scholarly journals Bleaching of coral in Nha Trang, Ninh Thuan, Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands in June–July 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Phan Kim Hoang ◽  
Vo Si Tuan ◽  
Thai Minh Quang ◽  
Dao Tan Hoc ◽  
Hua Thai Tuyen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Nha Trang Bay ◽  
Point Transect ◽  
June July

The studies on coral bleaching were conducted at 21 sites of 4 reef areas in Southern Vietnam, using point transect technique in June–July 2019. Cover of hard corals in the selected sites was quite high with the average values of 65.6 ± 18% % in Con Dao islands, 58.7 ± 26.2% in Ninh Thuan coastal waters, 55.9 ± 17.8% in Phu Quoc island but lower in Nha Trang bay (22.8 ± 15.9%). Soft corals were not abundant with the highest cover in Nha Trang bay (4.73 ± 5.5%) and the lowest in Ninh Thuan (0.16 ± 0.3%). Hard corals were most impacted in Nha Trang bay with 39.5 ± 8.1% bleached, followed by Ninh Thuan reefs (32.9 ± 13.3%), Con Dao Islands (25.0 ± 11.1%) and least affected in Phu Quoc island (7.3 ± 9.05%). For soft corals, ratios of bleached corals were 79.4%, 65.8% and 23.8% in Con Dao islands, Nha Trang bay and Ninh Thuan reefs respectively. No bleached soft coral was recorded in Phu Quoc. At the genus level, Acropora corals were severely affected in Nha Trang bay, Ninh Thuan reefs and Phu Quoc island but not impacted in Con Dao islands. The Porites, Montipora, Millepora genera were quite vulnerable in all sites but no bleaching was observed for Galaxea and Diploastrea genera.

scholarly journals Comparison of lipid compositions of soft coral Sinularia brassica collected in different coastal regions of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Phuong Ly ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nga ◽  
Dang Thi Minh Tuyet ◽  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Andrey Imbs Borisovich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Nha Trang Bay ◽  
Quang Ninh

Five soft coral samples belonging to the same specimen Sinularia brassica were collected in the coastal area of Ha Long Quang Ninh, Nhat Le beach, Quang Binh, Hon Vang - Thanh Hoa and Nha Trang areas (2014–2016), these samples were examined and analyzed by total lipid content, content and composition of lipid and fatty acids. Highest total lipid content was found in the sample SHM 09 collected in Nha Trang bay (1.11%), and the lowest total lipid content was in HL-SHM 07 collected in Ha Long, Quang Ninh (0.68%).The lipid composition of samples contained basic classes such as polar lipids, sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, monoankyldiacylglycerols, hydrocarbons and waxes. In studied soft corals, there are the appearance of all fatty acids from C12 to C24. There are differences in composition and content of lipids and fatty acids in samples collected in different locations: Samples collected at Nha Trang bay contain more polyunsaturated fatty acids than the other samples collected in Ha Long, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh. Another two samples, collected in Hon Vang (Thanh Hoa) have similar composition and content of lipid classes, the composition and content of fatty acids in total lipids. The obtained results also show the significant impact of habitat and time of acquisition on the studied subject.

Distribution, diversity and abundance of coral communities in the coastal waters of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Rupert Ormond ◽  
Wera Leujak ◽  
Pirzada Jamal A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Black Coral ◽  
Coral Communities

We assessed the distribution, diversity and abundance of corals in Pakistani waters. A total of 29 hard coral species (eight families and 14 genera), one black coral species and eight soft coral species (three families and seven genera) were recorded from 18 dive sites at nine locations along the coastline. Distribution of hard corals was extremely poor at Mubarak Village and Sandspit, and corals were not found at Goth Abdul Rehman, Gadani (Kuchiani) and Buleji. Moderately rich coral communities were recorded at Churna Island and at more exposed sites around Astola Island. By contrast highly diverse hard coral communities, with up to 80% cover, were found only at the northern sheltered side of Astola Island where Favites complanata, Favites pentagona, Coscinaraea monile and Porites nodifera were the most abundant species. Favites complanata was recorded from most dive sites at Astola Island. Porites nodifera and Pocillopora damicornis, and to a lesser extent Porites harrisoni, Leptastrea pruinosa and Psammocora obtusangulata formed large single species stands. No ‘true’ coral reef was found at any dive site; however, the formation of proto-reefs was evident around Astola Island. Soft corals were dominant at most exposed sites, particularly at Ormara (Roadrigues Shoals) and Jiwani. By comparing diversity with other locations in the region, corals distribution and growth appear to be fairly poor in Pakistan.

