scholarly journals Makna Eksoteris dan Esoteris Agama dalam Sikap Keberagamaan Eksklusif dan Inklusif

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-241
Author(s):  
Kunawi Basyir
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Truth

Within the last decades, known to us as the century of spirituality, the world civilization has been murkily colored by the darkness and it has been caused by our sharp different view when we try to understand the meaning of religion including Islam. This has led to the absence of “a bowl” of peace, justice, and equality for every person to freely express his or her socio-religious activities. To the exclusivists, for instance, Islam is blindly viewed as the sole religion that possesses absolute value of truth (absolutism). Consequently, this group sees that other religions possess no truth and, therefore, they must be obliterated. This group sees islām as a term to reject religious pluralism in Indonesia. On the other side, the inclusivists consider the truth of islām as the universal truth. In this regard, they argue that the truth of Islam as a religion is the sole truth, but the truth of islām cannot be monopolized only by certain religion. They further argue that other religions may also possess the truth of islām. Paying close attention to such different understanding of islām, this article attempts to re-read and re-analyze it from socio-cultural approach (or strictly speaking from philoso-phical and theological point of view).

scholarly journals Pandangan Greg Barton tentang Islam Liberal dan Eksistensi Politik Islam di Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-432
Author(s):  
M. Syafi’i
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Double Movement

Abstract: The Greg Barton’s point of view on liberal Islam and Islamic political existence in Indonesia departs from the result of his study on liberal Muslim thinkers in Indonesia, including NurcholishMadjid and Abdurrahman Wahid. Their thoughts are classified as a liberal. Madjid, in most of his methodologies, uses a double movement, while Wahid uses a socio-cultural approach. In addition, MadjidCakNuris also known by his secularization project, while Wahidis famous by his pluralism project. Greg Barton arrived at this conclusion after reading Madjid and Wahid’s opinions in books and articles. In relation to the existence of the political Islam in Indonesia, Greg Barton views that the collapse of the Islamist party of Masjumiwaspartly contributed by Madjid’sliberal thought in understanding Islam. On the other hands, the appearance of religious pluralism in society, which is also a part of a liberal Islamic thought, wasexpedited by Wahid when he was a president of Indonesia.Keywords: Islam liberal, Islamic political existence, Greg Barton Abstrak: Pandangan Greg Barton mengenai Islam liberal dan eksistensi politik Islam di Indonesia berangkat dari hasil penelitiannya terhadap tokoh-tokoh Islam liberal yang ada di Indonesia, di antaranya Nurcholis Madjid dan Abdurrahman Wahid. Kedua tokoh tersebut merupakan sample tokoh Islam liberal yang concern dan konsisten dalam pemikirannya terhadap Islam. Pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut berada pada jalur liberal. Cak Nur menggunakan metode Double Movement dalam kerangka berpikirnya, sedangkan Gus Dur menggunakan pendekatan sosio kultural. Cak Nur dikenal dengan sekularisasinya, sedangkan Gus Dur dikenal dengan pluralismenya. Pemikiran keduanya oleh Greg Barton digambarkan dengan beberapa karya tulis yang menggambarkan sisi sekularnya bagi Cak Nur, dan sisi pluralnya bagi Gus Dur. Dalam kaitannya terhadap eksistensi politik Islam di Indonesia, Greg Barton memandang bahwa runtuhnya Masyumi era Cak Nur, merupakan dampak dari pemikiran liberal Cak Nur dalam memahami Islam. Selain itu muncul nilai pluralitas yang tinggi di masyarakat, yang juga merupakan bagian dari pemikiran Islam liberal. Hal ini dilakukan oleh Gus Dur pada masa ia menduduki pucuk pimpinan negara dan berlangsung lama meskipun ketika Gus Dur lengser.Kata Kunci: Islam liberal, eksistensi politik Islam, Greg Barton

scholarly journals KRISIS DISIPLIN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: ANTI PLURALISME

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Zainal Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normative Belief ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Curriculum Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

This article discusses the problem of Islamic education from a theological and sociological point of view. The emergence of normative and verbalist Islamic education curriculum distorts the universality of Islam. Islam that is contextual in space and time, always in contact with sociological aspects, should be understood as something that can change its partiality dynamics continuously, even though there is a universal thing that is maintained as a normative belief. On the other hand, the failure of education to produce educational output that is dignified and virtuous has caused some people to distrust the world of education in developing the character and ethics of children. The vote of disbelief is getting stronger with the emergence of the National curriculum model which gives a greater portion of general subjects than religious subjects. This paper is a criticism of the development of the world of education in Indonesia, with the hope that education stakeholders make changes to the education system and the applicable curriculum.

