scholarly journals STUDY ON LEACHATE TREATMENT AFTER ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS BY BIO-FILTER SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN NAM SON LANDFILL, HA NOI

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Le Cao Khai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Filter System ◽  
System A ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Set Up

One of the major pollution issues caused by the municipal solid waste landfill is leachate, which creates a huge risks to contaminate groundwater, surface water as well as surrounding land quality. The leachate of Nam Son landfill contains high concentrations of pollutants such as COD, BOD5, NH4+-N. Hence, this study focused on setting up a bio-filter system and investigating its performance on Nam Son landfill leachate after pre-treatment by electrocoagulation (EC). The characteristics of raw leachate for bio-treatment were as following: pH = 8.7 - 8.9, COD = 1391 – 1492 mg/L, NH4+-N = 661 - 818 mg/L. The experimental system was set up with use volume of 20 lit (dimension: l = 0.15 m, w = 0.28 m and h = 0.52 m) in conditions: room temperature (25-32oC) flow rate from 2 – 6 L/day, bio-media had a specific surface of 200 m2/m3. The experimental results were found that COD treatment efficiency from 78–96 % with input COD load from 0.12 – 0.45 kg/m3/day. The NH4+-N treatment efficiency from 98–99.9 % with input NH4+-N load from 0.08 ÷ 0.25 kg/m3/day. The research results indicated that the leachate treatment by combination of electrocoagulation and bio-filter system can promise as a potential method in practice.

scholarly journals UVA-LED Technology’s Treatment Efficiency and Cost in a Competitive Trial Applied to the Photo-Fenton Treatment of Landfill Leachate

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Javier Tejera ◽  
Antonio Gascó ◽  
Daphne Hermosilla ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gomez ◽  
Carlos Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this trial was to assess the application of UVA-LED technology as an alternative source of irradiation for photo-Fenton processes, aiming to reduce treatment costs and provide a feasible treatment for landfill leachate. An optimized combination of coagulation with ferric chloride followed by photo-Fenton treatment of landfill leachate was optimized. Three different radiation sources were tested, namely, two conventional high-pressure mercury-vapor immersion lamps (100 W and 450 W) and a custom-designed 8 W 365 nm UVA-LED lamp. The proposed treatment combination resulted in very efficient degradation of landfill leachate (COD removal = 90%). The coagulation pre-treatment removed about 70% of the COD and provided the necessary amount of iron for the subsequent photo-Fenton treatment, and it further favored this process by acidifying the solution to an optimum initial pH of 2.8. The 90% removal of color improved the penetration of radiation into the medium and by extension improved treatment efficiency. The faster the Fenton reactions were, as determined by the stoichiometric optimum set-up reaction condition of [H2O2]0/COD0 = 2.125, the better were the treatment results in terms of COD removal and biodegradability enhancement because the chances to scavenge oxidant agents were limited. The 100 W lamp was the least efficient one in terms of final effluent quality and operational cost figures. UVA-LED technology, assessed as the application of an 8 W 365 nm lamp, provided competitive results in terms of COD removal, biodegradability enhancement, and operational costs (35–55%) when compared to the performance of the 450 W conventional lamp.

Experimental Study on Laser Assisted Milling of Sintered Silicon Nitride Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 830-834
Author(s):  
Xiang Wei Wang ◽  
Hong Zhi Zhang ◽  
Xue Feng Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Li Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sintered Silicon

Laser assisted milling (LAML) is a potential method for machining difficult-to-machine materials such as superalloys and ceramics, which uses a high power laser to focally heat a workpiece prior to material removal with a traditional cutting tool. A laser assisted milling experimental system was set up to investigate the cutting process of LAML of sintered silicon nitride. Effects of operating parameters on cutting forces, chip morphology, surface roughness and subsurface damage were investigated. The results showed the feasibility and advantages of LAML of ceramics including good surface, decreasing cutting force and tool wear, and no micro-crack zones.

scholarly journals Irrigation based leachate treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Dahn Rosenqvist
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Leachate Water ◽  
Natural Purification ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

