scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EXPORT CONSIGNMENTS OF CLASS 4 WHEAT INTENDED TO BE USED AS FOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stankevych ◽  
A. Borta ◽  
A. Penaki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Sunn Pest ◽  
Linear Programming Methods ◽  
Test Batch ◽  
The Difference

 In Ukraine, the gross harvest of grain, including wheat, is growing from year to year. However, along with this, there is a steady tendency towards deterioration in the technological properties of wheat grain: the share of food grain is reduced in comparison with non-food wheat. That is why an important yet little studied issue is how to form export consignments with the use of grain which is substandard by some quality indicators. Primarily, this relates to class 4 non-food wheat grain. In the work, the changes and reproducibility of the quality indicators of consignments formed from different quantities of class 4 wheat of different quality have been studied. It has been shown that export consignments of food wheat can be formed from local batches of non-food wheat. On analysing their class-making characteristics, the quantitative and qualitative parameters have been determined for 11 samples of class 4 soft wheat (harvested in 2019) selected at enterprises of the Odessa Region, and for batches of export wheat formed from these samples by mixing. It has been shown that mixing individual local batches of wheat grain, which belong to class 4 by their quality characteristics, makes it possible to obtain export consignments of wheat conforming to the food class standards. It has been established that the more local batches are mixed, the greater are the differences between the calculated weighed average quality indicators and the experimentally obtained values of the same parameters. The class-making parameters “quantity and quality of gluten” do not always obey the law of mixing 2–4-component mixtures, and can behave in a most unpredictable way. This applies mainly to consignments formed on the basis of local batches where a lot of grains are damaged by the sunn pest. The rest of the quality parameters, though different from the calculated data, are within the tolerance limits for each parameter. It has also been shown that from non-food wheat grains (class 4), by using linear programming methods implemented in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, one can obtain the optimal export consignments satisfying all the requirements for food wheat quality (class 3). Thus, exporting enterprises, due to the difference in prices, can receive additional profit. When a consignment is formed, the calculated quality parameters can sometimes differ from the final quality characteristics needed for the intended purpose of the export consignment. Therefore, it is not only necessary to calculate the weighed averages of the consignment quality, but also to form a test batch and experimentally determine its quality indicators in the laboratory, because some of them can deviate towards better quality as well as towards deterioration.

STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF RAPESEED HULLING BY THE IMPACT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.О. РЕНЗЯЕВ ◽  
О.П. РЕНЗЯЕВ ◽  
С.Н. КРАВЧЕНКО ◽  
Р.В. КРЮК
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Исследованы прочностные и физико-механические свойства оболочки рапса с точки зрения ее разрушения и удаления. Установлено, что наиболее рациональным является двухстадийный способ обрушивания: 1-я стадия – на вальцовых мельницах, 2-я – на центробежной обрушивающей машине. Определены параметры центробежной обрушивающей машины для обеспечения минимальной необходимой линейной скорости 10,81 м/с: угол наклона отбойной пластины (90 ± 2)°, частота вращения барабана (2400 ± 150) об/мин. Установлено, что правильно подобранные условия и угол, под которым происходит удар, позволяют значительно снизить количество не до конца обрушенного семени и содержание расколотого ядра. При этом при свободном ударе об отбойную пластину под углом, отличным от 88–91°, или подаче недостаточно равномерного потока семян значительно увеличивается содержание необрушенных семян. На разрушение 1 кг семян необходимо затратить 58,45 Дж. Таким образом, по расчетным данным, для семян рапса диаметром 1,5 мм частота вращения барабана должна находиться в диапазоне от 2221 до 2565 об/мин при ударе семени под углом 90°. Диаметр семян рапса, выращиваемого в Сибирском регионе, составляет от 0,8 до 1,8 мм. Установлено, что подсушивание семян рапса в течение 30–40 с при температуре 100°С позволяет увеличить эффективность разрушения оболочки до полного ее отделения от ядра рапса. Представленные результаты позволяют повысить качество очистки семян рапса от оболочки и улучшить качественные характеристики получаемого масла, облегчить последующие технологические процессы получения пищевого масла, снизить затраты на рафинацию и дезодорацию на 2%. The strength and physico-mechanical properties of the shell of rapeseed in terms of its destruction and removal are investigated. It is established that the most rational is a two-stage method of seed hulling: the 1st stage – on roller mills, the 2nd – on a centrifugal hulling machine. The parameters of the centrifugal hulling machine to provide the minimum required linear speed of 10,81 m/s are defined: the angle of inclination of the turnback plate (90 ± 2)°, the rotational speed of drum (2400 ± 150) RPM. It is established that the correctly selected conditions and the angle at which the impact occurs, can significantly reduce the amount is not completely hulling seed and the substance of the split nucleus. At the same time, with a free impact on the turnback plate at an angle different from 88–91°, or the supply of an insufficiently uniform flow of seeds, the content is not completely hulling seed increases significantly. On hulling of 1 kg of seeds it is necessary to spend 58,45 J. Thus, according to the calculated data, for rape seeds with a diameter of 1,5 mm, the rotational speed of drum should be in the range from 2221 to 2565 RPM when the seed is struck at an angle of 90°. The diameter of rapeseed grown in the Siberian region ranges from 0,8 to 1,8 mm. It was found that drying of rapeseed for 30–40 s at a temperature of 100°C, can increase the efficiency of destruction of the shell to its complete separation from the core of rapeseed. The presented results make it possible to improve the quality of cleaning of rape seeds from the shell and improve the quality characteristics of the obtained oil, facilitate the subsequent technological processes of obtaining edible oil, reduce the cost of refining and deodorization by 2%.

scholarly journals Budidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) sistem akuaponik dengan padat penebaran berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwis Darwis ◽  
Joppy D. Mudeng ◽  
Sammy N.J. Londong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
The Difference

This research aimed to determine the stocking density that support the best growth and survival rate of carp cultivated in aquaponic systems, and to study the water quality of carp culture with different stocking densities in aquaponic systems. The study used 12 aquaria measuring 40x40x40 cm each (water volume of 50 liters). The experimental fish are carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing in average of 3.5 g/individual.  The fish were cultivated with different stocking densities as treatment, including A = 4; B = 7; C = 10 and D = 13 individuals/aquarium.  The fish were fed with pellet at 5%/body weight/day with a feeding frequency of two times a day. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Data consisting of daily growth, survival and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) were measured once a week. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the study showed that the difference in stocking density had no significant effect on the growth and survival of carp.  Water quality was in a reasonable range to support the growth and survival of carp cultivated with aquaponic systems.Keywords: cultivation, carp, aquaponics, stocking density, growth

Manufacture of road stone and respective quality requirements in the pre-revolutionary Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
E. E. Kameneva ◽  
◽  
E. V. Kamenev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Loads

The paper studies the establishment and development history for road stone quality requirements and covers its manufacture in the pre-revolutionary Russia. It is shown that industrial-scale production of road stone was first initiated in Russia as late as at the end of the 19 century. Due to the development of road construction technologies, it became requisite to assess the quality of rocks used to produce crushed stone. The first speculative conclusions on the effect of moisture, mechanical and temperature loads on the quality of crushed stone were made in the middle of the 19 century; however, at the time, there was no uniformity in how to establish the material quality. Crushed stone quality indicators (strength, abrasion, grain shape, and some others) were formulated at the beginning of the 20 century, when mechanized crushed stone manufacturing methods were being first introduced in Russia. In the same period, methods were developed for establishing certain crushed stone quality indicators in laboratory conditions. The underlying principles for these methods, in fact, correspond to the current methods of testing physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The difference lies in the equipment design, experimental conditions, and quantitative assessments of the indicators studied. In general, the late 19 – early 20 centuries may be referred to as the period when the scientific approach was first applied to crushed stone quality studies in Russia and the foundations for its standardization were laid.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF QUALITY INDICATORS AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT GRAIN PROTEIN OF SOUTHERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. Penaki ◽  
A. Borta
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Molecular Weights

