scholarly journals Kelimpahan Bakteri Vibrio sp. Pada Air Pembesaran Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Sebagai Deteksi Dini Serangan Penyakit Vibriosis [The Abundance Of Vibrio sp. Bacteria On Enlargement Water Of Litopenaeus vannamei As The Early Detection Of Vibriosis]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Adnan Kharisma, Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Monitoring Activity

Abstract The abundance of bacteria is an activity that aims to determine the distribution and the abundance of bacteria in a water area, so an effort to control and prevent against these bacteria can be made to avoid it’s wide spread. The function of this monitoring activities is for an early detection of animal health conditions that is the white leg shrimp due to bacterial attack. Given the importance of health level in the cultivation of white leg shrimp, then the monitoring activity in bacterial abundance should be done because the number of bacteria found in aquatic environments shouldn’t exceed the minimum threshold number of bacteria that is 104 CFU/ml. The purpose of this study case is to know the abundance of Vibrio sp. on white leg shrimp water augmentation. Because the Vibrio sp. bacteria is known as the opportunistic pathogen of white leg shrimp, which can cause disease if the environmental conditions are bad. Working methods used is descriptive method of data collection techniques include primary and secondary data. The stage of the monitoring activity include: (1) Preparation phase which includes the preparation of equipment and materials and sterilization equipment and media. (2) Phase of making trisalt solvent and bacterial culture media. (3) Phase of retrieval and delivery the water samples. (4) Phase planting the water samples. (5) Phase counting the bacteria. (6) Interpretation the results of the calculation. Based on the results of monitoring the abundance of bacteria in white leg shrimp water augmentation activity, the conclusion is the abundance of Vibrio sp. on white leg shrimp water augmentation has exceeds the minimum threshold number of bacteria that is 104 CFU/ml, so the white leg shrimp culture is susceptible againts these Vibriosis disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Sucrose as Carbon Source and Probiotic Administrations on Bacterial Population Dinamic and Water Quality in White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
. Sukenda ◽  
P. Hadi ◽  
E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Commercial Diet

<p>Disinfection and nutrient enrichment prior stocking of  post larvae in the pond will be affected on the growth and composition of microbe.  Attention should be taken to some factors related to deterministic and stochastic factors of aquaculture environment  in order to develop microbe community.  This study was performed to determine effect of sucrose and probiotic supplementation to shrimp culture pond on water quality profile and population dynamic on shrimp culture media.  The treatments were supplementation of sucrose as carbon source, probiotic, and sucrose + probiotic into 25 L culture medium containing white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>.  Shrimp were fed commercial diet containing 30% protein by 5% body weight every day.  The result of study showed that bacterial population was increased by increasing time of shrimp rearing.  Increased of bacterial population was contrary to DO value.   Bacteria grew was heterotrop and vibrio that its intensity varied during experiment.  Supplementation of sucrose supported proliferation of bacteria including heterotrop, probiotik and vibrio groups.  Specifically, interaction between probiotic bacteria and vibrio was also found.  The presence of probiotic bacteria showed a negative impact on vibrio population.  Further, development of bacteria in general was also implicated to fluctuation of ammonia concentration in pond.</p> <p>Keywords: carbon, sucrose, probiotic, white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Kegiatan disinfeksi dan pengkayaan nutrien sebelum penebaran PL akan mempengaruhi pola pertumbuhan dan komposisi mikroba di tambak. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan komunitas mikroba adalah faktor-faktor <em>deterministic</em> dan <em>sthocastic</em> masing-masing lingkungan budidaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan berkarbon (sukrosa) dan probiotik di tambak terhadap profil kualitas air serta dinamika populasi pada perairan budidaya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan sumber karbon (sukrosa), penambahan probiotik dan penambahan sukrosa + probiotik pada masing-masing wadah yang berisi 25 liter air dan udang Vanamei, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pellet komersial dengan kadar protein 30% setiap hari sebanyak 5% dari biomassa awal. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa populasi bakteri pada media budidaya meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu pemeliharaan. Peningkatan jumlah populasi bakteri ini diikuti oleh semakin menurunnya nilai DO secara umum. Selain bakteri heterohof, tumbuh juga bakteri golongan <em>Vibrio</em> dengan persentase kemunculan yang berbeda pada setiap perlakuan. Penambahan sukrosa dalam media budidaya mendukung proliferasi bakteri secara umum, heterotrof, probiotik dan golongan <em>Vibrio</em>. Secara spesifik, timbul juga interaksi antara bakteri probiotik dengan bakteri <em>Vibrio</em>. Tumbuhnya bakteri probiotik berimplikasi negatif terhadap populasi <em>V</em><em>i</em><em>brio</em>. Selain itu pertumbuhan bakteri secara umum juga berimplikasi terhadap fluktuasi kadar amonia perairan.</p> <p>Kata kunci : karbon, sukrosa, probiotik, udang vaname, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></p>

scholarly journals Effects of Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 on Water Quality and Microbial Structures in Shrimp Mariculture Ecosystems