In southern Sweden, several irrigation based on site treatment has been established the lastyears. Briefly they consist of a pound to storing leachate water with pre-treatment and asystem what irrigate vegetation. It could be areas of willow plantations designated for energy purposes or grass or as in same cases spontaneous vegetation.The use of willow have been studied since 1992. These tests have clearly shown that recycling of municipal wastewater in Salix plantations, can replace a large part of the conventional wastewater treatment, due to natural purification processes in the soil/plant system.During the last few years, several full-scale treatment plants based on the soil/plant systemhave been set up to treat leachate water from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills.One other way to reduce leachate water is to use transpiration. On dry days leachate ispumping and irrigated ideal on top of landfills inside the leachate collection system.Rosenqvist Mek.Verkstad has developed the irrigation system "RWIS" for distribution ofwaste and leachate water into the plantation. The irrigation system has to be able to withstand trying conditions, without major maintenance in between harvests.

Antifibrinolytic Action of the Anticoagulant Split Product of Fibrinogen

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B Nanninga ◽  
M. M Guest
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
New Method ◽  
System A ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity

SummaryThe purified anticoagulant split product of fibrinogen has antifibrinolytic and anti-fibrinogenolytic activity. This was investigated by lysis times of fibrin and by the rate of disappearance of fibrinogen in plasma and in a purified system. A new method was used to measure fibrinogenolytic activity. In the experimental system which we have used no indication of additional breakdown of the anticoagulant split product in the presence of fibrinolysin was obtained.

scholarly journals Parameter optimization and yield prediction of cathode coating separation process for direct recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 24132-24136
Author(s):  
Liurui Li ◽  
Tairan Yang ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Pre Treatment

The pre-treatment efficiency of the direct recycling strategy in recovering end-of-life Li-ion batteries is predicted with levels of control factors.

Study the Relative Permeability of Ferrofluid with the Mean Value Analysis of Experimental Apparent Gravity

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Je Ee Ho
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Characteristic ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Set Up

Relative permeability is an important magnetic characteristic for ferrofluid to exhibit its magnetized potential during the magnetization process. To understand above physical property varying with field intensity, a popular analytic model, based on Langevin theory, has been usually considered and widely used. Unfortunately, an implicit model, derived from above hypothesis, for solving the instantaneous magnetization of ferro-particle will be carried out unless the determination of saturated magnetization should be conducted in advance. Just for the study dealing with magnetic property of testing ferro-sample is concerned, the previous acquisition of magnetization curve is impossible and unpractical without the precise measurement of magnetization-degree. On the other hand, required experimental expense is still so costly that it seems to be unaffordable for general laboratory. Thus a self-designed electromagnetic mechanism with special facility of smaller size, economical cost and efficient operation to quantify the reduced gravity of ferro-sample attracts our interest and is set up in this study. Meantime, an auxiliary numerical method, Newton interpolatory divided-difference formulas in trapezoidal rule, involved in this study successfully avoids the essentiality of saturated magnetization determined previously, and which also provides a numerical approximation through the weight loss of ferrofluid experienced by the designed experimental system. As compared with the result measured by VSM (vibration sample magnetometer) method, the estimated profile shows an excellent agreement except the extraordinary outcome occurring at B=6 mT, where a drastic increase of relative permeability will be evaluated due to the faster magnetization starts.

scholarly journals Measuring Biofouling Potential in SWRO Plants with a Flow-Cytometry-Based Bacterial Growth Potential Method

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nirajan Dhakal ◽  
Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez ◽  
Joshua Ampah ◽  
Jan C. Schippers ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Pre Treatment

Measuring the bacterial growth potential of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) feed water is an issue that is receiving growing attention. This study developed and demonstrated the applicability of the flow-cytometry (FCM)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) method to assess the biofouling potential in SWRO systems using natural microbial consortium. This method is relatively fast (2–3 days) compared to conventional bioassays. The effect of the potential introduction of nutrients during measurement has been studied thoroughly to achieve the lowest measure value of about 45,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to about (10 µg-C glucose/L). The BGP method was applied in two full-scale SWRO plants that included (i) dissolved air flotation (DAF) and ultra-filtration (UF); (ii) dual-media filtration (DMF) and cartridge filter (CF), which were compared with the cleaning frequency of the plants. A significant reduction (54%) in BGP was observed through DAF–UF as pre-treatment (with 0.5 mg Fe3+/L), while there was a 40% reduction by DMF–CF (with 0.8 mg Fe3+/L). In terms of the absolute number, the SWRO feed water after DAF–UF supports 1.5 × 106 cells/mL, which is 1.25 times higher than after DMF–CF. This corresponds to the higher cleaning-in-place (CIP) frequency of SWRO with DAF–UF compared to DMF–CF as pre-treatment, indicating that the BGP method has an added value in monitoring the biofouling potential in SWRO systems.