The results of studies of the quality of food and non-food grain of wheat from the southern regions of Ukraine in 2016 harvest are presented. The indicators of the quality of wheat grain were determined, the uniformity of their distribution in different classes of wheat was assessed, the content of protein fractions of the gluten complex and the molecular weights of individual protein structures were determined. It was found that the studied 13 samples of wheat grain had the following quality indicators: moisture content 9.4 ... 13.5%, bulk density 731 ... 814 g/l, protein content 10.1 ... 13.2%, gluten content 16.4 ... 25.6%, gluten quality 50 ... 110 units of the IDK device, falling number 311 ... 493 s, grain admixture 1.2 ... 10.5%, grains damaged by a wheat bug, 0.1 ... 10.1%. It was noted that the bulk density of all samples of wheat of 2 ... 6 classes exceeded the standard values in each class. In terms of protein content, 2 from 3 samples of class 5 wheat and 1 from 2 samples of 6 class exceeded the standard value of class 3 wheat (≥11.0%). The same was observed for these samples and for the gluten content (≥18%). Almost all grain samples, except for 2 samples of the 5th class and 2 samples of the 6th class, met the requirements of wheat of the 2nd class (45 ... 100 units device VDK). The falling number of all samples was high and significantly exceeded the normalized value (180 s), even for class 2 wheat. It was found that the uniformity of the distribution of individual quality indicators in different classes of wheat grain by the coefficient of variation is not the same. Such indicators of grain quality as moisture content, bulk density and protein content in different samples of the south of Ukraine in 2016 harvest fluctuated weakly (V≤10%), in terms of the amount of gluten and the falling number fluctuations were average (10% ≤V≤20%). Fluctuations in the content of grain impurities and grains damaged by the wheat bug are big (V≥20%). For the last indicator, fluctuations relative to the average are very large and exceed 120 %. This indicates that in different areas where wheat was grown, the infestation by the wheat bug was very different. It was shown that regardless of the total amount of protein determined by the Infratec FOSS express analyzer, four protein fractions of the gluten complex (albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins) are present in all grain classes, and the molecular weights of the protein structures of the main fractions are within small limits, which are in kDa - for albumins and globulins 20...30, gliadins 27.. 100 and glutenins 30...35. It was noted that in the varietal wheat "Chernobrova" albumins and globulins have a slightly higher molecular weight (30...40 kDa) than in non-varietal wheat.

scholarly journals Western Sudan Arabi camel hides attributes and leather quality characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 040-043
Author(s):  
Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi ◽  
Idris Idris Adam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF LED LAMP RETROPHYTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
I. I. Bayneva ◽  
I. A. Lychagin
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Direct Replacement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

The article discusses modern light sources – LED retrofit lamps, which are used to replace traditional light sources (incandescent, fluorescent lamps). The article provides calculated data showing energy savings as a result of replacing traditional light sources with LED ones. LEDs have undeniable advantages over such light sources. This is a high luminous efficiency, durability, color reproduction and much more. Ample opportunities for direct replacement of LED lamps are associated with their form factor, which is the same as that of traditional light sources. The main parameters of the form factor in this case are the sizes of the light sources (bulb diameter) and the type of cap. However, direct replacement has many controversial sides. Firstly, the light environment created by traditional incandescent lamps is very different from that for LED light sources due to the difference in their spectral light distribution. Secondly, the light intensity curves of LED and traditional light sources are very different in a number of cases. Therefore, direct replacement must be carried out very carefully, taking into account the final light distribution of the light device, where they are used. Thirdly, due to the incompleteness of research in the field of safety of LED lighting, the use of such light sources can be limited due to the potential hazard that may lead to a decrease in labor productivity and quality of life. Fourth, the design of LED lamps is complex, their quality depends on the quality of LEDs, phosphors and electronics, so consumer properties may not be at the highest level, even at fairly high prices. Fifthly, for any, even the simplest LED lamp, a heat sink system is necessary, since the thermal regime of the lamps imposes certain restrictions on their use.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF JELLY CANDY MADE FROM DIFFERENT RATIO OF k-CARRAGEENAN AND KONJAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo ◽  
Muhamad Darmawan ◽  
Arif Rahman Hakim ◽  
Debby T. Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
The Difference