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Liang Cui ◽  
Bitong Zhu ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Zhuhua Chan ◽  
Chungui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Shrimp Culture

The elevated NH3-N and NO2-N pollution problems in mariculture have raised concerns because they pose threats to animal health and coastal and offshore environments. Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 (YL28) into polluted shrimp rearing water and sediment significantly decreased ammonia and nitrite concentrations, showing that YL28 functioned as a novel safe marine probiotic in the shrimp culture industry. The diversity of aquatic bacteria in the shrimp mariculture ecosystems was studied by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes, with respect to additions of YL28 at the low and high concentrations. It was revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis that Proteobacteria, Planctomycete and Bacteroidetes dominated the community (>80% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)). Up to 41.6% of the predominant bacterial members were placed in the classes Gammaproteobacteria (14%), Deltaproteobacteria (14%), Planctomycetacia (8%) and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6%) while 40% of OTUs belonged to unclassified ones or others, indicating that the considerable bacterial populations were novel in our shrimp mariculture. Bacterial communities were similar between YL28 supplements and control groups (without addition of YL28) revealed by the β-diversity using PCoA, demonstrating that the additions of YL28 did not disturb the microbiota in shrimp mariculture ecosystems. Instead, the addition of YL28 increased the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria. The quantitative PCR analysis further showed that key genes including nifH and amoA involved in nitrification and nitrate or nitrite reduction significantly increased with YL28 supplementation (p < 0.05). The supplement of YL28 decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogen Vibrio. Together, our studies showed that supplement of YL28 improved the water quality by increasing the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria while the microbial community structure persisted in shrimp mariculture ecosystems.

Brown pigmentation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli associated with homogentisic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Goodwin ◽  
C. R. Sopher
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The diffusible brown pigment produced by some strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was found to be due to the secretion and subsequent oxidation of homogentisic acid (2, 5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) rather than tyrosinase activity as previously reported. Homogentisic acid is an intermediate in tyrosine catabolism for a number of bacteria. Brown-pigmented strains appeared to be disrupted in tyrosine catabolism and could not use tyrosine as a nutrient. Nonpigmented strains, however, could utilize tyrosine as a nutrient, and although they secreted homogentisic acid, the levels were approximately 1/100th that of brown-pigmented strains. Production of brown pigment was stimulated by tyrosine and repressed by glucose. Growth in glucose resulted in a drop in the pH of the media, and the greatest pigment formation was associated with a shift to alkaline conditions in the culture media. By buffering the media near pH 7.0, brown pigment formation was repressed, even though unoxidized homogentisic acid accumulated in the culture media. The disruption of tyrosine catabolism corresponds to other reports describing differences between brown-pigmented and nonpigmented strains, and provides further support for the retention of a special taxonomic status for the brown-pigmented strains.Key words: homogentisic acid, pigments, Xanthomonas, fuscans.

scholarly journals Federal legal authorities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Subnational Governance

AbstractThe ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal trend analysis of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, 2014 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Claudia Mello Ribeiro ◽  
Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho ◽  
Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos ◽  
Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes ◽  
Satie Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Mato Grosso

Bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease endemic to Brazil, is a serious public health problem. It is a notifiable disease that, like tuberculosis, is regulated through a national control and eradication program. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis must be characterized in order to direct measures aimed at controlling the disease. This study focused on analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of bovine brucellosis in Brazil. An ecological and time series study was conducted based on secondary data reported by the National Animal Health Information System for cases of bovine brucellosis diagnosed in Brazil (2014 - 2018). The gross and average incidence rate of brucellosis was estimated per state. Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence and to identify states with significant trend changes. Spatial analysis of animals with brucellosis was performed using Kernel density estimation. A total of 19,631 animals with bovine brucellosis were confirmed, and the average incidence rate varied from 0.03 to 33.93/100,000 cattle in Brazil. The highest density of positive animals was found in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, which can be considered areas of greater transmission of Brucella abortus. Reductions in gross incidence rates were observed in Paraná (APC: -13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -20.3 – -5.4; p=0.01), Rondônia (APC: -44.7; 95%CI: -62.0 - -19.4; p=0.01), Mato Grosso do Sul (APC: -59.0; 95%CI: -77.7 - -24.5; p=0.01), Acre (APC: -40.0; 95%CI: -50.0 - -28.0; p=0.00), and Ceará (APC: -37.9; 95%CI: -50.9 - -21.4; p=0.00). The incidence rate significantly increased in Tocantins (APC: 122.1; 95%CI: 4.5 - 372.2; p=0.04). The findings of this study will be helpful in guiding surveillance and prevention measures aimed at reducing the incidence of bovine brucellosis in Brazil.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Selectivity of Two Commercially Available Media for Legionella spp. Recovery from Environmental Water Samples

