scholarly journals Gender unemployment in the Czech and Polish labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Maciej Ryczkowski ◽  
Marek Zinecker
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Unemployment Risk ◽  
The Impact

Making use of EU-Labour Force Survey data, the authors estimated logistic regressions with a maximum likelihood method and found that gender unemployment risk was largely explained by human capital, marital status, receiving financial support, job experience and gender discrimination in both Poland and the Czech Republic. The gender unemployment risk gap amounted to 8% and 10% in Poland and the Czech Republic, respectively. Although the impact of marital status was significant and considerable, married women in the Czech Republic benefited from their marital status on average three times less than men in the Czech Republic, and men and women in Poland. In both countries only women aged below 30 were ‘rewarded’, while women beyond 50 years of age were penalized in terms of unemployment risk. As opposed to that, men up to 60 years old have their unemployment risk reduced all else equalled. The authors argue that this form of possible discrimination in some respects is a better measure of injustice than the commonly used pay gap and it constitutes an alternative dimension of ‘gender inequality’. The results can contribute to better targeted policies against discriminatory practices by enhancing the career paths demanded in the labour market and by breaking the stereotypes rooted in the cultures of Polish and Czech societies

scholarly journals Empirical evaluation of professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this article, we evaluate ‘Professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years’, an active labour market policy measure implemented in the Czech Republic. Professional traineeships were one of the possibilities for suitable offer to young people within Youth Guarantee in the Czech Republic in 2014 and 2015. First, we conducted a process evaluation (document analysis and interviews) to uncover the design and implementation aspects of the program. Next, we followed the counterfactual impact evaluation approach towards the estimate of returns to unemployment (competing risk analysis) based on individual administration data from public employment services. We have found that professional traineeships were successful in attracting the interest of both young people and employers. Mainly young people with middle and high level education have entered the program. Most of them have been provided with on-the-job subsidies in the private sector. When considering the impact of the program on the unemployment of participants and a control group, it was shown that after two years, the measure was effective only for young people with long pre-program Employment Office registration. When we consider the reasons for leaving Employment Office registration, the measure seems to be more effective, since many young people in the control group left the Employment Office register in favour of options that were outside of the labour market.

scholarly journals Gender inequality on the labour market in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09023
Author(s):  
Kamila Vesela ◽  
David Krizek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Future Direction

Research background: Even though we live in the 21st century, where society is no longer expected to treat women and men differently, the reality is unfortunately different. Gender differences can be observed in virtually every country in the world. In some aspects of gender inequality, the Czech Republic is doing relatively well, for example, in terms of equal access to education, but in other areas it is doing much worse. In the Czech Republic, gender inequality is manifested in particular in the gender pay gap and on the labour market situation, where female unemployment is higher than male unemployment. Purpose of the article: This article analyses gender inequality in the Czech Republic on the labour market. The aim of this article is to evaluate the state, development and estimate the future direction of the labour market with an emphasis on gender inequality. Methods: Using time-series analysis of the number of applicants at the labour offices, it assesses the status and development of gender inequality in the labour market. The analysis also includes a prediction of future developments, where the author seeks an answer to the question whether the gender gap in this area is decreasing or increasing over time. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed a persistent trend of higher unemployment among women compared to men. However, this gap is decreasing in the long term.

scholarly journals Employment structure and unemployment in the czech republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Flek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Market Restructuring

Did exceptionally low unemployment between 1990-1996 mean that the CzechRepublic had sacrificed more labour market flexibility and faster changes inthe structure of employmnet in exchange for social stability? Or had thecountry made use of its specific initial conditions and managed to followits own mode of labour market restructuring, without the necessity ofincreasing the rate of unemployment drastically? Does currently increasingunemployment accelerate the coversion of the structure of employment towardsthe EU-15 patterns? In attemting to answer the above questions, the paperargues that the Czech unemployment miracle has disappeared as soon as theparticipation rate had become stable, labour shedding accelerated and theeconomic policies responded to macroeconomic overheating. The main sourcesof structural changes in employment were massive labour force withdrawals inagriculture and industry, coupled with job-to-job movements of labour. But,the process of further structural changes has nearly been stopped, despitethe recent rise in unemployment. Instead of being a driving force of labourmobility, current unemploymnet bears predominantly cyclical features.

