scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE IMMOBILIZED ONTO CARRIER CHITOSAN-Fe3O4 BY THE COVALENT COUPLING METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Bui Xuan Dong ◽  
Pham Thi My ◽  
Huynh Van Anh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks

Enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions in the cell's metabolism. Enzymes are highly specific in their action on substrates. Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase) is an unique enzyme which can catalyze various types of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, alcoholysis… In recent days, studying and applying immobilized lipase in catalyzing transesterification of biodiesel production has been receiving much attention. The increased demand for biodiesel and the difficulties in obtaining enough quantities of raw materials for its production are stimulating the search for alternative feedstocks. Among the various possibilities, the utilization of residual fatty materials, in particular oils and animal fat residues from the meat and fish processing industries, are increasingly seen as viable options for biodiesel production. This paper presents the results of producing fixed lipase enzyme on microparticle chitosan-Fe3O4. Microparticle is a complex of nano particles Fe3O4 being absorbed on chitosan so it has magnetic property. Enzyme links to microparticle through an intermediate bridge – glutaraldehyde. Free enzyme which is used to fix is commercical lipase enzyme of Sigma (Germany) being extracted from pancreas of pig. Under the optimum conditions (pH 6, 40oC), after 3 hours reaction, immoblized enzyme activity measured 185 IU/mg and the productivity of attaching lipase to the carrier ratio was 75.1%. With immobilized lipase, the result of testing the biodiesel synthesized by lipid from wastewater of the surimi fish fillets manufacturing. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were further analyzed. The characterizations of the produced biodiesel showed that it met Vietnam standart (TCVN 7717:2007). Also discussed are the questions related to the viability of using this type of feedstocks in biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil via Esterification Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widayat Widayat ◽  
S Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Product Characterization

One promise source of alternative energy is biodiesel from rubber seed oil, because the raw materials available in plentiful quantities and can be renewed. In addition, the rubber seed is still lack of utilization, and Indonesia is one of the largest rubbers producing country in the world. The objective of this research is to studied on biodiesel production by esterification process. Parameters used in this study are the ratio of catalyst and temperature and its influence on the characteristics of the resulting biodiesel product. Characterization of rubber seed include acid content number analysis, saponification numbers, density, viscosity, iodine number, type of free fatty acids and triglyceride oils. The results of analysis showed that rubber seed oil content obtained is 50.5%. The results of the GCMS analysis showed that a free fatty acid level in rubber seed is very high. Conversion into bio-diesel oil is obtained by at most 59.91% and lowest 48.24%.

Design an immobilized lipase enzyme for biodiesel production

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 063101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenthorai Raman Jegannathan ◽  
Leong Jun-Yee ◽  
Eng-Seng Chan ◽  
Pogaku Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Lipase Enzyme

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Investigation of Organic Wastes of Frying Oils and Beef Fats: Valorization for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Souissi ◽  
Meha Alouini ◽  
Wissem Mnif
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Different Sources

The present study investigates the different approaches of biodiesel production by exploiting low cost feedstocks such as organic wastes of frying oils (WFO) and wastes of beef fats (WBF). The aim was to compare not only two different sources of waste raw materials but also different approaches of biodiesel production. Biodiesel which refers to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was produced by both chemical and enzymatic transesterification. The characterization of the biodiesel produced by both approaches was performed according to the European standard EN 14214. The results showed that the biological method gave a richer FAME biodiesel through the catalysis of whole-cell lipase. However, for the chemical method, better biodiesel physicochemical properties were observed for the two raw materials. Therefore, it would be interesting to compromise by optimizing the biological biodiesel production approach in order to obtain a better quality in coherence with EN 14214 requirements.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel and High-Protein Feed from Fish Processing Wastes Using In Situ Transesterification

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Tongdong Zhang ◽  
Beiyan Du ◽  
Yuexu Lin ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yueliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Protein Feed

