scholarly journals A RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.) E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE GENE RHA2b ENHANCES SEED DORMANCY AND TOLERANCE TO PREHARVEST SPROUTING IN TRANSGENIC WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D B LI
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

scholarly journals Allelic Variations in 5' UTR of TaAFP-B Effecting the Seed Dormancy and Other Agronomic Traits in Transgenic Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yumei ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Han Bing ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Yanping Xing
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Transcript Expression Level

Abstract BackgroundTaAFP (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five binding protein) is the homology of AFP of Arabidopsis thaliana which was a negative regulator in ABA signaling and regulated embryo germination and seed dormancy. TaABI5 (Triticum aestivum L. ABA insensitive five) gene was seed-specific, and accumulated during wheat grain maturation and dormancy acquisition, which played an important role in seed dormancy. In our previous study, two allelic variants of TaAFP were identified on chromosome 2BS in common wheat, and designated as TaAFP-B1a and TaAFP-B1b. Sequence analysis showed a 4-bp insertion in the 5’UTR region of TaAFP-B1a compared with TaAFP-B1b, which affected the mRNA transcription level, mRNA decay, translation levels of GUS and tdTomatoER, GUS activity, and was significantly associated with seed dormancy in common wheat. ResultsThe results of transgenic wheats showed that: the genotypes of average GI values, plant height, grain weight of hundred and rough of second and third stem node are all significantly more in pUbi-TaAFP-BaS transformed wheat plants than in pUbi-TaAFP-BbS transformed ones, but transcript expression level. ConclusionAbove all dates indicated that the 4-bp insertion in the 5'UTR of TaAFP-B decreased the transcript expression level of TaAFP-B and the PHS resistance, and increased the plant height, grain weight of hundred and lodging resistance in this system of over expression transgenic wheat.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum Essential Oil on Dicot and Monocot Species

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Matoušková ◽  
Jana Jurová ◽  
Daniela Gruľová ◽  
Anna Wajs-Bonikowska ◽  
Marek Renčo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Spreading of the plant species in new areas is supported by the hypothesis in which chemicals produced by alien species are allopathic to native plants. A novel weapon hypothesis was tested by using essential oil of dangerous alien species Heracleum mantegazzianum in laboratory conditions. Aboveground plant material was collected in south-east part of Slovakia, dried and hydrodistilled for essential oil isolation. Dominant compounds as octyl acetate (62.6%), hexyl 2-metylbutyrate (10.7%), hexyl isobutyrate (7.5%) and hexyl butyrate (6.5%) were identified by GC-MS. Potential phytotoxic activity was tested on three dicot plant species garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and on one monocot plant species wheat Triticum aestivum L. Germination of the seeds of model plant species after influencing by different doses of essential oil of H. mantegazzianum as well as the roots length was evaluated. Lepidium sativum L. and Raphanus sativus L. were generally not sensitive to applied doses of essential oil although a little stimulation effect at some concentrations prevailed over inhibition effect. Similarly, in monocot species Triticum aestivum L., stimulation was visible in both root length and root number at two or one highest doses, respectively.

scholarly journals The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Rehana S. Parveen ◽  
Samuel R. Revolinski ◽  
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Maturity

Abstract Genetic susceptibility to late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in increased alpha-amylase activity in mature grain when cool conditions occur during late grain maturation. Farmers are forced to sell wheat grain with elevated alpha-amylase at a discount because it has an increased risk of poor end-product quality. This problem can result from either LMA or preharvest sprouting, grain germination on the mother plant when rain occurs before harvest. Whereas preharvest sprouting is a well-understood problem, little is known about the risk LMA poses to North American wheat crops. To examine this, LMA susceptibility was characterized in a panel of 251 North American hard spring wheat lines, representing ten geographical areas. It appears that there is substantial LMA susceptibility in North American wheat since only 27% of the lines showed reproducible LMA resistance following cold-induction experiments. A preliminary genome-wide association study detected six significant marker-trait associations. LMA in North American wheat may result from genetic mechanisms similar to those previously observed in Australian and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) germplasm since two of the detected QTLs, QLMA.wsu.7B and QLMA.wsu.6B, co-localized with previously reported loci. The Reduced height (Rht) loci also influenced LMA. Elevated alpha-amylase levels were significantly associated with the presence of both wild-type and tall height, rht-B1a and rht-D1a, loci in both cold-treated and untreated samples.

Evaluation and selection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for preharvest sprouting tolerance

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Visual Measurements ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rain Simulator

This paper examines the success of selection for preharvest sprouting tolerance in white-grained bread wheat using a standard wetting treatment, germination of hand-threshed seed and falling number measurements. The rain simulator was usefull in shifting the population mean of field grown material towards higher levels of tolerance in successive years; however, large genotype x year interactions in material sown under rain protection did not allow accurate assessment of individual genotypes. The most accurate assessments were achieved using falling number measurements (h2 = 80.7%) and hand-threshed seed germinations (h2 = 38.4%), where no genotype x year interactions were recorded. Seed dormancy (determined from hand threshed grain) correlated significantly with change in falling number following 3 days' treatment in the rain simulator ( r = -0-56**). Visual measurements scored in the rain simulator, however, did not correlate significantly with seed dormancy in the first year (r = 0.20) but correlated strongly in the second (r = 0.73***). In comparisons of the same test between years, falling number (without rain treatment) and seed dormancy were significantly correlated (r = 0.68* and 0.90***, respectively), whilst visual scores of sprouting showed no association (r = -0.03).

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

UTILIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE TO ASSESS KERNEL COLOR AND ITS INHERITANCE IN ELEVEN SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Naoh Solution

White kernel color in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is preferred for the principal foods made from wheat in some countries. In general white-kernelled wheats have a shorter dormancy period than red-kernelled wheats and, therefore, are subject to greater levels of preharvest sprouting damage caused by wet weather. In many countries kernel color serves as the basis for segregating grain into classes. Kernel coat color is controlled by up to three genes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) to enhance kernel color and thereby to facilitate distinguishing between red colored kernels and white ones in wheat populations segregating for kernel color. Six two-way crosses, with five of them made in reciprocal, a single backcross and a three-way cross were made to produce populations segregating for kernel color. A one-molar NaOH solution with 0.1% surfactant was applied to kernels of parents, F1, and several segregating generations. Kernel color reaction to NaOH was under maternal inheritance. The intensity of kernel color reaction to NaOH tended to be related to the number of genes for kernel color.Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel color, sodium hydroxide, inheritance

AC2000 hard white spring wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Tilletia Laevis ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting Resistance

AC2000 is a hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance to preharvest sprouting and prevalent races of common bunt [Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. It is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (White) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, white wheat, bunt resistance, preharvest sprouting resistance, noodle color

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