The Relationship between Inadequate Sanitation Facilities and the Economic Well-Being of Women in India

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

Download Full-text

Institutional Favoritism, Income, and Political Trust: Evidence from Jordan

Comparative Politics ◽

10.5129/001041522x16331935725154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ammar Shamaileh ◽

Yousra Chaábane

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Political Trust ◽

Well Being ◽

National Origin ◽

The Political ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

What is the relationship between institutional favoritism, economic well-being, and political trust? Due to the role that East Bank tribes played in supporting the monarchy during the state’s formative years, Jordan has institutionalized a type of political discrimination that privileges East Bank Jordanians over Palestinian Jordanians. An empirical examination of the political institutions of the state reveals that such discrimination remains pervasive. It was subsequently theorized that institutional favoritism’s impact on political trust is conditional on income due to the greater salience of group identity among individuals with lower incomes. Regression analyses of survey data reveal a consistent negative correlation between political trust and income among East Bank Jordanians. There is little evidence of a substantively meaningful unconditional relationship between national origin and political trust.

Download Full-text

Analysing SST 2.0 Tax Burden through the Element of Principle of Good Tax Policy

11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES - Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding ◽

10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(113) ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 113-113

Author(s):

Nur Erma Mohamed Jamel ◽

Nadiah Abd Hamid ◽

Sarini Azizan ◽

Roshayani Arshad ◽

Rani Diana Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Tax Policy ◽

Well Being ◽

Tax Burden ◽

The Public ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Regressive Tax ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

Since the 70s, the focus of the Malaysian government on sustainable development is to improve the economic well-being of its society. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by implementing the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the bottom 40% of households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1st April 2015, followed by Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1st September 2018 impacted all income groups especially B40. The public especially B40 claimed that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to identify the existence of SST 2.0's tax burden assessing through the relationship between elements of guiding principles of good tax policy. Keywords: Sales and Service Tax, enforcement, regressive, tax burden, fairness.

Download Full-text

Conflict Segments of Women Employees of IT Sector in India

International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals ◽

10.4018/jhcitp.2012010104 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 42-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aiswarya Balachandar ◽

Ramasundaram Gurusamy

Keyword(s):

Family Conflict ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Family Conflict ◽

Moderating Variables ◽

Women Employees ◽

The Family ◽

Work Family ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Women In India

The growth rate for women entering the workforce is expected to be greater than for men. Therefore it is possible that the financial well-being of the family may no longer fall to the male, it may be shared between the two partners or may be the sole responsibility of a single parent. These trends potentially increase the chance that work could interfere with family (WIF) or that family could interfere with work (FIW).The study is conducted to test the Impact of Organizational Commitment, Job Autonomy, Job Involvement and Climate as moderating variables on Work Family Conflict of Employed women in India. The sample size of 598 is identified and with the application of statistical tools the relationship among the said variables are estimated and its role on the Work family conflict is studied quantitatively.

Download Full-text

Technology Policy, Task Uncertainty and Organisational Performance

Journal of Management & Organization ◽

10.1017/s1833367200005770 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alan S. Dunk ◽

Saeed J. Roohani

Keyword(s):

Task Difficulty ◽

Technology Policy ◽

Market Competition ◽

Well Being ◽

Organisational Performance ◽

Task Uncertainty ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Task Variability ◽

Economic Well Being

AbstractFactors influencing organisational performance have attracted attention, both in the literature and in practice, as a means of responding to increasing market competition. One factor that may enhance performance is a technology policy and a number of organisations have implemented such policies. Technology policy proponents argue that a society's capacity for sustained technological innovation is crucial to its economic well being. The primary purpose of the present paper is to investigate the extent to which organisational performance is influenced by the use of a technology policy. Since the literature suggests that task difficulty and task variability may influence this relationship, the paper also examines these relationships. The results suggest there is an association between technology policy and performance and that this relation is influenced by task difficulty, but not task variability. The relationship between technology policy and performance seems to greater when task difficulty is high than it is when task difficulty is low.

Download Full-text

Corruption and Bank Failure in Ghana Corruption and Bank Failure in Ghana

Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting ◽

10.5296/ajfa.v11i1.14179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

John Kwaku Mensah Mawutor ◽

Eric Boachie Yiadom Mphil

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Bank Failure ◽

Research Gap ◽

Main Determinants ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

The main objective of this paper is to fill a research gap by examining the relationship between corruption and possibility of bank failure in Ghana. To achieve this objective, the study examined the effect of corruption and bank failure in Ghana. The study finds that bank size, capital, economic well-being, corruption, and profitability are the main determinants of bank failure in Ghana. Specifically, although corruption increases banks' profitability in Ghana, it also has the potential of increasing their vulnerability to fail. This emanates from the fact that corrupt moneys are made for various reasons. Therefore, when the time is due for such moneys to be used for their intended purposes, they have the tendency of reducing the liquidity of banks as well as shocking their stability.

