Effects of Implant Drill Wear, Irrigation, and Drill Materials on Heat Generation in Osteotomy Sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. e19-e23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Tae Koo ◽  
Min-Ho Kim ◽  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Ulf M. E. Wikesjö ◽  
Jae-Ho Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Thermal Change ◽  
Coated Metal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Time Point ◽  
Carbon Coated

This study evaluated the effects of drill wear on bone temperature during osteotomy preparation with 3 types of drills and compared heat production between drills. The drills used in this study were titanium nitride-coated metal, tungsten carbide carbon-coated metal, and zirconia ceramic drills. An osteotomy 11 mm in depth was formed in bovine scapular bone following the manufacturer's recommended drill sequences. Drilling was performed without irrigation and repeated 20 times; temperature was measured every 5 times. Next, 200 rounds of drilling during irrigation were performed for each drill, with temperature change monitored until round 200. Analysis of variance statistics were used for analyses of the measured data. Drilling without irrigation showed significant thermal increase at all time points compared to drilling with irrigation (P < .001). No significant difference was found between drill materials. Under irrigation, the frequency of previous drilling had minimal effects on thermal change. The repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed major thermal change at the initial time point (P < .0001), and the multiple comparison tests revealed a significant difference in temperature between the initial drills that had been used 50 or fewer times and those that had been used more than 50 times, irrespective of the drill material. The results of this study indicate that the initial drill should be changed in osteotomy preparation with irrigation after they have been used 50 times. Irrigation may be a more critical factor for the control of temperature elevation than is the drill material.

The Resuscitative and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Humeral Intraosseous Vasopressin in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Burgert ◽  
Arthur D. Johnson ◽  
Jose Garcia-Blanco ◽  
Lawrence V. Fulton ◽  
Michael J. Loughren
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionThe American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) and European Resuscitation Council (Niel, Belgium) cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines recommend the intraosseous (IO) route when intravenous (IV) access cannot be obtained. Vasopressin has been used as an alternative to epinephrine to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF).Hypothesis/ProblemLimited data exist on the pharmacokinetics and resuscitative effects of vasopressin administered by the humeral IO (HIO) route for treatment of VF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIO and IV vasopressin, on the occurrence, odds, and time of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and pharmacokinetic measures in a swine model of VF.MethodsTwenty-seven Yorkshire-cross swine (60 to 80 kg) were assigned randomly to three groups: HIO (n=9), IV (n=9), and a control group (n=9). Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for two minutes. Chest compressions began at two minutes post-arrest and vasopressin (40 U) administered at four minutes post-arrest. Serial blood specimens were collected for four minutes, then the swine were resuscitated until ROSC or 29 post-arrest minutes elapsed.ResultsFisher’s Exact test determined ROSC was significantly higher in the HIO 5/7 (71.5%) and IV 8/11 (72.7%) groups compared to the control 0/9 (0.0%; P=.001). Odds ratios of ROSC indicated no significant difference between the treatment groups (P=.68) but significant differences between the HIO and control, and the IV and control groups (P=.03 and .01, respectively). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated the mean time to ROSC for HIO and IV was 621.20 seconds (SD=204.21 seconds) and 554.50 seconds (SD=213.96 seconds), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (U=11; P=.22). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of vasopressin in the HIO and IV groups was 71753.9 pg/mL (SD=26744.58 pg/mL) and 61853.7 pg/mL (SD=22745.04 pg/mL); 111.42 seconds (SD=51.3 seconds) and 114.55 seconds (SD=55.02 seconds), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant difference in plasma vasopressin concentrations between the treatment groups over four minutes (P=.48).ConclusionsThe HIO route delivered vasopressin effectively in a swine model of VF. Occurrence, time, and odds of ROSC, as well as pharmacokinetic measurements of HIO vasopressin, were comparable to IV.BurgertJM, JohnsonAD, Garcia-BlancoJ, FultonLV, LoughrenMJ. The resuscitative and pharmacokinetic effects of humeral intraosseous vasopressin in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):305–310.

