The Legal Regime of the Technologies and Products Obtained Using GMOs: Discussion Questions

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Alexey Anisimov ◽  
◽  
Olga Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
World Market ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The World

Introduction: the paper examines the problems associated with the definition of the legal regime of the technologies and products obtained using GMOs. The experts in the field of genetics have not yet come to an unambiguous conclusion about the degree of harm or benefit of products obtained using genetic modifications. Russia has strict restrictive measures for the production of genetically modified products. Consequently, there is virtually no market for genetically modified seeds produced in Russia. Nevertheless, the world is actively developing industries for the production of genetically modified agricultural products, and the market for the production of seeds is “captured” by a small number of foreign companies. On the other hand, climate change dictates the inevitability of using genetically modified products, the need to accelerate genetic research, and the production of GMO seeds and food. In this context, the authors set a goal to find a compromise (balanced) legal regulation of the legal regime of the technologies and products obtained using GMOs. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the formal-legal method and the method of comparative legal analysis are the leading positions. Results: the authors propose to consider the bans or support for GMO products in the context of trends in global climate change and ensuring food security. The authors have made a comparative analysis of the provisions of the international norms and the Russian legislation on the research and application of GMO technologies and products, which helped to identify an unbalanced legal regulation of the use of the GMO technologies in Russia, which reduces its competitiveness in this area on the world market. Conclusions: the Russian legislation needs to minimize this legal imbalance, which puts researchers in the field of plant genetics and producers of GMO seeds and food in unequal (worse) conditions. The legal regulation should ensure the coexistence of organic (environmentally friendly) agriculture, traditional agriculture, and the use of the GMO technologies; the introduction of special labeling of GMO products; the broadening of the powers of regional authorities in the use of GMO technologies; as well as the application of the principle of “traceability” to GMO products.

Envisaged transfer projects: New technologies in the water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Xiangzhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstracts:</strong> Influenced by global climate change, water shortages and other extreme weather, water scarcity in the world is an alarming sign. This article provides evidences regarding the Tunnel and Tianhe project’s feasibility and their technical, financial, political, socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Such as how to utilize the water vapour in the air and to build a 1000 km long tunnel project to fulfill the goal of solving water shortage in China. The projects are promising to solve the problem of water, food and drought in the country. In addition, the telecoupling framework helps to effectively understand and manage ecosystem services, as well as the different challenges associated with them. Such efforts can help find the ways for proper utilization of water resources and means of regulation.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sustainability; water shortage; transfer project</p>

scholarly journals Transcriptomic responses to environmental change in fishes: Insights from RNA sequencing

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Oomen ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses ◽  
Ecological Importance

The need to better understand how plasticity and evolution affect organismal responses to environmental variability is paramount in the face of global climate change. The potential for using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to study complex responses by non-model organisms to the environment is evident in a rapidly growing body of literature. This is particularly true of fishes for which research has been motivated by their ecological importance, socioeconomic value, and increased use as model species for medical and genetic research. Here, we review studies that have used RNA-seq to study transcriptomic responses to continuous abiotic variables to which fishes have likely evolved a response and that are predicted to be affected by climate change (e.g., salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH). Field and laboratory experiments demonstrate the potential for individuals to respond plastically to short- and long-term environmental stress and reveal molecular mechanisms underlying developmental and transgenerational plasticity, as well as adaptation to different environmental regimes. We discuss experimental, analytical, and conceptual issues that have arisen from this work and suggest avenues for future study.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL FATE OF THE OBJECTS PLACED IN AREAS WITH SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF TERRITORIES IN VIOLATION OF ESTABLISHED RESTRICTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1077
Author(s):  
Marina S. Muravyeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Legal Grounds

