scholarly journals Graphite in an archaeological context comparing to other black substances – research problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Joanna Trąbska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Misleading Interpretation ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Black Color

In the archaeological context, substances with a black color have been extensively used in many ancient communities, in the form of items and layers, with the use of biogenic and mineral substances, and requiring a separate methodological approach. Each of them behaves differently in technological and postdepositional processes. The potential degree of the complexity of intentionally applied layers (e.g. paints or cosmetics) and the overlap of secondary substances and crusts, increases difficulties in obtaining unambiguous results and their interpretation. Graphite plays an important role among them. Several areas of the current use of graphite are, or at least could be, commonly shared in the present and in the past, and thus their analysis could be inspiring for archaeology and archaeometry. Graphite fingerprint and potential fingerprints are discussed in terms of their variability. The problem of graphitization as a potential source of misleading interpretation is discussed.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

THE METHODS OF A RESEARCH OF PROCESSES OF SPONTANEOUS SOCIALIZATION BASED ON NONCLASSICAL APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Abashina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Subject Domain ◽  
Child Research ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Research Complex ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Relevance and statement of a problem. Now processes of socialization of younger generation undergo profound changes. They are characterized by transformation of space-time characteristics – narrowing of the field purposeful, expansion of processes of spontaneous socialization. At the same time the methodological approaches and methods of a research aimed at the analysis of the static phenomena applied in pedagogics become insufficient for a research of chaotic processes. There is a need for search of methodology and methods of a research within which the analysis of processes of spontaneous socialization of modern children and teenagers is possible. Research search shows that the solution of this task is possible on the basis of nonclassical methodological approach. Research objective: identification of opportunities of nonclassical methodology for a research of processes of spontaneous socialization of the modern child. Research problems: representation of the methods in logic of nonclassical methodology aimed at the analysis of these processes. Object and subject of research: the situation of development of the child which is characterized by experiences concerning the relations and readiness for an exception of social interaction in various spheres of activity and immersion in the Internet environment. Subject domain of a research: complex of the relations which are the cornerstone of purposeful and spontaneous socialization of the teenager. Research methodology - nonclassical (anthropological) approach. Research materials. In the course of work on a problem the research methods based mainly on the individual and communicative practicians aimed at the analysis of experiences and communication of the child were developed. Results of a research. The qualitative methods based nonclassical approach will allow to understand not only experiences of the child, but also as negative trends under what conditions they lead to break in relations and to search of significant network contacts that is under what conditions processes of purposeful socialization are weakened collect in his social situation of development, extend borders of socialization spontaneous.

Transition Experiences of Indian Nurses Into Australian Mental Health System

2021 ◽  
pp. 104365962110263
Author(s):  
Bindu Joseph ◽  
Michael Olasoji ◽  
Cheryl Moss ◽  
Wendy Cross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Mental Health System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transition Experience ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: In the past decade, there has been an influx of migrant nurses from India to Australia. Migrant professionals have specific transition needs associated with working in Mental Health (MH). This study aimed to explore the transition experience of overseas trained nurses from India working in Australian MH settings. Method: Hermeneutic phenomenology was the methodological approach used in the study. The participants ( N = 16) were overseas trained nurses from India. Data were collected through in-depth interview and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings resulted in the identification of the following themes: (1) Living in dual culture, (2) Loneliness, (3) Discrimination, and (4) Feeling incomplete. Discussion: It is evident that the transition to work in MH in Australia was a journey of mixed experiences. While certain findings of this study are comparable with experiences of migrant nurses in other settings, it provides insight into those that are working in MH.

scholarly journals DE-CENTERING CHINESE HISTORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
John E. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
Qing History ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
Seismic Impact

What would Chinese history look like if we were to examine it from the perspective of the peoples living along China's periphery? How might a non-Chinese perspective challenge the dominant themes in Chinese historiography, themes which represent Chinese history as a linear narrative arising from the Central Plain and its original inhabitants, the Han Chinese? If, for example, we rely solely on Chinese sources to tell us about Chinese-Jurchen/Manchu relations during the first half of the seventeenth century, we will have privileged Chinese sources, affirmed the authority of the Chinese perspective, and suppressed voices that might offer an alternative perspective. Only an aggressive deconstruction of such “authoritative” Chinese texts can expose biases and logical inconsistencies, unpack cultural tensions that demand more rigorous scrutiny, and tease out into the open silenced voices from spaces buried deep in the text. Those historians who engage in such a methodological approach, however, run the risk of being accused of applying fanciful postmodernist conjecture or presentist interpretations to the past. This is why the recent (since the 1980s) addition of Manchu language sources to our examination of Qing history (1636–1912) has had such a seismic impact on the field.

