scholarly journals Aflatoxin B1 in the Iranian pistachio nut and decontamination methods: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mokhtarian ◽  
Hamid Tavakolipour ◽  
Foroud Bagheri ◽  
Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Humberto Corassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Pistachio Nut ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aimed to summarize the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the various cultivars of the Persian pistachio nut and the decontamination techniques, with the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. In this regard, all published studies up to November 2019 among international and national databases were screened, resulting in 23 articles. According to the findings, the main aflatoxin identified in the pistachio nut was AFB1, with AFB1 concentrations in ~28% of the studies being ? 5 µg/kg, in ~35% of the studies being ? 10 µg/kg, and in ~37% of the studies being ? 10 µg/kg. Generally, in most studies (~72%), AFB1 content in pistachio cultivars was higher than the acceptable level proposed by the Iranian National Standard. Although several physical and chemical techniques for AFB1 reduction have been introduced, most of them are not safe and/or suitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Danopoulos ◽  
Lauren Jenner ◽  
Maureen Twiddy ◽  
Jeanette M. Rotchell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.

scholarly journals Effect of taurine administration on symptoms, severity, or clinical outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in humans: a systematic review

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. McGurk ◽  
Melpomeni Kasapi ◽  
James S. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Taurine Supplementation

Background: Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an amino acid found in animal products. Taurine is produced for human consumption as a supplement and ingredient in beverages. Supplementation is a safe, inexpensive, and effective treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in domestic mammals, however it is currently unlicensed in Europe and the United States for human medical treatment. Recent genome-wide association studies of DCM have identified the locus of the taurine transporter (SLC6A6). To assess whether taurine supplementation may be a novel therapeutic option for DCM, we undertook a systematic review. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, Web of Science, Biomed Central) were searched until 11/03/21. Included studies of human participants reported measured phenotypes or symptoms for cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), or altered left ventricle structure or function, administering taurine in any formulation, by any method. Non-English articles were excluded. Meta-analysis was completed in R software (version 3.6.0). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment score (NOQAS) tool was used to assess bias. Results: 285 articles were identified, of which eleven met our criteria for inclusion. Only one paper was deemed “high quality” using the NOQAS tool. Taurine supplementation varied across studies; by dose (500 mg to 6g per day), frequency (once to thrice daily), delivery method (tablet, capsule, drink, powder), and duration (2 to 48 weeks). Patient inclusion was all-cause HF patients with ejection fraction (EF) <50% and no study was specific to DCM. While improvements in diastolic and systolic function, exercise capacity, and haemodynamic parameters were described, only EF and stroke volume were measured in enough studies to complete a meta-analysis; the association was not significant with all-cause HF (P<0.05). No significant safety concerns were reported. Conclusions: A formal clinical trial is needed to address whether taurine supplementation is beneficial to the approximately 1/250 individuals with DCM in the population.