scholarly journals Modelling the Income Distributions in the Czech Republic since 1992

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková ◽  
Ivana Malá
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this article is to study incomes in the Czech Republic and their development since 1992. The net annual per capita income of Czech households is analysed for all households and their respective subpopulations. Data from the microcensus 1992, 1996, 2002, and EU-SILC 2005–2008 surveys carried out by the Czech Statistical Office are used. The subpopulations are defined by a household’s location (Bohemia or Moravia), and education and age of the head of the household in order to compare the distributions ofthe income in Bohemia and Moravia and to quantify the impact of education and age on incomes. The three-parameter lognormal distribution is chosen as a probability distribution to model the per capita income distribution for the whole population and for subpopulations. To estimate the unknown parameters, the maximum likelihood method and that of L-moments are employed. The medians of equalised incomes are given for the EU members and the average growth in the 2004–2007 period is compared. For the Czech Republic, a comparison of the medians of per capita and equivalised income is made.

scholarly journals Assessing Habitat Vulnerability and Loss of Naturalness: Applying the GLOBIO3 Model in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5355
Author(s):  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
Ondřej Cudlín ◽  
Miloš Zapletal ◽  
Jan Purkyt ◽  
Lenka Štěrbová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Equation ◽  
The Impact

Global and regional biodiversity loss is caused by several drivers including urban development, land use intensification, overexploitation of natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. The main aim of our study was to adapt the GLOBIO3 model to the conditions of the Czech Republic (CR) to assess loss of naturalness and biodiversity vulnerability at the habitat level on a detailed scale across the entire CR. An additional aim was to assess the main drivers affecting the biodiversity of habitat types. The GLOBIO3 model was adapted to CZ-GLOBIO by adapting global to local scales and using habitat quality and naturalness data instead of species occurrence data. The total mean species abundance (MSA) index of habitat quality, calculated from the spatial overlay of the four MSA indicators by our new equation, reached the value 0.62. The total value of MSA for natural and near-natural habitats was found to be affected mainly by infrastructure development and fragmentation. Simultaneously, intensity of land use change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition contributed primarily to the low total value of MSA for distant natural habitats. The CZ-GLOBIO model can be an important tool in political decision making to reduce the impact of the main drivers on habitat biodiversity in the CR.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

Transitional Justice and Changing Memories of the Past in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Roman David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Memories of wrongdoings are often viewed as an obstacle to reconciliation in divided societies. Is it due to the past or the present politics of the past? To examine the dilemma of essentialism versus presentism, this article investigates the impact of transitional justice on memories of wrongdoing. It theorizes that using different transitional justice strategies to deal with the same wrongdoing shapes memories in different ways. The theory is tested via vignette-based surveys in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, which adopted distinct lustration laws. The results show that wrongdoing is viewed through lustration laws, reflecting present power constellations, not history.

Visible marking of wader nests to avoid damage by farmers does not increase nest predation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
VÁCLAV ZÁMEČNÍK ◽  
VOJTĚCH KUBELKA ◽  
MIROSLAV ŠÁLEK
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Nest Protection ◽  
Vanellus Vanellus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ground Nesting

SummaryOnly a few studies have assessed the predation risk on artificially marked nests, or have examined ways of marking nests to avoid destruction by machinery. Until now, however, neither type of study has directly addressed this apparent trade-off experimentally. The impact of marking the nests of Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus with thin 2 m-long conspicuous bamboo poles with the top end highlighted with reflective red or orange spray has been tested for three years in two breeding areas of waders in the Czech Republic. A total of 52 pairs of nests on agricultural land, with each pair consisting of one marked nest and one unmarked reference counterpart nest, were monitored for 2004 nest-days until hatching, agricultural operations or failure. The results proved that marking itself does not result in increased nest predation. The nests found in the early incubation stage were under higher threat of depredation, irrespective of the presence of marking. Our results show that it is possible to find a finely-tuned trade-off in nest marking of ground-nesting birds between risk of damage by agricultural machinery and risk of increased nest predation. Our positive experience with Northern Lapwing, and episodically with three other wader species in the Czech Republic, suggests that this direct nest protection could be used effectively for a wider variety of ground-nesting birds.

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