scholarly journals English Slang: a word-formation perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Lucia Gallová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
The Individual

This paper examines the word-formation processes which are used in English slang. It does so by presenting the word-formation analysis of a sample of words selected from the online Urban Dictionary (UD). The words under investigation come from three semantic groups from the UD, specifically COLLEGE, DRUGS and FOOD. The focus is also on the comparison of the use of word-formation processes in this sample of slang words and in Standard English. The results propose an overview of the individual word-formation processes occurring in the sample. They also suggest that, to some extent, in this sample, slang uses word-formation processes in the same way as Standard English, however, in certain cases it diverges from the language’s traditional use.

Involvement of the Applied Translation Procedures in Compatibility of Persian Medical Terms With International Naming Criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Medical Translation ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Words

Medical language, as many technical languages, is rich with morphologically complex words. The increasing number of foreign words and specific terms incorporated into the native language are due to the ongoing development of technology and science. Many problems appear in medical translation when the Persian translators try to employ non-Persian or imported words in medical texts, in which multiple equivalents may be created for one particular word based on the individual preferences of authors and translators in the target language. According to this study, following the analysis of the data based on the applied translation procedures and word formation processes, the compatibility of the resulted characteristics has been investigated based on Sager's naming criteria and it is concluded that the main problem is due to the translation procedures of borrowing and substitution.

scholarly journals Hierarchy in derivatological description - selected problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Paweł Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Linguistic Reality

This article presents the selected problems to do with the description of hierarchical relations in the area of word-formation. Hierarchy as a form of categorizing the linguistic reality, reduced to the word-formation framework, delimits two larger thematic areas related to the polysemy of the very term of word-formation in Polish. The first concerns the selection of topics and their respective ordering of the individual word-formation mechanisms described in derivatological research, while the second involves the implementation of hierarchies and hierarchical meanings in the investigated language. This paper mainly focuses on the first aspect that concerns the issue of hierarchy in Polish word-formation descriptions.

scholarly journals WORD FORMATION OF WEATHER LEXIS IN THE ONLINE NARRATIVE OF WEATHER NEWS STORIES (ON THE MATERIAL OF BRITISH NEWSPAPERS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Bondarchuk N.I.
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
News Story ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
Electronic Texts ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Common ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contextual Environment

The aim of the investigation is to study word formation processes in the semantics of weather lexis in the online narrative of weather news stories in British newspapers.Methods. The source base of the study is represented by a corpus of electronic texts of the new genre “weather news story” in British electronic quality (www.thetimes.co.uk, www.theguardian.com/uk) and mass (www.www.thesun.co.uk, www.thedailymail.co.uk) newspapers (2014–2017). The research is methodologically based on structural-semantic and functional research methods. The application of a functional approach in our study enables the identification of the specifics of functioning and organization of lexical units in the contextual environment of the online narrative taking into account their role in the formation of content and meaning of weather news stories. At the same time, the use of descriptive and comparative methods allows revealing more deeply the individual (author) features of the texts under study.Results. A review of the literature confirms the idea that the creation of new words is based on the models and word formation types that are already established in the language or re-emerging. The modern word formation of weather lexis in weather news stories is characterized by typical methods of word formation, among which we distinguish the affixation, compounding, blending, shortening, and conversion. The common types of word formation in the genre under research are affixation and compounding. The most common prefixes are prefixes with the contrasting semantics un-, anti-, de- and the diminutive prefix mini-, among the noun suffixes -ation, -er, -ism, ity, -ness and adjective suffixes y, -ly, -al, -ic, -ish, -ent, -ous. Both dictionary (normative) and occasional (author) forms are distinguished. The use of occasional forms serves as an expressive means of reflecting the author’s worldview, where the author deliberately violates language norms to provide a certain expressive background to the story.Conclusions. The analysis of word formation of weather lexis in weather news stories shows that its organization occurs through the prism of word formation features of the narrative and diversifies weather news stories.Key words: word formation, lexis, abbreviation, shortening, compounding, blending, conversion, weather news story. Мета. Мета статті – дослідження дериваційних процесів у семантиці номінацій погоди в онлайн-наративі про погодні новини британських газет.Методи. Джерельна база дослідження представлена корпусом електронних текстів неожанру weather news story інтернет-версій британських періодичних якісних (www.thetimes.co.uk, www.theguardian.com/uk) і масових (www.www.thesun.co.uk, www.thedailymail.co.uk) видань (2014–2017 рр.). Дослідження методологічно ґрунтується на положеннях структурно-семантичного та функційного методів. Застосування функційного підходу у проєкції на наше дослідження дає змогу виявити спе-цифіку функціювання й організації лексичних одиниць у контекстуальному середовищі онлайн-наративу з огляду на їх роль у процесі змісто- та смислотворення погодних новин. Водночас застосовано описовий і порівняльний методи, які допомогли глибше розкрити індивідуально-авторські особливості текстів онлайн-наративу про погодні новини.Результати. Досліджено дериваційні процеси у семантиці номінацій погоди. Здійснений огляд літератури підтвердив ідею про те, що творення нових слів відбувається за тими моделями, за тими словотворчими типами, які вже встановилися в мові або знову виникають. Сучасному дериваційному процесу номінацій погоди в ОНПН властиві типові способи словотворення, серед яких виокремлюємо афіксальний спосіб, спосіб словоскладання, телескопію, скорочення і конверсію. Найпоширені-шими способами словотворення у корпусі дослідження є афіксальний і словоскладання. Найпоширенішими префіксами, які слугували утворенню нових номінацій погоди, є префікси з контрарною семантикою un-, anti-, de- та зменшувальний префікс mini-, серед суфіксів ‒ відіменникові -ation, -er, -ism, ity, -ness і відприкметникові y, -ly, -al, -ic, -ish, -ent, -ous. У корпусі досліджуваних текстів виокремлено узуальні/словникові й оказіональні/авторські форми. Визначено, що вживання оказіональних форм слугує експресивним засобом вираження індивідуально-авторської мовної картини, де автор свідомо порушує мовні норми, аби надати певного експресивного фону оповіді.Висновки. Проведений аналіз дериваційних процесів у семантиці номінацій погоди в онлайн-наративі про погодні новини показав, що організація лексичних одиниць на позначення погоди відбувається крізь призму словотвірних особливостей оповіді. Дериваційні процеси в семантиці номінацій погоди зумовили наявність широкої палітри лексики в ОНПН, яка демонструє авторський чинник його організації та урізноманітнює оповідь.Ключові слова: словотвір, лексика, абревіація, скорочення, словоскладання, телескопія, конверсія, weather news story.