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Savina Ditommaso ◽  
Monica Giacomuzzi ◽  
Gabriele Memoli ◽  
Jacopo Garlasco ◽  
Carla M. Zotti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Recovery Culture ◽  
Protocol Standardization

The quality control of culture media used for Legionella spp. isolation and enumeration is paramount to achieve a satisfactory degree of comparability among water testing results from different laboratories. Here, we report on a comparative assessment of the sensitivity and selectivity of MWY and BCYEα media supplied by two different manufacturers (i.e., Xebios Diagnostics GmbH and Oxoid Ltd) for the detection of Legionella spp. from environmental water samples. Even though our analysis showed an excellent agreement between the recovery rates of the four media tested (90.5%), the quantitative recovery of Legionella spp. colonies using Xebios media was significantly greater than that achieved by Oxoid media (P = 0.0054). Furthermore, the sensitivity of detection was significantly higher when samples were plated on MWY Xebios agar (P = 0.0442), while the selectivity of MWY appeared to be the same regardless of the manufacturer. Furthermore, MWYXebios agar favored the growth of much larger colonies compared to those observed on MWYOxoid agar. Finally, MWYXebios medium enhanced the recovery of non-pneumophila Legionella species. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that quality control is crucial to ensure high selectivity and sensitivity of the culture media used for the detection and enumeration of Legionella spp. from environmental water resources. As water remediation measures strictly depend on Legionella spp. recovery, culture protocol standardization, as well as quality control of the culture media, is essential to achieve intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility and accuracy.

scholarly journals ISOLAMENTO DE MICRORGANISMOS DEGRADADORES DE COMPOSTOS LIPÍDICOS DE ORIGEM VEGETAL EM AMOSTRAS DE ÁGUAS DA BARRAGEM DO RIO PASSAÚNA-ARAUCÁRIA, PR

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JUÇARA FEITOSA ◽  
IDA CHAPAVAL PIMENTEL ◽  
MÁRCIA REGINA BEUX ◽  
CARLOS ROBERTO DALKE ◽  
FABIANA ZARA PASTRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Selection Of

Avaliou-se o potencial de degradação de compostos lipídicos, naturalmente presentes em amostras de água da Barragem do Rio Passaúna (Curitiba-Paraná/Brasil) ou artificialmente incorporados a meios de cultura, por cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e por microrganismos nãoselecionados. Os resultados demonstraram degradação do substrato lipídico (óleo de soja virgem e utilizado) apenas em relação ao experimento em que não houve o isolamento e seleção prévia de cepas específicas. ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISMS THAT DEGRADE LIPIDIC COMPOUNDS OF VEGETAL ORIGIN IN WATER SAMPLES OF PASSAÚNA RIVER DAM – ARAUCÁRIA-PR (BRAZIL) Abstract It was evaluated the degradation potential of lipidic compounds naturally present in water samples of Passaúna River dam (Curitiba – Paraná/Brazil) or artificially incorporated to culture media by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and by non-selected microorganisms. The results demonstrated degradation of the lipidic substrate (virgin soy oil and already used) only in relation to the experiment where no isolation and previous selection of specific strains was made.

scholarly journals A stastistical system for detecting Salmonella outbreaks in British livestock

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KOSMIDER ◽  
L. KELLY ◽  
S. EVANS ◽  
G. GETTINBY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Health Surveillance Data

Worldwide, early detection systems have been used in public health to aid the timely detection of increases in disease reporting that may be indicative of an outbreak. To date, their application to animal surveillance has been limited and statistical methods to analyse human health data have not been viewed as being applicable for animal health surveillance data. This issue was investigated by developing an early detection system for Salmonella disease in British livestock. We conclude that an early detection system, as for public health surveillance, can be an effective tool for enhanced surveillance. In order to implement this system in the future and extend it for other data types, we provide recommendations for improving the current data collection process. These recommendations will ensure that quality surveillance data are collected and used effectively to monitor disease in livestock populations.

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