The author considers the problem of placing buildings, structures and other objects in zones with special conditions for the use of territories in violation of the restrictions on the use of land plots established by law. Until August 2018, this issue was not regulated in the legislation, as well as the legal regime of protected zones and other zones with special conditions for the use of territories was not properly regulated. At the same time, the judicial practice on disputes over the demolition of these objects was not uniform. In connection with the adoption (in August 2018) of legislative acts affecting both the legal regulation of unauthorized buildings and regulation of the legal regime of zones with special conditions for the use of territories, the work makes attempts to analyze the current legislation, the main positions of the courts and understand the reasons that caused the adoption of new legislative acts. The author comes to the conclusion that at present the legal fate of objects located in zones with special conditions for the use of territories in violation of the restrictions established for land plots depends on a number of circumstances identified by the judicial authorities when considering disputes and having been enshrined in the norms of law. The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific (in particular, logical) and special legal (formal legal) methods of scientific knowledge. The logical method (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, etc.) made it possible to identify various legal grounds for the demolition of objects built in zones with special conditions for the use of territories in violation of the established restrictions. With the help of the formal legal method, the court practice of the applying the norms of civil legislation on unauthorized constructions in relation to the placement of objects in zones with special conditions for the use of territories was analyzed.

scholarly journals Hindu Kush Himalayan Ecosystem as a Common Concern of Humankind: Imperative for Better Regional Jurisprudence

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Debasis Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
The World

Hindu Kush Himalayan region (hereafter the HKH) - with 3500 odd kilometres stretched in eight countries- is default resource generation hub for about one-fifth population of the world. The ecosystem-growing delicate these days- seems to play a critical role for the survival of flora and fauna along with the maintenance of all its life-sustaining mountain glaciers. Ten major rivers to carry forward hitherto sustainable development of these peoples fall into question now. Further, in the wake of global climate change today, the delicate HKH ecosystem becomes increasingly fragile to unfold manifold consequences and thereby take its toll on the population. And the same might turn apocalyptic in its magnanimity of irreversibledamage. Like time-bomb, thus, climate ticks to get blown off. As it is getting already too delayed for timely resort to safeguards, if still not taken care of in time, lawmakers ought to find the aftermath too late to lament for. Besides being conscious for climate discipline across the world, collective efforts on the part of all regional states together are imperative to minimize the damage. Therefore, each one has put hands together to be saved from the doomsday that appears to stand ahead to accelerate a catastrophicend, in the given speed of global climate change. As the largest Himalayan state and its central positioning at the top of the HKH, Nepal has had potential to play a criticalrole to engage regional climate change regime and thereby spearhead climate diplomacy worldwide to play regional capital of the HKH ecosystem. As regional superpower, India has had potential to usurp leadership avatar to this end. With reasoningof his own, the author pleads for better jurisprudence to attain regional environmental integrity inter se- rather than regional environmental integration alone- to defendthe vulnerable HKH ecosystem since the same constitutes common concern of humankind and much more so for themselves. Hence, to quote from Shakespeare, “To be or not to be, that is the question” is reasonable here. While states are engaged in the spree to cause mutually agreed destruction, global climate change- with deadly aftermath- poses the last and final unifier for them to turn United Nations in rhetoric sense o f the term.

THE TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES (BIOBANKS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Elena S. Boltanova ◽  
◽  
Maria P. Imekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Eu

In the world, it is customary to create biological databases of different species. And initially, the databases for the investigation of crimes were widespread. However, later, when their potential and benefits, including for medicine, were assessed, the databases for other areas appeared. Russia was no exception in this regard. Although, in our country, unlike foreign states, the activities of biological databases based on purposes other than the disclosure of crimes are practically not regulated in any way. This article deals with the analysis of legal regulation of biobanks in the Russian Federation and abroad. Special attention is paid to the classification of biobanks. The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility in the legislative regulation of their activities, as well as the patterns in such a regulation. To achieve this goal, the authors studied extensive regulatory material, which included EU directives and national regulations of the EU member states. The methodological basis of the study was the general scientific and private scientific meth-ods of research. Of course, such private scientific research methods as the comparative-legal method and the formal legal method have been widely used. Due to the comparative legal analysis, it is established that the EU countries have a high level of legislative activity in terms of determining the legal regime of biological databases. All countries recognize the specifics of such a legal regime, which can largely be explained by a special legal nature of biological samples and biological data. In this regard, the following issues related to the activities of biological databases are reflected everywhere in the EU countries at the level of law: the procedure for their creation; the procedure for receiving, processing, storing and transmitting biological samples and the data obtained on their basis; the rights and obligations of database creators and persons who have provided their biological samples and biological data about themselves; a set of measures aimed at protecting the rights and interests of donors and third parties, etc. As it seems, a similar approach to the regulation of the activities of biological bases estab-lished not for the investigation of crimes should be implemented by Russia. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the research of biological databases. In the Russian Federa-tion, they are created, as a rule, at the local level. Their main drawback is that they are sepa-rate sources of limited biological information, functioning independently of each other while comprehensive (concentrated in one place) information can bring invaluable benefits and advantages for Russian science and medicine as a whole. However, this requires the estab-lishment of an appropriate legal framework.