Continuous Cultures of Plasmodium Falciparum Established in Tanzania From Patients With Acute Malaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Humphrey Urio ◽  
Matilda Mkombachepa ◽  
Gration Rwegasira ◽  
Twilumba Makene ◽  
Billy Ngasala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Host Cell Interactions ◽  
Set Up

Abstract BackgroundMalaria morbidity and mortality, almost entirely from Plasmodium falciparum, are still rampant in Africa: therefore, it is important to study the biology of the parasite and the parasite-host cell interactions. In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum is most useful for this purpose, as well as for investigating drug resistance and possible new therapies. Here we report that the Trager & Jensen continuous culture of P. falciparum can be established in a laboratory in Tanzania with minimal facilities and with modest expenditure.MethodsAn in vitro set-up of continuous culture of P. falciparum was carried out in 2016 to 2020 at Muhimbili university of health and allied sciences, Dar-es salaam. Parasite samples were obtained from patients with acute malaria, frozen parasites and live cultures. Data was collected and analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8.ResultsWe have successfully achieved exponential growth of existing strains that are used worldwide, as well as of parasites in clinical samples from patients with acute malaria. In the aim to optimize growth we have compared human serum and bovine serum albumin as components of the culture media. In addition, culture synchronization has been achieved using sorbitol.ConclusionThis experimental system is now available to our institution and to researchers aiming at investigating drug sensitivity and mechanisms of protection against Plasmodium falciparum that accrue from various genes expressed in red cells.

Removal Efficiency of Three Cold-Climate Constructed Wetlands Treating Domestic Wastewater: Effects of Temperature, Seasons, Loading Rates and Input Concentrations

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Mæhlum ◽  
Per Stålnacke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper outlines the influence of temperature, flow rate and input concentrations on the treatment efficiency of organic matter and nutrients in constructed wetlands (CWs). Three integrated 10 PE systems with horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) treating domestic wastewater are described. Particular attention is devoted to: (1) aerobic pre-treatment in vertical-flow filters, (2) filter media with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, and (3) the treatment efficiency during winters. Aerobic pre-treatment followed by CW units including P sorption media removed most organic matter (BOD> 75%), P (> 90%) and total and ammonia N (40-80%). P retention was relatively stable in wetland filters, both with lightweight aggregates and ferruginous sand during 3-6 years of monitoring. Iron-rich sand from Bsh and Bs horizons of ferro-humic podzols was efficient for P sorption, but removal efficiencies of COD, TOC and SS were negative. The differences in efficiency between cold and warm periods were less than 10 percentage points for all parameters. It is anticipated that temperature effects are partially compensated by the large hydraulic retention time. The findings suggest that HSF systems do not require vegetation.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN ALUMINIUM AND IRON ELECTRODES IN ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS FOR GLYPHOSATE REMOVAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiatuladawiyah Danial ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
Mohsen Nourouzi Mobarekeh ◽  
Shafreeza Sobri ◽  
Nordayana Mohd Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Set Up

This study was intended to compare the performance of electrocoagulation process using aluminium and iron electrodes for glyphosate removal in aqueous solution. The effects of initial glyphosate concentration, electrocoagulation time and distance between electrodes, were discussed in detail. An electrocoagulation tank of 500mL with two metal plates electrodes, same in dimensions and metal types, was set up to perform batch mode laboratory experiment and the glyphosate in white powder was first diluted with deionized water. Production of metal cations showed an ability to neutralize negatively charged particles, which then encouraged to bind together to form aggregates of flocs composed of a combination of glyphosate and metal hydroxide. Compared with iron electrodes, aluminium electrodes were more effective for glyphosate removal, with a removal efficiency of over than 80%. This study revealed that electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes is reliable, especially designed for initial concentration 100 mg/L, electrocoagulation time 50 min, and distance between electrodes 6 cm. Finally, it can be concluded that electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes is efficient for glyphosate removal from aqueous environments.

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