Perspective-taking

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Goal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Device

This chapter discusses how perspectivism is the device through which each one of us, who first and foremost sees the world from his point of view, is able to recognize that precisely as just one point of view, and thereby to change it. A healthy mental condition implies the ability to change one’s point of view and temporarily take the perspective of another person. The stronger the reciprocity of perspectives between my former and my present ego, and between my own vantage and the Other’s, the weaker the tendency to perceive my motivations as absolutely necessary. Perspectivism allows me to see myself as not strictly determined by the past and by the involuntary, and may restore a sense of agency. This explains why the reciprocity of perspectives is a therapeutic goal and perspectivism—the attempt to see things from the point of view of the Other—is a therapeutic device.

THREE PROBLEMS OF OTHER MINDS

Think ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (51) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Chad Engelland
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
Traditional Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Problem Of Other Minds ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Everyday Experiences

The traditional problem of other minds is epistemological. What justification can be given for thinking that the world is populated with other minds? More recently, some philosophers have argued for a second problem of other minds that is conceptual. How can we conceive of the point of view of another mind in relation to our own? This article retraces the logic of the epistemological and conceptual problems, and it argues for a third problem of other minds. This is the phenomenological problem which concerns the philosophical (rather than psychological) question of experience. How is another mind experienced as another mind? The article offers dialectical and motivational justification for regarding these as three distinct problems. First, it argues that while the phenomenological problem cannot be reduced to the other problems, it is logically presupposed by them. Second, the article examines how the three problems are motivated by everyday experiences in three distinct ways.

Melissus And His Opponents: The Argument of DK 30 B 8

Phronesis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Makin
Keyword(s):  
Prima Facie ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
Orthodox Interpretation ◽  
Realist Position ◽  
The World ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The One

AbstractIn this paper I offer a new interpretation of Melissus' argument at DK 30 B8.In this passage Melissus uses an Eleatic argument against change to challenge an opponent who appeals to the authority of perception in order to support the view that there are a plurality of items in the world. I identify an orthodox type of approach to this passage, but argue that it cannot give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' strategy. In order to assess Melissus' overall argument we have to identify the opponent at whom it is aimed. The orthodox interpretation of the argument faces a dilemma: Melissus' argument is either a poor argument against a plausible opponent or a good argument against an implausible opponent.My interpretation turns on identifying a new target for Melissus' argument. I explain the position I call Bluff Realism (contrasting it with two other views: the Pig Headed and the Fully Engaged). These are positions concerning the dialectical relation between perception on the one hand, and arguments to counter-perceptual conclusions on the other. I argue that Bluff Realism represents a serious threat from an Eleatic point of view, and is prima facie an attractive position in its own right.I then give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' argument in DK 30 B8, showing how he produces a strong and incisive argument against the Bluff Realist position I have identified. Melissus emerges as an innovative and astute philosopher.

scholarly journals “Historical Jesus” as a Scholarly Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-701
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Desnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The World

The article presents a brief introduction into the modern research area concerning “the quest for historical Jesus” from the scholarly point of view. In the focus is the original Russian literature in its global context. Since Jesus from Nazareth is the key figure for the most widespread religion in the world, i.e. Christianity, the works devoted to him usually step out of the mere scholarly paradigm even if they used scholarly methods, seeking to approve or to disapprove the religious tradition. Recently, however, a lot has been done to describe Jesus as belonging to his own Jewish tradition and, on the other hand, to investigate the development of Jesus narratives in the emerging Christian tradition. Such kind of studies meet the scholar requirements and look promising.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE OTHER FOR MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION – FOCUSED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF BUBER AND LEVINAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungeun Choi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