scholarly journals Word-Formation Characteristics of Anglicisms in the Russian Slang

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Marta Lackova ◽  
Olena Hundarenko ◽  
Olena Moskalenko ◽  
Inha Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper deals with characteristics of Anglicisms that operate in the contemporary Russian slang with the emphasis on their word-formation features. The penetration of these lexical units into the Russian language provides a researcher with a linguistically interesting material as the English and Russian languages represent typologically different language systems. To begin with, the research focuses on the origin of the individual word bases and affixes from which the Anglicism instances analysed by us are formed. Moreover, we treat the representation of non-motivated and word-motivated lexemes. At the same time, word-formation means, methods and procedures for the formation of Anglicisms in the Russian slang are taken into account. The above-mentioned lexical units find their word-formation realization within these processes: derivation, composition, compounding, clipping, acronyms, blending, conversion, calques, fusion, univerbization and phonetic mimicry. Additionally, they display differences in onomasiological categories across the studied field. With respect to this, we cover the word-formation features of the processes: word-formation strings, paradigms and nests; word-formation types, onomasiological categories and types of onomasiological categories. The practical utilization of the research is possible in the areas of comparative and applied linguistics and translatology when searching for equivalents of lexical units in typologically different languages. Furthermore, the results of the research are applicable in the methodology of teaching foreign languages.

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

Translanguaging sequel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Political Dispute ◽  
Japanese Translation

Abstract The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese, wago (native Japanese words), kango (Sino-Japanese words), and gairaigo (foreign loanwords other than kango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORDS FORMATION FOUND IN THE LYRICS OF DRAKE’S SONGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P.A. Bhuwana ◽  
I.G. Budasi ◽  
G. Mahendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Music Film ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The development of music, film, and other industry of entertainment is stated to contribute to the existence of slang words. There are so many slang words that become popular after they are included in the lyrics of songs. One of them is YOLO (You Only Live Once) which is popularized by Drake. In relation to that, this descriptive qualitative research attempts to find out the types and word formation processes of slang words found in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. By taking the model of document analysis by Bowen (2009) and Qualitative data analysis by Miles and Hubberman (1994), it is found out that there are 190 slang words existing in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. They are respectively categorized into Clipping type (62 slangs), Fresh and Creative type (44 slangs), Compounding type (44 slangs), Imitative type (36 slangs), and Acronym type (4 slangs).

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