scholarly journals Microplastic Contamination of Seafood Intended for Human Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 126002
Author(s):  
Evangelos Danopoulos ◽  
Lauren C. Jenner ◽  
Maureen Twiddy ◽  
Jeanette M. Rotchell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Pasteurization on Milk Vitamins, and Evidence for Raw Milk Consumption and Other Health-Related Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1814-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN E. MacDONALD ◽  
JAMES BRETT ◽  
DAVID KELTON ◽  
SHANNON E. MAJOWICZ ◽  
KATE SNEDEKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Pasteurization of milk ensures safety for human consumption by reducing the number of viable pathogenic bacteria. Although the public health benefits of pasteurization are well established, pro–raw milk advocate organizations continue to promote raw milk as “nature's perfect food.” Advocacy groups' claims include statements that pasteurization destroys important vitamins and that raw milk consumption can prevent and treat allergies, cancer, and lactose intolerance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed to summarize available evidence for these selected claims. Forty studies assessing the effects of pasteurization on vitamin levels were found. Qualitatively, vitamins B12 and E decreased following pasteurization, and vitamin A increased. Random effects meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of pasteurization on vitamin B6 concentrations (standardized mean difference [SMD], −2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.40, 0.8; P = 0.06) but a decrease in concentrations of vitamins B1 (SMD, −1.77; 95% CI, −2.57, −0.96; P &lt; 0.001), B2 (SMD, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.81, −0.01; P &lt; 0.05), C (SMD, −2.13; 95% CI, −3.52, −0.74; P &lt; 0.01), and folate (SMD, −11.99; 95% CI, −20.95, −3.03; P &lt; 0.01). The effect of pasteurization on milk's nutritive value was minimal because many of these vitamins are naturally found in relatively low levels. However, milk is an important dietary source of vitamin B2, and the impact of heat treatment should be further considered. Raw milk consumption may have a protective association with allergy development (six studies), although this relationship may be potentially confounded by other farming-related factors. Raw milk consumption was not associated with cancer (two studies) or lactose intolerance (one study). Overall, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the poor quality of reported methodology in many of the included studies.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL): a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e43591211228
Author(s):  
Gisele Cândida Ramalho ◽  
Clécio Henrique Limeira ◽  
Brunna Muniz Rodrigues Falcão ◽  
Denise Batista Nogueira ◽  
Flávia Teresa Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Bovine Leukosis

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral disease with negative impact on the economy, and the virus has been linked to breast cancer in women and its DNA detected in fresh milk and raw beef for human consumption. In this context, epidemiological surveys allow the knowledge of epidemiological indicators of infection, guiding control programs and consequently making it possible to control and/or eliminate the virus in cattle populations. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on EBL seroprevalence. Complete articles and brief communications from indexed journals that contained data on the seroprevalence of EBL and described the diagnostic methods used to identify the infection were selected. The study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA methodology - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Me[1]ta-Analyzes. In turn, from a total of 581 studies 15 met the eligibility criteria, and the meta-analysis showed a combined prevalence of 31% (95% CI = 25 – 37%), although with high heterogeneity among the studies, which was attributed to research designs, years of publication of the studies, quantity and age of the animals sampled, exclusive use of dairy herds and heterogeneity among countries. Therefore, this scenario suggests the need for standardization of researches related to epidemiological studies for EBL, specifically cross-sectional surveys, with the use of planned sampling, adjustment of rates according to parameters that may influence the prevalence and specific analyzes that provide the determination of reliable epidemiological indicators.    

Prenatal Diagnosis of Placental Invasion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Accuracy of Ultrasonography and MRI in Diagnosis of Placental Invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Hamid Dahmarde ◽  
Fateme Parooie ◽  
Morteza Salarzaei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Searching Strategy ◽  
Placental Invasion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
National Databases

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of placental invasion. Method: Two independent scientists carried out a series of searches to obtain relevant research, released from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. National databases (Magiran and SID), KoreaMed, and LILACS were reviewed for literature, released in other languages. A series of MeSH keywords was employed as part of the searching strategy (e.g., pregnancy, pregnant, placental invasion, accreta). A forest plot was built with Meta-DiSc, version 1.4. Results: For placental invasion, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%–93% with a 95% confidence interval) and 97% (95% CI, 93%–99%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 73% (95% CI, 66%–79%) and 89% (95% CI, 84%–93%), respectively. In the detection of placenta accreta solely (as the first grade of placental invasion), the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 89.3% (95% CI, 86%–92%) and 84% (95% CI, 77%–89.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of US detection were 95.4% (95% CI, 93.8%–96.6%) and 87.3% (95% CI, 81.4%–91.9%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the increased cesarean sections, placental invasion may be increasing. The diagnosis of prenatal placental invasion is important to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Recent trends indicate an increased use of MRI to evaluate placental invasion as a complement to US. The most accurate imaging findings are using US for placental lacunae and MRI to detect the dark intraplacental band.

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