The number of foreigners residing in Korea exceeded 2.5 million for the first time ever. As the ratio of foreigners to the total population approaches 5%, it is evaluated that Korea has actually entered a multicultural society. It is known that among the types of foreigners staying there are many young foreigners who visit Korea for the purpose of employment. The number of marriage immigrants was 16,025, an increase of 4.3% from the previous year. Of these, 82.6% were women. Entering a multicultural society in a situation where empathy for each other is insufficient can lead to social conflict. In particular, in the COVID-19 pandemic, hostility toward foreigners is more prevalent, and hatred for strangers is increasing. This study critically analyzes these social phenomena and seeks to raise the philosophical basis for multicultural education by establishing a concept with a new perspective on the other. This paper focuses on the philosophy of Buber and Levinas. By establishing 'I and You' as a meeting, Buber presented a new relationship with others. Meanwhile, Levinas emphasized human ethics and responsibility as the absolute and infinite being of the other. According to Buber, in the world there is a relationship between 'I-You' and 'I-It', and in order to live a true life, you must establish a relationship between 'I and you'. The relationship between 'I and it' is a temporary and mechanical relationship where objects can be replaced at any time by looking at the world from an instrumental point of view. However, the relationship between 'I and You' is a relationship that faces each other personally, and the only 'I' that cannot be changed with anything and the 'You' that cannot be replaced exist in deep trust. In phenomenology of otherness, Levinas intends to describe the encounter with the something outside the subject. The concepts of possession, distinctiveness and understanding are replaced by those of approaches, proximity, care and fecundity. In Korean society, a policy that seeks to use foreigners as human resources and, especially in the case of marriage immigrant women, as a solution to a society with low birthrates along with the labor force, shows how society treats others. Therefore, multicultural education must rethink the existence and dignity of human beings through the perspective of the other as asserted in the philosophy of Buber and Levinas.

scholarly journals Social-Epistemic Rhetoric of (Un)certainty in Biomedical and Psychiatric Scientific Academic Writing: a Diatextual Analysis

Human Arenas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Manuti ◽  
Giuseppe Mininni ◽  
Rosa Scardigno ◽  
Ignazio Grattagliano
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Epistemic Rhetoric

Abstract In line with the general aims of scientific textuality, research papers in the biomedical and psychiatric academic domains mostly attempt to demonstrate the validity of their assumptions and to contrast with the sense of uncertainty that sometimes frames their conclusions. Moving from this premise, the present paper aimed to focus on these features and to investigate if and the extent to which biomedical and psychiatric texts convey different social-epistemic rhetoric of uncertainty. In view of this, a qualitative study was conducted adopting diatextual analysis to investigate a corpus of 298 scientific articles taken from the British Medical Journal and from the British Journal of Psychiatry published in 2013. Our analytical approach led to identifying two different types of social-epistemic rhetoric. The first one was mostly oriented to “describing” the world, accounting for the body-mind nexus as conceptualized within the “medical” point of view. On the other hand, the second one was oriented to “interpreting” the world, debating the problematic and critical features of the body-mind relationship as developed within the psychiatry discursive realm.

scholarly journals On certain properties of the alloys of the gold-copper series

1901 ◽  
Vol 67 (435-441) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Constitution

Notwithstanding the extraordinary importance from a technical point of view of the members of this series, which constitute the gold coinages of the world, singularly little is known respecting either their molecular constitution or even their physical constants. Both the authors of this paper possess unusual facilities for studying them, and they felt that time should not be lost in beginning a systematic examination of the series. The other alloys used for coinage have, on the other hand, not been so neglected.

Needs for Food: Are We Asking Too Much?

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Waterlow
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Geometrical Progression ◽  
The World ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The Royal Society has in recent years taken a great interest in the growth of the world’s population and has been represented at the two big international congresses on this subject, in Delhi and in Cairo (Graham-Smith, 1994). According to U.N. projections, in 20 year’s time the world population will be between 7.5 and 8.5 billion (Demeny, 1996). There does not seem to be much controversy about these figures. On the other hand, when it comes to the question of whether it will be possible to feed these 8 billion people, opinions diverge widely between optimists and pessimists. McCalla (1995), the director of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of the World Bank, in a very illuminating discussion of the controversy, has said, “The economists are always wrong,” presumably because they have to deduce future trends from those of the past. It seemed to us that the best way to make a useful contribution is to look at the subject and assess the possibilities from an objective scientific point of view. The Royal Society has done this twice in the past, with two discussion meetings: one on Agricultural Efficiency (Cooke et al., 1977) and the other on Technology in the 1990s: Agriculture and Food (Blaxter and Fowden, 1985). Now, 10 years on, it is time to have another go, widening the scope of the recent discussion meeting “Land Resources: On the Edge of the Malthusion Precipice?” The late Kenneth Blaxter, in a scries of lectures called “People, Food and Resources,” published in 1986, recalled a quotation from Friedrich Engels, writing in 1844 about the Malthusian dilemma: “Science advances in proportion to the knowledge bequeathed to it by the previous generation and thus under the most ordinary conditions grows in geometrical progression — and what is impossible for science?” (my italics).

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