The effect of varying encoding conditions on jazz, instrumental, and choral musicians’ memorization accuracy: Implications for music literacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562198897
Author(s):  
Aaron Lohmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concert Band ◽  
Music Literacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Music Memorization ◽  
Post Hoc

The primary purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of three encoding conditions (singing, playing, studying silently) on participants’ music memorization accuracy; (2) to examine potential differences between choral, jazz, and concert band musicians’ accuracy in completing the music memorization task; and (3) to determine whether ensemble affiliation yielded any performance advantages among the three presentation conditions. Three folk melodies were selected for memorization under the three encoding conditions. Participants ( N = 81) had 75 s to commit each melody to memory while studying silently, singing, or playing on a keyboard. Participants then notated the three melodies using conventional staff notation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on one factor revealed significant differences based on participants’ ensemble affiliation. A Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc test revealed the jazz group had higher accuracy scores than the band group. No significant differences were found based on encoding conditions, and no significant interactions were found between the encoding conditions and ensemble groups. The experiment is framed by questions related to memory, reading, and differing notions of literacy.

A Comparison of Intramuscular Temperatures during 10-Minute 1.0-MHz Ultrasound Treatments at Different Intensities

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Leonard ◽  
Mark Merrick ◽  
Chris Ingersoll ◽  
Mitchell Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Thermal Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Treatment Order ◽  
Intramuscular Temperature

Context:Research on therapeutic ultrasound has not focused on the duration needed to cause thermal change with various ultrasound intensities.Objective:To analyze triceps surae intramuscular temperature using 4 intensity levels after a 10-min 1-MHz continuous ultrasound treatment at a depth of 4 cm.Design:1 × 4 repeated measures. Independent variable: intensity of 4 levels—0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm2. Dependent variable: peak intramuscular temperature.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:19 volunteers with no lower leg pathologies.Intervention:Treatment order was balanced via Latin square and performed 24 hr apart.Main Outcome Measures:Peak intramuscular temperatures.Results:The only significant difference detected was that the mean temperature after the 1.0-W/cm2 treatment (37.3 °C) was greater than that at 2.0-W/cm2 intensity (36.1 °C). No treatment reached the desired 4° increase needed for therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions:Treatments at 1.0 W/cm2 increased tissue temperatures more than those at 2.0 W/cm2.

Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievements in electronic works

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibueze Tobias Orji ◽  
Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievement in electronic works. The design was randomized subjects with pretest and posttest control group design. The participants ( N = 148) were randomized to treatment and control conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were conducted by the researchers to compare changes across the treatment and control group participants. To test for differences in categorical data representing characteristics of the participants, the researchers used Chi-square (χ2) statistic. Results show that the experimental group achieved higher achievement scores than the control group for electronic works achievement test at the posttest and follow-up test stages. Furthermore, the study found that there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) in the achievement of students in the different ability levels and genders after the treatment. Hence, problem-based learning was advocated for teachers of electronic works in Nigeria.

Comparison of Trunk Muscle Activity During Modified Side-Bridge Exercises and Traditional Side Bridge Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Whan Choi ◽  
Jung-Wan Koo ◽  
Yeon-Gyu Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: The modified side-bridge exercise is designed for some special situations in which it is impossible to tolerate the compressive load on the side supported during the side bridge, such as in the older people with a hip or knee replacement and even in athletes with shoulder pain. Objectives: To examine the effects of 3 modified side-bridge exercises on the spinal stability muscles compared with traditional side-bridge (TSB) exercises for healthy men. Design: The effects of different exercises on the muscle activities of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and quadratus lumborum (QL) during TSB exercise, both legs lift on side lying (BLLS), torso lift on a 45° bench while side lying (TLBS), and wall side bridge (WSB) were analyzed with the 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Setting: This study was conducted in a university hospital laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 healthy men were recruited for this study. Interventions: The participants performed TSB, BLLS, TLBS, and WSB in a random order. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography measured the muscle activity of the EO, IO, and QL. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the statistical significance of the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity. When there was a significant difference, a Bonferroni adjustment was performed. Results: BLLS and TLBS showed similar effects to TSB in the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity, whereas WSB showed significantly less QL muscle activity than TSB (P < .05). Moreover, TLBS was significantly greater in the muscle activity of QL and EO than WSB (P < .05). Conclusion: BLLS and TLBS may be effective rehabilitation techniques to activate EO, IO, and QL in patients who are unable to perform TSB as spine stability exercises.

