance in Relation to Certain Experimenter, Test and Subject Variables

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Harriet I. Maslow ◽  
Freda Morris ◽  
J. Peter Denny
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Order Of Administration

The Trail Making Test, previously reported highly effective in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged Ss, was administered to 21 brain-damaged Ss and 63 non-brain-damaged Ss. Since the latter Ss performed at a level indistinguishable from that of the brain-damaged Ss, several studies were designed in an attempt to “explain” the poor performance of the non-brain-damaged Ss. The possible effects of behavioral agitation, anxiety, examiner differences, facility with letters of the alphabet, order of administration, and ego-involvement were investigated. Only anxiety was found to be significantly related to performance. However, in other analyses age, education, vocabulary, and degree of psychiatric disturbance were significantly related to performance. Until these variables are considered in the scoring system, it seems unlikely that the TMT will be effective as a general screening test for brain-damage.

scholarly journals Structural transformation and productivity in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Fonseca da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Modern Services

AbstractThis article examines the effects of sectorial shifts and structural transformation on the recent productivity path of Latin America. We use a four-sector (agriculture, industry, modern services and traditional services) general equilibrium model calibrated to the main economies in the region. The model very closely replicates labor reallocations across sectors and the growth of aggregate labor productivity from 1950 to 2005. Structural transformation explains a sizeable portion of the region’s convergence in the first decades. In most cases, the poor performance of the traditional services sector is the main cause of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in the region after the mid-1970s and is a key factor in explaining the divergence during this period.

scholarly journals Fused CLEAN deconvolution for compact and diffuse emission

2018 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. A117 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffuse Emission ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Convolution Operation ◽  
Computational Load ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Computationally Expensive ◽  
Clean Algorithm

Context. CLEAN algorithms are excellent deconvolution solvers that remove the sidelobes of the dirty beam to clean the dirty image. From the point of view of the scale, there are two types: scale-insensitive CLEAN algorithms, and scale-sensitive CLEAN algorithms. Scale-insensitive CLEAN algorithms perform excellently well for compact emission and perform poorly for diffuse emission, while scale-sensitive CLEAN algorithms are good for both point-like emission and diffuse emission but are often computationally expensive. However, observed images often contain both compact and diffuse emission. An algorithm that can simultaneously process compact and diffuse emission well is therefore required. Aims. We propose a new deconvolution algorithm by combining a scale-insensitive CLEAN algorithm and a scale-sensitive CLEAN algorithm. The new algorithm combines the advantages of scale-insensitive algorithms for compact emission and scale-sensitive algorithms for diffuse emission. At the same time, it avoids the poor performance of scale-insensitive algorithms for diffuse emission and the great computational load of scale-sensitive algorithms for compact emission in residuals. Methods. We propose a fuse mechanism to combine two algorithms: the Asp-Clean2016 algorithm, which solves the computationally expensive problem of convolution operation in the fitting procedure, and the classical Högbom CLEAN (Hg-Clean) algorithm, which is faster and works equally well for compact emission. It is called fused CLEAN (fused-Clean) in this paper. Results. We apply the fused-Clean algorithm to simulated EVLA data and compare it to widely used algorithms: the Hg-Clean algorithm, the multi-scale CLEAN (Ms-Clean), and the Asp-Clean2016 algorithm. The results show that it performs better and is computationally effective.

scholarly journals Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ifeakachukwu Nwosa ◽  
Fasina Oluwadamilola Tosin ◽  
Ogbuagu Matthew Ikechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Munandzirul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Order ◽  
New Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Democracy provides a place for us to learn to live with the enemy because only democracy allows tension and paradox, which comes from freedom, to occur in society. In contrast to the New Order era, we can now enjoy freedom of opinion and association. This freedom can in turn produce tension. The relationship between elements of society with one another, or the relationship between the state and elements of society, can be tense because of differences in interests in regulating social and political order. Meanwhile, Indonesian society witnessed the paradox which also originated from freedom. This, for example, is shown by the emergence of intolerant groups such as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Even organizations such as HTI are of the view that democracy is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam in terms of sovereignty in the hands of the people, what should determine that is the preogrative right of Allah SWT. The government in the view of HTI only implements sharia and determines administrative technical issues.

scholarly journals Determinants In The Choice Of Comprehensible Input Strategies In Science Classes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Crisanta Comia Buri
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Comprehensible Input ◽  
Filipino Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Science Classes ◽  
Bilingual Education Policy

The Bilingual Education Policy, which was launched in 1974 and revised in 1987, has resulted in the limited exposure of Filipino learners to the English language. This is because the policy reversed previous policies and stipulates that in only two content area subjects, namely, Science and Mathematics is English to be used as medium of instruction. The limited exposure to English has been cited as one of the reasons for the declining proficiency in English of Filipino students since the promulgation of the policy (Gonzales, 1986). On the other hand, the use of English as medium of instruction in cognitively demanding subjects such as science and mathematics has also been given as the reason for the poor showing of students and even teachers themselves in nationwide tests in Science (Maminta, 1985). The overall downtrend in student achievement as evidenced by the poor performance on all of the tests has given rise to two issues concerning the policy. First, is the language for initial literacy and the second is the medium of instruction in science and mathematics. These language issues are crucial in as much as language is the primary vehicle of expression and thought exchange in the classroom. Teaching and learning are in fact language tasks carried out largely by means of verbal interaction between teacher and students (Bellack, et al 1966). The exchange of ideas between students and teachers is largely done through language as they talk about concepts in science, mathematics and other content areas.

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