GEOLOGICAL MEMORY OF STARUNJA – AS THE COURSE OF PROTECTION OF THE WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE IN CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Oleg Adamenko ◽  
Yaroslav Adamenko ◽  
Kateryna Radlovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village ◽  
World Natural Heritage

Paleontological location of the Pleistocene fauna of hairy rhinos and mammoths near the village. Starunya Bogorodchany district of Ivano-Frankivsk region (Prykarpathian, Ukraine) is considered as a paleoclimatic rapper of global changes and a stratigraphic "bridge" linking stratigraphic patterns of the Upper Pleistocene of Western Europe and the plain territory of Ukraine. This is important for the reconstruction of global climate change and the transformation of natural and man-made geosystems.

Transitioning to Low Carbon Mobility

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Hopkins ◽  
James Higham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Transformation ◽  
Context Specific

Since the turn of the 21st Century, the world has experienced unprecedented economic, political, social and environmental transformation. The ‘inconvenient truth’ of climate change is now undeniable; rising temperatures and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events have resulted in the loss of lives, livelihoods and habitats as well as straining economies. Increasingly mobile lives are often dependent on high carbon modes of transport, representing a substantial contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the underlying cause of anthropogenic climate change. With growing demand and rising emissions, the transport sector has a critical role to play in achieving GHG emissions reductions, and stabilising the global climate. Low Carbon Mobility Transitions draws interdisciplinary insights on transport and mobilities, as a vast and complex socio-technical system. It presents 15 chapters and 6 shorter ‘case studies’ covering a diversity of themes and geographic contexts across three thematic sections: People and Place, Structures in Transition, and Innovations for Low Carbon Mobility. The three sections are highly interrelated, and with overlapping, complementing, and challenging themes. The contributions offer critical, often neglected insights into low carbon mobility transitions across the world. In doing so, Low Carbon Mobility Transitions sheds light on the place- and context-specific nature of mobility in a climate constrained world.

Climate Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 162-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Mohammad Kais
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Key Features

Global aquaculture is one of the key features of present global agro-food systems. Though aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, its growth trajectory is confronted with various challenges including climate disruptions. Since both aquaculture and climate change have regional variations, their interconnections are very complex and require systematic investigation. In various regions of the world, especially in the Global South, aquaculture countries are assessing those interconnections and devising resilience-enhancing programs for the development of the sector. Thorough investigations are required for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interconnections between climate vulnerability and resilience of global aquaculture. Drawing on primary and secondary data from the Bangladesh shrimp sector, and using conceptual lenses of global climate change and resilience, this chapter critically examines how the industrial shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh is affected by climate disruptions and how the shrimp farming communities address these challenges.

Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-177
Author(s):  
Shaikh Mohammad Kais
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Key Features

Global aquaculture is one of the key features of present global agro-food systems. Though aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, its growth trajectory is confronted with various challenges including climate disruptions. Since both aquaculture and climate change have regional variations, their interconnections are very complex and require systematic investigation. In various regions of the world, especially in the Global South, aquaculture countries are assessing those interconnections and devising resilience-enhancing programs for the development of the sector. Thorough investigations are required for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interconnections between climate vulnerability and resilience of global aquaculture. Drawing on primary and secondary data from the Bangladesh shrimp sector, and using conceptual lenses of global climate change and resilience, this chapter critically examines how the industrial shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh is affected by climate disruptions and how the shrimp farming communities address these challenges.

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