Comparison of Open Kinetic Chain Knee and Hip Extension to Closed Kinetic Chain Leg Press Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John LaFree ◽  
Amy Mozingo ◽  
Teddy Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Extension

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship of isokinetic quadriceps and hip extensor peak torque to isokinetic leg press peak torque and to determine the influence of hip position (seated vs. supine) on leg press peak torque. Forty subjects (20 males and 20 females) were tested bilaterally on the isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects were tested during knee extension, hip extension, seated leg press, and supine leg press. Intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement values revealed acceptable reliability for all tests. An analysis of variance revealed significant dominant versus nondominant differences in all tests except hip extension. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between seated and supine leg press peak torque. Finally, stepwise regression revealed a significant relationship between knee extension and leg press peak torques, with hip extension adding only minimally to the explained variance. These data suggest that knee extension and leg press peak torque assess similar muscle performance characteristics. Further research involving electromyographic analysis is recommended to determine the influence of other muscles on leg press force performance.

The Effects of Four Acidifying Sprays, Vinegar, and Water on Canine Cutaneous pH Levels

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Matousek ◽  
Karen L. Campbell ◽  
Ibulaimu Kakoma ◽  
David J. Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linear Contrast

This study determined the extent and duration of cutaneous acidification caused by a single application of four acidifying sprays, vinegar, and water. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the six sprays (F=15.3; P≤0.001). Linear contrast tests showed that the effects of the acidifying sprays were significantly different from vinegar and water (F=6.0; P≤0.001), and vinegar was significantly different from water (F=13.8; P≤0.001). The acidifying sprays decreased cutaneous pH to &lt;6.0 for a mean range of 50 to 65 hours, while vinegar did so for a mean of 12 hours.

Attribution of Responsibility for Alcohol-Related Offenses

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Kelly ◽  
James L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Analysis

The present study examined how individuals attribute responsibility for alcohol-related offenses. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on the type of consequences they received for their alcohol use and were asked to complete 2 measures of causal attributions following each of 2 scenarios which depicted different severities of outcome of alcohol-related offenses. Using a 2-way multiple analysis of variance the 2 × 4 repeated-measures design indicated no significant difference between groups based on consequences. A significant difference was found for severity of outcome suggesting individuals attribute differing responsibility based on the outcome of alcohol-related events.

scholarly journals The effect of toothpastes with bleaching agents on the force decay of elastomeric orthodontic chains

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Behnaz ◽  
Kazem Dalaie ◽  
Sepanta Hosseinpour ◽  
Fatemeh Namvar ◽  
Leila Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Solution ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Force Decay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Time Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elastomeric Chains

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of agents available in whitening toothpastes (Crest® and Sensodyne®) in vitro on the force decay of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 specimens of elastomeric chains were divided into five groups (n = 60) and were evaluated. These groups included (1) the regular Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (2) whitening Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (3) regular Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (4) whitening Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, and (5) distilled water as a control group. The samples' force was measured using Instron at intervals of 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: At the initial time point, the difference in the force values of elastomeric chain between any of the groups was not significant (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups except the groups of whitening Crest®, regular, and whitening Sensodyne® (P > 0.05). On days 7, 14, and 28, the rate of decline for all groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that toothpastes without whitening agents have less effect on force decay of elastomeric chain over time.

Benefits of a Guided Motor-Mental Preperformance Routine on Learning the Basketball Free Throw

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
Jalil Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transfer Testing ◽  
And Control

While past research has shown the benefits of preperformance routines (PPRs) on athletes’ performances, only a few studies have addressed PPR effects on novices’ learning or performance. This study investigated the effect of motor-mental PPR on learning the basketball free throw. We categorized 45 undergraduate male students into three 15-session training groups receiving (a) a five-step PPR based on Singer’s model, (b) a self-regulation PPR, and (c) no PPR, but only a basketball free throw performance (control group). One week later, we conducted retention and transfer testing. A repeated measures analysis of variance and two-way mixed design analysis of variance showed that, in the acquisition and test phases, the five-step PPR group performed better than the other two groups ( p < .001), and there was no significant difference between the self-regulation PPR and control groups. The results also showed that, in accordance with the specificity of practice hypothesis, participants’ performance decreased significantly on transfer testing when PPR was removed from the experimental groups. A well-guided motor-mental PPR was superior to a self-regulated PPR for novices learning this basketball skill, probably because it increased the participants’ concentration during acquisition and helped them learn it as part of a motor pattern.

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