Download Full-text

Understanding the Influence of Latino Diversity over Child Poverty in the United States

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/00027162211048780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 696 (1) ◽

pp. 246-271

Author(s):

Lina Guzman ◽

Dana Thomson ◽

Renee Ryberg

Keyword(s):

Language Proficiency ◽

English Language ◽

Child Poverty ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Generational Status ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

The U.S. Latino population is diverse in terms of countries of heritage, citizenship status, languages spoken, generational status, and geographic settlement patterns. The likelihood of Latino children living in poverty is often associated with these features of Latino diversity; we challenge that view with analyses showing that the underlying economic conditions of families across demographic groups explain much of the likelihood that a child will experience poverty. We use data from the American Community Survey to examine the extent to which the associations between features of diversity and poverty are explained by differences in socioeconomic characteristics. We find that the relationship between parental heritage and child poverty is largely explained by socioeconomic characteristics. Parental citizenship and English language proficiency, while partly attenuated by socioeconomic characteristics, also have direct effects on the likelihood of a child living in poverty, suggesting that programs and policies may need to be tailored to support the economic well-being of these particularly vulnerable subgroups.

Download Full-text

Bank Miṣr and Foreign Capitalism

International Journal of Middle East Studies ◽

10.1017/s0020743800026921 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 161-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert L. Tignor

Keyword(s):

Foreign Capital ◽

Well Being ◽

Close Observation ◽

To Come ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being ◽

The Revolution

In the early months of 1920 a group of leading Egyptians founded Bank Misr. Destined to be the major financial arm of an emerging Egyptian bourgeoisie and the hub of a far-flung industrial and commercial empire, Bank Misr was established amidst the revolutionary turmoil of Egypt in 1919 and 1920. It reflected the nationalist and antiforeign sentiments of these troubled years. Its architect, Tal'at Harb, epitomized many of these characteristics. An ardent Muslim and a defender of Arab-Islamic civilization against its Western and Eastern detractors, he was a dedicated nationalist and a critic of rapacious and exploitative European capitalism. Bank Misr was founded as a supremely Egyptian institution and an expression of nationalist aspirations. Its founders hoped that the Bank might facilitate the emergence of an independent Egyptian bourgeoisie. They also wanted to use its resources to establish new commercial, industrial, and financial companies separate from European capital and working exclusively for the economic well-being of Egypt. But many questions immediately emerged. Could an institution founded in the furor of the revolution and headed by an inexperienced staff even survive, let alone spearhead, far-reaching industrial and commercial changes in the Egyptian economy? What would be its relations with foreigners and especially foreign capital? What role would foreign experts play in the life of the Bank? The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the Bank dealt with these problems by looking at the evolving relationship of the Bank with foreign capital. Put simply it can be said that as the Bank evolved and matured, it began to modify many of its original nationalist, populist, and antiforeign sentiments. It was forced to form alliances with the same groups it had so vigorously denounced at its birt. A close observation of the relationship between Bank Misr and foreign capital should cast light on the effort to create an autonomous Egyptian bourgeoisie. It will show the problems inherent in this vision and the compromises that had to be made as difficulties arose. It will also demonstrate the power of European capitalism in Egypt and its capacity to come to terms with even the most vigorous nationalist organizations.

Download Full-text

Institutions and Economic Development in Early Modern Central Europe

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society ◽

10.2307/3679335 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 221-250

Author(s):

Sheilagh C. Ogilvie

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Social Development ◽

Early Modern ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Central Europe ◽

Well Being ◽

Alternative Interpretation ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

Institutions and economies underwent profound changes between 1500 and 1800 in most parts of Europe. Differences among societies decreased in some ways, but markedly increased in others. Do these changes and these variations tell us anything about the relationship between social organisation and economic well-being? This is a very wide question, and even the qualified ‘yes’ with which I will answer it, though based on the detailed empirical research of some hundreds of local studies undertaken in the past few decades, is far from definitive. Many of these studies were inspired by an influential set of hypotheses, known as the ‘theory of proto-industrialisation’. While this theory has been enormously fruitful, its conclusions about European economic and social development are no longer tenable. This paper offers an alternative interpretation of the evidence now available about proto-industrialisation in different European societies, and explores its implications by investigating one region of Central Europe between 1580 and about 1800.

Download Full-text