scholarly journals Latin American Cities: From Subservient Reproductions to Intercontinental Dialogues

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Ultramari ◽  
Fernanda Cantarim ◽  
Manoela Jazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This paper investigates the circulation of ideas regarding the city among selected countries in Latin America. It discusses convergences between academic and scientific institutions and investigative weakness in partnerships between Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. It identifies two historical moments: one of vertical dialogues between Latin America and central countries in the elaboration of urban plans (20th century) and another of contemporary academic exchange signalling a horizontal dialogue that is fragile and sporadic but distinct from those observed in the past. Empirical reference is obtained from the analysis of scientific events and papers published by distinguished post-graduate programs concerning urban topics in selected countries, during the time frame of 2000–2015. The methodological approach is based on a bibliographic review and content analysis. Results indicate that the old “one-way” of transfer of urban planning ideas from central countries to Latin America is changing; slowly, the continent has been growing more independent in terms of knowledge creation and circulation.

scholarly journals LE MURA SPAGNOLE DI MILANO: GLI INTERVENTI CONSERVATIVI (2006-2009) E LA LORO NEGAZIONE

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Fant
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Project ◽  
Correction Phase

In this paper is presented the methodological approach to the conservation works of the Spanish defensive walls. The approach arise from a path of knowledge and valorisation, deriving its meaning from the witnessing value; this latter, being denied during the past centuries, applies to surveys and pays attention to materials data, which addressed the conservation project towards more correct methodologies. The problem of the monument material persistence applies in the direction of “planned conservation”, that is a constant care, passing form a “correction” phase, foreseen with the restoration works, to a “maintenance” phase. Such a phase is currently still denied.

scholarly journals Rewriting a History of Open Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungmee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Distance Educators

This article reports eight distance teachers’ stories about teaching at two open universities over the past two decades with a focus on their perceptions and feelings about the changes in their teaching practice. This qualitative study employed a methodological approach called the autoethnographic interview, aiming to document more realistic histories of the open universities and to imagine a better future for those universities. As a result, the paper presents autobiographical narratives of distance teachers that dissent from the general historical accounts of open universities. These narratives are categorized into three interrelated themes: a) openness: excessive openness and a lost sense of mission; b) technological innovation: moving online and long-lasting resistance, and c) teaching: transactional interactions and feelings of loneliness. The paper then presents a discussion of useful implications for open universities, which can serve as a starting point for more meaningful discussions among distance educators in a time of change.

Self-poisoning with Sustained-release Aminophylline: a Mechanism for Observed Secondary Rise in Serum Theophylline

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coupe
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Theophylline Concentration ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Serum Theophylline ◽  
Sustained Release Formulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Rise

It has been known for some time that after the ingestion of a large quantity of sustained-release aminophylline tablets, a secondary rise in theophylline concentration may occur (Connell et al., 1982). This has, in the past, been ascribed variously to continued absorption from the sustained release formulation (Struthers et al., 1982) or to redistribution of the drug after charcoal haemoperfusion (Connell et al. , 1982). This case demonstrates that Phyllocontin S-R tablets may cause a compacted mass in the stomach, which may become resistant to gastric lavage, and thus become a potential source of a sudden secondary rise in theophylline concentration.

Disability Ethnography: A Methodological Approach for Occupational Therapy Research

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Krefting
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Research Problems

The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of the ethnographic approach to occupational therapy research problems. Disability ethnography is defined and a rationale for its use is provided. A review of disability ethnographies is included to support the usefulness of the technique. A description of methods and one approach to data analysis are described next. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of this research approach.

Exploiting New Opportunities in Materials Research by Remembering and Applying Old Lessons

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Aluminides ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanical Properties Of Materials ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Properties Of Materials

AbstractRecalling some of the progress that has been made in understanding the mechanical properties of materials over the past 50 years or so reveals the importance of remembering and applying old lessons when addressing new opportunities in materials research. Often, the classical lessons of the past are especially useful as a guide for thinking about new problems. Such an approach to new problems is intimately connected to the creation of simple models that capture the essential features of the phenomena involved. Experience shows that, although such efforts might not pay off immediately, they come to be useful many years later when new problems are confronted. The merit of applying old lessons to new problems is described herein by using examples from the author's career in characterizing and understanding the mechanical properties of materials. It is hoped that these lessons are sufficiently general to be applied to other areas of materials research. Problems ranging from the high-temperature creep resistance of titanium aluminides, to the residual stresses in deposited thin films, to diffusive relaxation processes in thin films, to the size dependence of the strength of crystalline materials at the nanometer scale, all provide examples of how applying lessons of the past can help to understand new problems. An effort is also made to identify new, emerging problems in materials research where the application of the lessons of the past, together with new capabilities of the future, can come together to produce a fresh understanding of material behavior.

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