scholarly journals ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE THE OPERATING AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMBINED GRAIN WASHING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Soldatenko ◽  
A. Shipko ◽  
I. Shipko
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Vertical Speed ◽  
Light Impurities

Washing machines are used in the production lines of grain cleaning departments of flour mills for thorough cleaning of the grain surface, in particular, its grooves from the remnants of organic and mineral dust, microorganisms and mold. In addition, the grain mass during washing is cleaned of hydrodynamically light and heavy impurities - chaff, seeds of waste plants, straw fragments, mineral particles in the form of sand, small stones, lumps of earth, as well as spores and wormwood seeds. At the same time, foreign odors of grain disappear.Experience in the operation of Ж9-БМА machines shows that along with many advantages, they have some disadvantages. In particular, the productivity of the machine 10 t / h does not correspond to the productivity of the conjugated technological equipment of the production line, and the specific water consumption for washing grain is 1.8… 2.0 l / kg, which is too much in modern conditions of acute shortage of drinking water. Enterprises to abandon the use of washing machines. In addition, certain problems and inconveniences are caused by the design of the sieve shell of the impression column. Stamped sieves with scaly asymmetric holes have a low coefficient of living cross section, which complicates the process of dehydration of washed grain, quickly corrode and rub, require special attention during installation or replacement. Therefore, an attempt is made to eliminate these shortcomings.In particular, the reduction of water consumption is achieved due to the elimination of the grain hydraulic conveyor during its transfer from the washing bath to the pressure column. For this purpose, a device for mechanical overloading of grain by a rotary bucket device located within the alloy chamber is used. At the same time, attention was paid to the separation of light organic impurities from the grain. This decision needs further explanation.The functional diagram shows that the initial grain mixture enters the receiving device, which feeds it with a minimum vertical speed into the ascending water streams created by the screws of two grain augers rotating with the same frequency in the opposite direction. The augers pick up the grain and, keeping it afloat in a suspended state, mix it with the water of the washing bath. At the same time the grain is washed and particles are separated from it, which differ from it in terms of density: mineral impurities begin to sink, fall down and through the longitudinal slit in the auger trough fall into the area of the auger for mineral impurities. This auger transports the "stones" in the opposite direction to the funnel with the ejector of the hydrotransporter of mineral particles. Light impurities, during the transportation of grain by grain augers, float to the surface of the water, the level of which in the washing bath is maintained up to the axis of the augers. Together with grain and water, these impurities are pushed out of the bath into the alloy chamber.In the chamber, in the transverse direction, a pipe with a longitudinal absorption slot is installed, the lower edge of which is immersed in water so that the upper layer of water merges into this slot together with light impurities that have surfaced in the washing bath. The amount of water that fuses light impurities can be adjusted by the depth of immersion in water of the lower edge of the absorption hole. To do this, the pipe is rotated relative to its axis with a special handle with a clamp and a pointing scale. One end of the pipe is closed by a plug, and the other passes through a hole in the wall and drains the water with light impurities into the sink sump. The described device provides almost complete removal of light impurities and minimal consumption of floating water. This solution is in the invention according to the copyright certificate 701708404, developed by specialists of the department TOZV. In addition, certain problems and inconveniences are caused by the design of the sieve shell of the squeezing column. Dirt particles tend to stick to the outer surface of the sieve cylinder and block its holes. This can slow down and even stop the separation of water by centrifugation. Therefore, the upper outer surface of the cylinder is washed with water, which in automatic mode is periodically fed to the sieve by the control device and the solenoid valve. It also saves water.