A study on quality of jelly candy formulated from k-carrageenan and konjac (jelly powder), hasbeen conducted. The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of k-carrageenan andkonjac in the formulation of jelly candy. The ratio of k-carrageenan and konjac was varied from40:25; 35:30; 30:35; to 25:40. The quality parameters observed on jelly candy produced were gelstrength, elasticity, stickiness, water activity (a w), and sensory test. Results showed that the bestratio of -carrageenan to konjac was 40:25 (formula A) which produced candy with physicochemicalquality closed to that of commercial one with hardness of 470.7 g, elasticity of 4.5 mm, stickinessof 36.15 g, and a wof 0.5. While the results of the sensory test showed that the difference ratio of -carrageenan and konjac had no significant effect on the product. Based on that result, the bestformulation in production of jelly candy was formula A.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF PARTINGS TO THE QUALITY OF RECOVERABLE LIGNITE MINED FROM MULTI-LAYERS DEPOSITS

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Μ. Γαλετάκης ◽  
Κ. Παπανικολάου
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
Estimation Precision ◽  
Lignite Deposits

The evaluation of multi-layers lignite deposits is mainly based on borehole data. The lack of sufficient number of analytical data of waste and carbonaceous layers, leads to the use of indicative values during the evaluation and consequently affects the estimation precision of recoverable lignite quality. In the present work the possibility of determination of basic quality parameters of waste and carbonaceous layers by using an expert system was investigated. The development of the expert system was based on the available analytical data of waste and carbonaceous layers and the coded descriptions of corresponding cores. The expert system was used for the estimation of quality characteristics of waste and carbonaceous layers from selected core of Southern Field mine of Ptolemais area. The quality characteristics of the estimated recoverable lignite shows a more intense fluctuation compared with this obtained by using indicative values for waste and carbonaceous layers.

scholarly journals A review on some factors affecting wool quality parameters of sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (105) ◽  
pp. 18980-18999
Author(s):  
G Gelaye ◽  
◽  
B Sandip ◽  
T Mestawet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wool Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Wool Wax ◽  
Staple Length

Wool is a natural fibre with a unique amalgamation of properties that are exploited in garment industry. The wool industry, in particular the production of fine wool, has a notable role in world trade and the price of the wool is dependent on quality. Accordingly, wool characteristics have direct impact on wool prices set by processors and industry. These properties can particularly benefit the wearer of the garment during exercise. There are different factors affecting wool quality parameters both with direct and indirect involvement. The environmental and genetics are the main factors affecting quality and quantity of wool from sheep. Infections related to skin and parasitic infestations have direct influence on the quality of wool. Breed or genotype is one of the main genetic factors that influences the product and productivity as well as quality of wool from sheep that is fleece from different sheep breeds is different in its both physical and chemical characteristics. Hormonal changes in relation to sex of sheep also have effect on the wool quality traits. The main objective of this review was to define and explore key wool characteristics, such as staple length, number of crimp, fibre type, fibre diameter, wool wax and scouring yield in regards to quality and interventions approaches for improving. In most of studies, non-genetic factors such as age, season, shearing period, shearing frequency and nutrition have a significant effect on traits viz. staple length, wool wax, scouring yield, fibre diameter and for other traits as well. Conducting a research on wool quality characteristics is an operative way of defining and differentiating the quality of wool. Acquiring knowledge of the wool quality characteristics can help to manage the end use products, consumers comfort and processing intensity. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting physical and chemical properties of wool traits is important to improve the quality of wool through genetics and management interventions. This article reviews some important quality attributes of wool for the product and productivity development and value addition.

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