Preparation of biodiesel using in situ transesterification has been extensively conducted for agricultural, microbial and algal biomass, while few works have been performed using aquatic animal tissue. In this work, fish processing wastes were collected to perform in situ transesterification using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) biomass as a representative with which to optimize the reaction conditions. Under the optimum condition, the highest biodiesel purity reached up to 100% for sea bass wastes, which is higher than the 96.5% specified in the EN 14214-2008. The in situ method proposed here has the potential to save significant costs in biodiesel production compared to conventional methods, which usually require high-cost pretreatment of the raw materials. Additionally, the waste residue byproduct produced has a high protein content, and therefore the potential to be used for high-protein feed. This study is expected to inspire new strategies to prepare biodiesel and high-protein feed simultaneously from aquatic animal biomass using the novel in situ transesterification.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Aphanamixis polystachya Seed Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Sazia Ifteqar ◽  
Rajia Sultana ◽  
Sujit Banik ◽  
AFM Mustafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Alternative Diesel Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Standards ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Edible Seed ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The present study focuses on the utilization of non-edible Aphanamixis polystachya seed oil as a potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The extracted oil from non-edible seed could not be directly exploited for biodiesel production owing to its high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 5.785%, so acid catalyzed esterification was applied to reduce FFA of oil to zero followed by base-catalyzed transesterification to convert esterified product to its mono-esters. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the mass percentage corresponding to biodiesel under optimum conditions was 74.38%. The conversion of the triglycerides in the oil into biodiesel through transesterification was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The elemental analysis of the produced biodiesel was studied. The produced biodiesel had properties which were comparable with biodiesel standards and could be utilized as an alternative diesel fuel without any hardware modifications. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(2): 129-136, 2020 (July)

scholarly journals DEALUMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZSM - 5 AS CATALYST FOR GLYCEROL CONVERSION TO GLYCEROL MONOLAURATE

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Riko Rikardo Putra ◽  
Herawati Oktaviani ◽  
Lutfi Af’idatul Kamilah ◽  
FatmaTsaniya Chamdani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Glycerol Derivative

Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements. Glycerol is a compound glycerides, a byproduct of biodiesel production from the transesterification process. Glycerol is converted to glycerol derivative product that has more value as Glycerol Monolaurate (GML).GML is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, andhomeopathic supplements.One of the catalyst that had beenused is ZSM-5. Dealumination is used to change the acidity of the zeolite. This study consists of several stages, there are dealumination of zeolite ZSM-5 using H2SO4, drying at 110 ° C for 1 hour, Then calcination at a temperature of 550 ° C for 4 hours. Characterization catalyst to testing the acidity of the catalyst by absorption of ammonia and pyridine. Acidity of Zeolite is expressed in the mmol of ammonia or pyridine per gram of catalyst. Synthesis of monolaurate with dealuminated result are performed by GC-MS analysis, it’s to determine the molecular weight and to show a purity of Glycerol Monolaurate. Testing results obtained in the optimum conditions at dealumination temperature and dealumination time respectively are 40-60 0C and 2-5 hours. The dealumination variables are acid concentration, temperature and time of dealumination affecting ZSM-5 acidity and % yield of GML. The acidity affecting the yield% of Glycerol monolaurate produced Keywords :Glycerol, Glycerol Monolaurate, dealumination, ZSM - 5.

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Conductive Nanoparticles by Alkoxide Hydrolysis Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Liang Zhu ◽  
Yan Shuang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Size

Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) conductive nano-particles are synthesised by alkoxide hydrolysis method using SnCl4•5H2O and SbCl3 as raw materials. The optimum parameters are determined as: Sb3+ doped molar concentration 15%, reaction temperature 60°C and roasting temperature 600°C. Under optimum conditions, the synthesised nano-particles are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD results show that all Sb ions came into the SnO2 lattice to substitute Sn ions. The image of TEM shows the ATO conductive nano-particles average size is 5 nm. Volume resistivity lowest value of ATO nano-particles is 141 Ω•cm.

Preparation and Characterization of BaFe12O19 Hollow Nanocrystalline Aggregations

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Qing Huang ◽  
Guo Xuan Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Primary Crystals

M-type BaFe12O19 nanocrystalline aggregations were prepared by the citrate sol-gel method, using Fe(NO3)3 and Ba(NO3)2 as raw materials, urea and ethanol as the soft template. The samples were investigated by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and VSM. SEM and TEM micrographs show the product is hollow nanocrystalline aggregations with microporous. XRD patterns indicate M-type BaFe12O19 aggregations with mesoporous are purity and well crystallinity, the average size of the primary crystals of the aggregations is 48nm. Saturation magnetization and coercivity of the aggregations is 55.3emu/g and 5403Oe, respectively, which are higher than these of previous BaFe12O19 nano-particles reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO Terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Gema Fitriyano ◽  
Syamsudin A B ◽  
Adiwarna Adiwarna ◽  
Sarah Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Glycerol Derivative

<p><strong>ABSTRAK. </strong>Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140<sup>o</sup>C, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen <em>Fourier Transform Infra Red</em> (<em>FTIR)</em>dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen <em>Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry</em> (<em>GC-MS</em>). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT. The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. </strong>Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140<sup>o</sup>C, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.</p><p> </p>

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