A New Control Device for Washing Machines Using a Microcomputer and Detectors

1984 ◽  
Vol IA-20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuharu Matsuo ◽  
Koichi Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Control Device ◽  
Washing Machines

scholarly journals Analysis of washing modes of metal tin cans outer surface in jet-type washing machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 012001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Mayorov ◽  
N V Yanukov ◽  
D A Mikheeva ◽  
N E Yaytseva ◽  
D V Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Washing Machines

Understanding urban residential end uses of water

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Gato-Trinidad ◽  
Niranjali Jayasuriya ◽  
Peter Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Family Home ◽  
End Use ◽  
End Uses

The ‘end use’ of water is a breakdown of the total household water usage such as water used for toilets, showers, washing machines, taps, lawn watering, etc. Understanding end uses of water will enable water planners, water authorities and household owners determine where water is used/wasted, how much and how often. This paper describes the end uses of water from a number of single-family homes in Greater Melbourne, Australia. The study involves the analysis of water consumption data recorded at 5-s intervals from logged households collected by Yarra Valley Water in Melbourne in 2004. The study determines how much water is used for outdoor and indoor purposes in a single-family home in Melbourne and compares the water usage during winter and summer. Hourly patterns of major end uses of water are also developed. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of the end uses of water and to assist where to focus water conservation efforts that would be most effective financially and environmentally, and be acceptable to everyone.

scholarly journals Study of the Designed Washing Machine for Canning Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01078
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Mayorov
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
State University ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Eccentric Motion ◽  
Canning Industry

Nowadays industry uses special washing machines to wash the outer surface of cans, which can be jet, submersible and combined-type. These washing machines are quite energy-intensive and metal-consuming. A washing machine was designed in Mari State University, in which the objects cleaned gain eccentric motion and bubbling is created from the side of cylindrical cans. In order to identify the dependence of the cleaning quality on liquid activation using the air bubbling method, a number of factor-at-a-time experiments with a three-fold repeatability were performed at the outside of the washed objects. Special theoretical calculations were carried out to identify the limits of the drive wheel speed values aimed at studying kinematic parameters. The type of hyperbolic dependence of the wheel diameter on its rotation frequency is also determined.

scholarly journals IV. The electromotive properties of the skin of the common eel

1893 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 335-365 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Corrosive Sublimate ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Current ◽  
Different Origin

Hermann (1) has investigated the electromotive properties of the skins of Fish. His object in so doing was to attempt to determine, by the employment for experiment of a skin usually credited with being bereft of glands, whether the marked “current of rest” exhibited by the skins of Amphibia is with greater probability to be ascribed to glandular processes in accordance with the opinion of du Bois Reymond (2), or whether the phenomena are not explained with greater simplicity upon the principles of his own ‘Alterations-Theorie.’ Du Bois failed to obtain evidence of a “current of rest” in the four kinds of Fish with which he worked (Eel, Tench, Pike, and Perch), a fact, which taken in conjunction with the absence of “glands” satisfied him that in the richly glandular Amphibian skin the source of the E. M. F. must lie in the secreting structures. Hermann himself, previous to his examination of the skins of Fish, shared to some extent the opinion of du Bois, for in a paper published in 1878 (3), he inclines to the idea, that preparatory processes of glandular origin are the cause of the E. M. F. of the current of rest in the skin of the Frog, but also advances the supposition of a possible contribution from epithelial action at the surface. Finally, as is well known, Hermann demonstrated the presence of an ingoing current of rest in the skins of some ten genera of Fish, but found that its E. M. F. was far less than that exhibited by the Amphibian skin. After noting that substances, the application of which destroys the current of rest in Amphibian skin, cannot be traced microscopically beyond the upper layers of epidermic cells, and recalling the fact that an electromotive excitatory change was demonstrated by Bach and Oehler (4), in the skin of the Frog, after complete removal of the current of rest, by the action of corrosive sublimate applied to the outer surface, Hermann concludes that the E. M. F. of the current of rest, and that of the current of action are of different origin. In speaking of the origin of the current of rest, he makes the following statement, upon the strength of his demonstration of such a current in the “non-glandular” skins of Fish, “dass nicht, oder nicht in erster Linie, die Driisen, sondern die Epithelschicht, der Sitz der elektromotorischen Haut-wirkung ist.” Finally he bases his explanation of the source of the E. M. F. of the current of rest of the skins of both Amphibians and Fish upon the axioms of the “Alterations-Theorie.” According to this hypothesis, the processes of dying or excitation in the continuity of protoplasm cause the more altered parts to be negative electrically to the less altered, so Hermann says “Nun haben wir aber zunächst in alien verhornenden Epithelgebilden eine dem Absterben völlig analoge Alteration, welche von aussen nach innen fortschreitet (und durch den Nachwuchs compensirt wird), nämlich die Verhornung.” Thus in the case of the Amphibian the keratinized superficial cells of the epidermis are supposed to form a demarcation surface whose electrical sign is negative to that of the deeper less altered portions of the skin tissue. Analogous to the “keratin-metamorphose” of protoplasm stands in this connection a “mucin-metamorphose,” and Hermann remarks “Am Aal und an der Trüsche kann man direct sehen, wie die äusseren Zellenden unter Mucinbildung zu Grunde gehen.”