Karang Lunak (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) di Perairan Biak Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eliseba Wildamina Manuputty
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

<strong>The Common Soft Corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) in East Biak Waters.</strong> Soft corals are tentacle-bearing invertebrates that belong to the phylum Coelenterata. The name soft corals rever to Octocorallia which have nonmassive skeleton as internal axis. Their polyps always bear eight tentacles, which are fringed by one or more rows of pinnules along both edges. Samples of soft corals commonly found in shallow tropical waters have been collected from East Biak, Papua, in 2013. Sampling was conducted in 13 observation points, using SCUBA diving, from coastal waters to a depth of 20 m. This study aimed to determine the diversity and taxa composition of soft coral community in East Biak waters. A total of 18 genera were collected, including 3 new genera for these waters, namely Dampia, Paraminabea, and Capnella, which are described and discussed in detail in this paper, in addition to the distribution and abundance of individuals.. These genera have already been recorded from East Indonesian waters, but only found in the waters of East Biak at the time of this study. Notes on their distribution and abundance on the reefs are presented. Diversity index was moderate, ranging from 0.699 to 2.477, in which the highest value was recorded in station BIAL T1. Some genera of the family Nephtheidae dominated the observation locations and formed colonies of the same genus with a quite large dispersion<br />

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Secondary Metabolites of Sarcophyton-Associated Marine Fungi

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3227
Author(s):  
Yuanwei Liu ◽  
Kishneth Palaniveloo ◽  
Siti Aisyah Alias ◽  
Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

Soft corals are widely distributed across the globe, especially in the Indo-Pacific region, with Sarcophyton being one of the most abundant genera. To date, there have been 50 species of identified Sarcophyton. These soft corals host a diverse range of marine fungi, which produce chemically diverse, bioactive secondary metabolites as part of their symbiotic nature with the soft coral hosts. The most prolific groups of compounds are terpenoids and indole alkaloids. Annually, there are more bio-active compounds being isolated and characterised. Thus, the importance of the metabolite compilation is very much important for future reference. This paper compiles the diversity of Sarcophyton species and metabolites produced by their associated marine fungi, as well as the bioactivity of these identified compounds. A total of 88 metabolites of structural diversity are highlighted, indicating the huge potential these symbiotic relationships hold for future research.

Studies of Australian soft corals. VI - a new cembranolide diterpene from the soft coral lobophytum crassum

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (41) ◽  
pp. 3661-3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.F. Bowden ◽  
J.A. Brittle ◽  
J.C. Coll ◽  
N. Liyanage ◽  
S.J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Coral ◽  
Soft Corals

Studies of Australian soft corals. IX. A novel nor-diterpene from the soft coral Sinularia leptoclados

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Bowden ◽  
JC Coll ◽  
SJ Mitchell ◽  
J Mulder ◽  
GJ Stokie
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
X Ray

The structure of a novel nor-cembranoid diterpene of formula C19H24O6 (1) is reported. The compound was extracted from the soft coral Sinularia leptoclados, and spectroscopic data were collected on the parent compound (1) and a series of derivatives. It was not possible to assign an unambiguous structure on purely spectroscopic grounds, and so single-crystal X-ray analysis was used to prove the structure (1): (4R*,8S*,11R*,13S*,14R*)-14-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-11-methyl-6,9-dioxo-8,11-epoxycyclotetradec-1-ene-1,13-carbolactone.

scholarly journals Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus Xenia in 1977 to 2019

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5386
Author(s):  
Shean-Yeaw Ng ◽  
Chin-Soon Phan ◽  
Takahiro Ishii ◽  
Takashi Kamada ◽  
Toshiyuki Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Coral Genus

Members of the marine soft coral genus Xenia are rich in a diversity of diterpenes. A total of 199 terpenes consisting of 14 sesquiterpenes, 180 diterpenes, and 5 steroids have been reported to date. Xenicane diterpenes were reported to be the most common chemical skeleton biosynthesized by members of this genus. Most of the literature reported the chemical diversity of Xenia collected from the coral reefs in the South China Sea and the coastal waters of Taiwan. Although there was a brief review on the terpenoids of Xenia in 2015, the present review is a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity of secondary metabolites isolated from soft coral genus Xenia and their potent biological activity as reported between 1977 to 2019.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity of Soft Coral Steroids and Their Pharmacological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Ermolenko ◽  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Tatyana A. Gloriozova ◽  
Vladimir V. Poroikov ◽  
Tatyana V. Sikorskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Steroid Glycosides ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Activities

The review is devoted to the chemical diversity of steroids produced by soft corals and their determined and potential activities. There are about 200 steroids that belong to different types of steroids such as secosteroids, spirosteroids, epoxy- and peroxy-steroids, steroid glycosides, halogenated steroids, polyoxygenated steroids and steroids containing sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms. Of greatest interest is the pharmacological activity of these steroids. More than 40 steroids exhibit antitumor and related activity with a confidence level of over 90 percent. A group of 32 steroids shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity with over 90 percent confidence. Ten steroids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and 20 steroids can be classified as respiratory analeptic drugs. Several steroids exhibit rather rare and very specific activities. Steroids exhibit anti-osteoporotic properties and can be used to treat osteoporosis, as well as have strong anti-eczemic and anti-psoriatic properties and antispasmodic properties. Thus, this review is probably the first and exclusive to present the known as well as the potential pharmacological activities of 200 marine steroids.

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