scholarly journals LAUNDRY WASHING MACHINE FOR CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHING, WATER AND ENERGY IN EGYPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Zeinab ElNashar ◽  
Omar Cherkaoui ◽  
Zlatin Zlatev ◽  
ElSayed ElNashar
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Laundry Washing

Consumption of clothing, water and energy by washing laundry is one of the most widespread housework in the Egypt. Today, washing machines do this work in many private households, using water, energy, chemical substances, and process time. Although energy efficiency is in the focus of many regulations which have already achieved significant improvements, the question remains, how relevant these processes are in terms of the absolute impact on resources and whether there are possibilities to improve even further by looking abroad. This survey, which is based on published data, compares the energy and water consumption for automatic laundry washing in an average private household with the total energy and water consumption of private households. Only little data are available on resource consumption for laundry washing based on in-use measurements are hard to obtain. But although some of the data in this report are poor, this is the first work that tries to elucidate the contribution of automatic laundry washing to the total energy and water consumption of households in selected countries North Africa. The report estimates the resource consumption of roughly about 37.72 Million only household washing machines in five countries (Egypt, Libya, Algeria Tunes, Morocco,) with about 188.6 Million people, which is about one third of the North Africa population. The results of this work show that laundry washing in private households is done with quite different amounts of energy and water in different parts of the North Africa both in absolute and relative comparison to the overall household consumption. But due to different consumer habits in dealing with the achieved washing performance in the different global regions, the best practice in washing laundry in a most sustainable way cannot be determined yet. Further research is needed to form a basis for a most sustainable development of resource consumption in Private households.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF CHLOROPLAST COUPLING FACTOR BY FREEZE-ETCHING AND NEGATIVE-STAINING TECHNIQUES

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin P. Garber ◽  
Peter L. Steponkus
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Negative Staining ◽  
Chloroplast Coupling Factor ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Identification of chloroplast coupling factor particles, by the freeze-etching and negative-staining techniques, was made utilizing chloroplast thylakoids isolated from spinach leaves. Complete removal of particles, comparable in diameter to purified coupling factor particles, from the outer surface of freeze-etched thylakoids was achieved by treatment with 0.8% silicotungstate. Reappearance of particles, comparable in diameter to purified coupling factor particles, on the outer surface of freeze-etched thylakoids was demonstrated by combining silicotungstate-treated thylakoids with purified chloroplast coupling factor. Negative-staining results were in agreement with the freeze-etch data. The results demonstrate that the chloroplast coupling factor particles are exposed on the outer surface.

Research on Water-Saving Cleaning Technology and it’s Application for Wheat Based on Grading Washing Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1650-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Xing Zheng ◽  
Hai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Water Cycling ◽  
Cycling System ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Wheat washing can remove stone, dampen and clean. It works by the water solubility and flushing action to purify surface of wheat. For water consumption and pollution of traditional wheat washing machines have become increasingly prominent, the water-saving cleaning technology based on grading washing was studied. In this paper, principle on grading washing is first shown. In order to make full use of grading washing effect, a realization solution based on grading washing technology is designed. For verifying the effect on grading washing, comparative experiments were done. After wheat is sent into washing machines, primary-washing, secondary-washing and final-washing are completed. Compared with traditional wheat wet washing technology, the measurement value about cleaning effect is not reduced. With the water-cycling system, effective reuse for water is achieved. water-saving is about 2/3. The pollution to environment is reduced fundamentally, and the production cost of enterprises is significantly reduced.

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

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